scholarly journals Spatial Issues in Strategies of Municipal Districts

2021 ◽  
pp. 80-92
Author(s):  
Boris Zhikharevich ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Population Distribution ◽  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Geographic Location ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Strategy Development ◽  
Social And Economic Development ◽  
High Level ◽  
High Degree

The representation of spatial issues in the texts of municipal strategies of administrative districts was studied using an original technique. On the basis of samples of 30 Russian and foreign strategies, it was found that spatial issues (in this study these were: economic and geographic location, population distribution and economic activity in the district, comfortability of the environment, connectivity, transport accessibility, migration flows) in the majority of municipal strategies are taken into account in one way or another and in half of the cases spatial issues are presented at a good level. The depth and quality of the analysis of spatial issues are significantly differentiated (ranks range fr om 3 to 18). A high level of presence of spatial issues correlates with the overall quality of strategic documents and is shown in the strategies of the districts of Tatarstan, Bashkortostan and the Leningrad oblast, wh ere there are strong traditions of strategic planning at the regional level and professional consultant teams are involved in the strategy development. An attempt to test quantitatively the hypothesis that there is a relationship between the degree to which spatial issues are taken into account in the strategy and the success of social and economic development did not give reliable results due to a small sample size and low quality of statistical indicators at the municipal level. Nevertheless, the introduction of three-point scales made it possible to compare roughly the distribution of districts into three groups for the assessment of spatial issues inclusion into the strategy and into three groups according to the success of social and economic development. The highest average assessment of the manifestation of spatial issues is in the group of successful districts. The share of districts that are successful in terms of social and economic development is higher in areas whose strategies feature an average or high degree of presence of spatial issues.

scholarly journals Congenital Micropenis: Aetiology And Management

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marianna Rita Stancampiano ◽  
Kentaro Suzuki ◽  
Stuart O’Toole ◽  
Gianni Russo ◽  
Gen Yamada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Racial Differences ◽  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Long Term Outcomes ◽  
Penile Length ◽  
Appearance Quality ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Impact

Abstract In the newborn, penile length is determined by a number of androgen dependent and independent factors. The current literature suggests that there are inter-racial differences in stretched penile length in the newborn and although congenital micropenis should be defined as a stretched penile length of less than 2.5SDS of the mean for the corresponding population and gestation, a pragmatic approach would be to evaluate all boys with a stretched penile length below 2 cm, as congenital micropenis can be a marker for a wide range of endocrine conditions. However, it remains unclear as to whether the state of micropenis, itself, is associated with any long-term consequences. There is a lack of systematic studies comparing the impact of different therapeutic options on long-term outcomes, in terms of genital appearance, quality of life and sexual satisfaction. To date, research has been hampered by a small sample size and inclusion of a wide range of heterogeneous diagnoses; for these reasons, condition specific outcomes have been difficult to compare between studies. Lastly, there is a need for a greater collaborative effort in collecting standardized data so that all real-world or experimental interventions performed at an early age can be studied systematically into adulthood.

Effectiveness of Directional Microphones and Noise Reduction Schemes in Hearing Aids: A Systematic Review of the Evidence

2005 ◽  
Vol 16 (07) ◽  
pp. 473-484 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth A. Bentler
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Noise Reduction ◽  
Hearing Aids ◽  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Careful Consideration ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Directional Microphones ◽  
Directional Microphone

A systematic review of the literature was undertaken to find evidence of real-world effectiveness of directional microphone and digital noise reduction features in current hearing aids. The evidence was drawn from randomized controlled trials, nonrandomized intervention studies, and descriptive studies. The quality of each study was evaluated for factors such as blinding, power of statistical analyses, and use of psychometrically strong outcome measures. Weaknesses in the identified studies included small sample size, resultant poor power to detect potentially worthwhile differences, and overlapping experimental conditions. Nine studies were identified for directional microphones, and the evidence (albeit weak) supports effectiveness. Two studies were identified for the noise reduction feature, and the evidence was equivocal. For the researcher, such a systematic review should encourage the careful consideration of appropriate methodologies for assessing feature effectiveness. For the clinician, the outcomes reported herein should encourage use of such a systematic review to drive clinical practice.

Identifying the determinants of Malaysian corporate Sukuk rating

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 432-448 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nur Amirah Borhan ◽  
Noryati Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Information Asymmetry ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Significant Variable ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Rating Agencies ◽  
High Level ◽  
Rating Category

Purpose This study aims to identify the determinants of Malaysian corporate Sukuk rating and attempts to find out which determinant has the most significant impact. Design/methodology/approach The framework tries to establish a relationship between firm’s size, profitability, Sukuk guarantee status and types of Sukuk with Sukuk rating from the perspective of Agency Theory and Information Asymmetry Theory. The data consist of 43 Sukuk issuances from 2006 to 2015. Multinomial Logistic Regression Model is then used to find out the significant determinants of Sukuk rating. Findings The study found that only three variables significantly impact Sukuk rating. The results show that a guaranteed Sukuk Ijarah or a guaranteed Sukuk Musyarakah that is issued by a highly profitable firm has a higher likelihood of getting rating AAA or rating AA as compared to getting rating A. A type of Sukuk, particularly Sukuk Murabahah, is the most significant variable influencing Sukuk rating. However, firm size is not a significant determinant of Sukuk rating in the context of this study. Research limitations implications The first limitation of the study is the relatively small sample size. Second, the study only tested four independent variables. Practical implications Several implications are derived from the results of the study. First, new firms that are planning to issue Sukuk should consistently maintain a high level of profit and consider issuing debt-based Sukuk to ensure that the issued Sukuk have higher rating. To increase the likelihood of getting higher rating, they should also consider providing a third-party guarantor. As for existing Sukuk issuers that are in lower rating category, they should increase their profitability to be upgraded to higher rating category. Second, risk-adverse investors should invest in highly profitable, guaranteed and debt-based Sukuk, as these Sukuk are likely to be in higher rating category and provide guarantee in terms of capital payments during liquidation or bankruptcy. Third, to reduce information asymmetry, policymakers should make it compulsory for all Sukuk issuers to have their Sukuk rated annually and make it mandatory for all rating agencies in Malaysia to publish their Sukuk rating methodologies. Originality/value This paper helps to expand the limited existing literature about the determinants of Sukuk rating, particularly for the Malaysian corporate Sukuk.

‘There is no sincerer love than the love of food’ (George Bernard Shaw, 1903): The meaning of food and its uses in prison subculture

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomer Einat ◽  
Moran Davidian
Keyword(s):  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Food Products ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Maximum Security ◽  
Maximum Security Prison ◽  
The Social ◽  
Bernard Shaw

This study examines the ways in which the prison service handles food and analyses the uses and meanings of food in prison subculture. Using semi-structured interviews and content analysis, data were collected and analysed from 20 ex-prisoners who were incarcerated in maximum-security prison facilities for a period of three years or more. Our main findings are that, according to the interviewees’ testimonies, (a) the Israel Prison Service (IPS) makes manipulative and abusive use of food in order to perpetuate its power; and (b) food serves as a means to determine the relationship between prisoners and staff, govern social status or rejection in the prison subculture, or pass the time. We have four main conclusions. First, the IPS nutrition policy differentiates and discriminates among prisoners and clearly violates the basic human rights of prisoners, thus suggesting an abuse of power. Second, the IPS’s use of food as a tool for punishing or rewarding introduces and perpetuates inequalities and encourages the illegal prison trade in food and food products. Third, cooking in prison, especially in light of its illegality, constitutes a symbolic expression of resistance to the institution and a meaningful way of coping with boredom. Lastly, food and its possession in prison serve as very powerful tools for constructing and perpetuating exploitation and unequal power relations among prisoners. Although the study suffers from two limitations – the validity of the adolescents’ responses and the small sample size – its findings lead us to propose that an improvement in the food products that are accessible to prisoners and permission to cook in their cells are inexpensive and legitimate means of bettering both the prisoners’ quality of life and the social atmosphere in prison.

An initial validation of a new quality of life measure for adults with intellectual disability: The Mini-MANS-LD

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-193
Author(s):  
Roman Raczka ◽  
Kate Theodore ◽  
Janice Williams
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Initial Study ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Life Measure ◽  
Acceptable Internal Consistency ◽  
Report Measure

There is an appropriate increasing focus on the need to ensure the voices of people with intellectual disability are captured as part of assessing individuals’ quality of life; however, there remains a lack of a consensus on ways to achieve this. This article describes the development of a self-report measure of quality of life for people with intellectual disability, the ‘Mini-MANS-LD’, based on the concepts of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs. Following use with 33 individuals with intellectual disability, the Mini-MANS-LD was found to have acceptable psychometric properties, including moderate congruent validity and acceptable internal consistency. Administrators’ feedback suggested good acceptability and feasibility, and the measure was relatively quick to administer, easy to use and acceptable to service users. Despite a small sample size, this initial study suggests that the Mini-MANS-LD may present a conceptually relevant, feasible and acceptable self-report measure of quality of life for people with intellectual disability.

Multimodal Remote Sensing Image Classification with Small Sample Size Based on High-Level Feature Fusion

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (11) ◽  
pp. 111001
Author(s):  
贺琪 Qi He ◽  
李瑶 Yao Li ◽  
宋巍 Wei Song ◽  
黄冬梅 Dongmei Huang ◽  
何盛琪 Shengqi He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Sample Size ◽  
Image Classification ◽  
Feature Fusion ◽  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Remote Sensing Image ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Remote Sensing Image Classification ◽  
High Level ◽  
High Level Feature

A debate about implementing immersive technology for higher education: Pre-study examining the usability of virtual reality for lectures

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 565-571
Author(s):  
Matej Hopp ◽  
Sandra Pfiel ◽  
René Mario Schuster ◽  
Florian Tiefenbacher ◽  
Michael Reiner
Keyword(s):  
Applied Sciences ◽  
Higher Education ◽  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Response Rate ◽  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Theoretical Background ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Advanced Technologies ◽  
University Of Applied Sciences

BACKGROUND: As the COVID-pandemic has shown, the need for innovative (digitalized) solutions is in high demand across almost every field of interest. The implementation of advanced technologies in higher education provides an intriguing opportunity to expand its scope by reaching new audiences as well as ensuring a high quality of learning outcome. OBJECTIVE: In this article we tried to examine if virtual reality can be a suitable option by placing lectures into a virtual setup. METHODS: First, we explored the theoretical background if and how virtual reality has been adapted for usage in higher education. We then asked five lecturers from the IMC University of Applied Sciences Krems to test a virtual environment (Mozilla Hubs) and evaluate the platform for their teaching purposes. RESULTS: Among one of the results was, that 80 percent would recommend using the platform for lectures to their colleagues. Due to the small sample size the findings need to be further evaluated. CONCLUSIONS: In the foreseeable future virtual reality will become a valuable teaching assistance in higher education. Findings show that the response rate when training with virtual reality applications is much higher than to common studying methods.

scholarly journals Copy number variation analysis of twin pairs discordant for cleft lip with or without cleft palate

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 205873841985587
Author(s):  
Luca Scapoli ◽  
Francesco Carinci ◽  
Annalisa Palmieri ◽  
Francesca Cura ◽  
Alessandro Baj ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cleft Palate ◽  
Copy Number ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Copy Number Variants ◽  
Monozygotic Twins ◽  
Monozygotic Twin ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
High Level

Non-syndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (nsCL/P) is a frequent orofacial malformation. The comparison of concordance rate observed in monozygotic and dizygotic twins supports high level of heritability and a strong genetic component. However, phenotype concordance for orofacial cleft in monozygotic twins is about 50%. The aim of the present investigation was to detect postzygotic events that may account for discordance in monozygotic twins. High-density SNP microarrays hybridization was used to genotype two pairs of monozygotic twins discordant for nsCL/P. Discordant SNP genotypes and copy number variants were analyzed to identify genetic differences responsible of phenotype discrepancy. A number of differences were observed, none involving known nsCL/P candidate genes or genomic regions. Considering the limitation of the study, related to the small sample size and to the large-scale investigation method, the results suggest that the detection of discordant events in other monozygotic twin pairs would be remarkable and warrant further investigations.

scholarly journals Motivation of forming professional competences of students in the field of energy saving

2020 ◽  
Vol 164 ◽  
pp. 12023
Author(s):  
Yana Zolotukhina ◽  
Tatyana Makarova ◽  
Sergey Dakhin ◽  
Ekaterina Prokshits
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Energy Saving ◽  
Technical Education ◽  
Social And Economic Development ◽  
Intellectual Potential

Now one of the most important factors of social and economic development of Russia is education that is dictated by shortcoming of competent professionals of the corresponding profile of society. Improvement of quality of training of students in the system of technical education in general and in the field of energy saving plays not the last role in strengthening of intellectual potential of the country. For increase in motivation of students several methods and the technician allowing to increase considerably the level of interest of students subject and field of activity have been analyzed and offered.

Issues of Social and Economic Development of Siberian Village of the Early XX Century in Works of V.G. Tyukavkin

10.12737/6230 ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 46-49
Author(s):  
Иванцова ◽  
N. Ivantsova
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Land Tenure ◽  
Research Methodology ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Oil Production ◽  
Vast Array ◽  
Social And Economic Development ◽  
High Level ◽  
Soviet Historiography

The article analyzes the early works of famous Professor V.G. Tyukavkin. In particular, it reveals issues of research methodology, presents the conceptual vision of the problems of social and economic development of Siberian village of the early twentieth century. V.G. Tyukavkin was a supporter of the theory of a sufficiently high level of development of productive forces in agriculture of Siberia. Analyzing the questions of land tenure, land use, farming systems, cooperation, differentiation of the Siberian peasantry, he within the dominant methodology concludes that the region ripe for revolution. The article at the same time shows impartiality of the researcher, who, despite existing views, studied a vast array of dataand showed that Siberia had been turned into a granary of Russia demonstrating high performance and European quality (and oftensurpassed it, i.e. in oil production). The author for the first time in Soviet historiography raised the question of new forms of the organization of peasant production in Siberia – cooperation.

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