scholarly journals Comparative study of microbial inoculants of cultivated and virgin soils of Nilgiri Biosphere for plant growth promotion

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 293-298
Author(s):  
P. Raja ◽  
V.P. Santhi
Keyword(s):  
Field Trial ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Soil Condition ◽  
Virgin Soil ◽  
Undisturbed Soil ◽  
Beneficial Microbes

In virgin soils, microorganisms and plants live in harmony and both are dependent on each other for their livelihood. Absence of cultivation practices, undisturbed soil condition, high organic matter condition and other favourable conditions enables to flourish beneficial microbes. The research work was started to identify beneficial microbes from undisturbed virgin soils of Nilgiri biosphere with the ability to grow under low pH and under low temeperature conditions. Bio-inoculants viz., Azospirillum, Phosphobacteria, Azotobacter, Rhizobium and pseudomonas were obtained from cultivated and virgin soil samples of Nilgiris biosphere. When compared with type cultures, virgin soil isolates of respective inoculants have recorded better results in promoting plant dry weight in paper towel method. In cross streak assay, selected isolates found to be compatible with each other. In lignite carrier base formulation, the inoculants have reached a maximum population level of 107 and phosphobacteria reached 108 level. The population remained steady at this level up to 3 months. In the field trial studies conducted, the treatment of Azospirillum + Azotobacter + Phosphobacteria + Pseudomonas + 75% RDF has recorded maximum population of all the inoculants at 45th day after sowing. However, the maximum yield was observed in 100% RDF and bio-inoculant consortium applied treatment. This was closely followed by 75% RDF and bio-inoculant consortium applied plots. The results of the field trial have shown that bio-inoculant consortium along with 75% RDF application will lead to maximum yield with 25% saving in chemical fertilizer application.

scholarly journals Pectin-Rich Amendment Enhances Soybean Growth Promotion and Nodulation Mediated by Bacillus Velezensis Strains

Plants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad K. Hassan ◽  
John A. McInroy ◽  
Jarrod Jones ◽  
Deepak Shantharaj ◽  
Mark R. Liles ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Bradyrhizobium Japonicum ◽  
Field Trial ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Orange Peel ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Soybean Seeds ◽  
Bacillus Velezensis ◽  
Greenhouse Tests

Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are increasingly used in crops worldwide. While selected PGPR strains can reproducibly promote plant growth under controlled greenhouse conditions, their efficacy in the field is often more variable. Our overall aim was to determine if pectin or orange peel (OP) amendments to Bacillus velezensis (Bv) PGPR strains could increase soybean growth and nodulation by Bradyrhizobium japonicum in greenhouse and field experiments to reduce variability. The treatments included untreated soybean seeds planted in field soil that contained Bv PGPR strains and non-inoculated controls with and without 0.1% (w/v) pectin or (1 or 10 mg/200 μL) orange peel (OP) amendment. In greenhouse and field tests, 35 and 55 days after planting (DAP), the plants were removed from pots, washed, and analyzed for treatment effects. In greenhouse trials, the rhizobial inoculant was not added with Bv strains and pectin or OP amendment, but in the field trial, a commercial B. japonicum inoculant was used with Bv strains and pectin amendment. In the greenhouse tests, soybean seeds inoculated with Bv AP193 and pectin had significantly increased soybean shoot length, dry weight, and nodulation by indigenous Bradyrhizobium compared to AP193 without pectin. In the field trial, pectin with Bv AP193 significantly increased the shoot length, dry weight, and nodulation of a commercial Bradyrhizobium japonicum compared to Bv AP193 without pectin. In greenhouse tests, OP amendment with AP193 at 10 mg significantly increased the dry weight of shoots and roots compared to AP193 without OP amendment. The results demonstrate that pectin-rich amendments can enhance Bv-mediated soybean growth promotion and nodulation by indigenous and inoculated B. japonicum.

Effect of the endophytic plant growth promoting Enterobacter ludwigii EB4B on tomato growth

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 54-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.E.A. Bendaha ◽  
H.A. Belaouni
Keyword(s):  
Root Length ◽  
Biocontrol Agent ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Enterobacter Ludwigii ◽  
Tomato Growth

SummaryThis study aims to develop a biocontrol agent against Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. radicis-lycopersici (FORL) in tomato. For this, a set of 23 bacterial endophytic isolates has been screened for their ability to inhibit in vitro the growth of FORL using the dual plate assay. Three isolates with the most sound antagonistic activity to FORL have been qualitatively screened for siderophore production, phosphates solubilization and indolic acetic acid (IAA) synthesis as growth promotion traits. Antagonistic values of the three candidates against FORL were respectively: 51.51 % (EB4B), 51.18 % (EB22K) and 41.40 % (EB2A). Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the isolates EB4B and EB22K were closely related to Enterobacter ludwigii EN-119, while the strain EB2A has been assigned to Leclercia adecarboxylata NBRC 102595. The promotion of tomato growth has been assessed in vitro using the strains EB2A, EB4B and EB22K in presence of the phytopathogen FORL. The treatments with the selected isolates increased significantly the root length and dry weight. Best results were observed in isolate EB4B in terms of growth promotion in the absence of FORL, improving 326.60 % of the root length and 142.70 % of plant dry weight if compared with untreated controls. In the presence of FORL, the strain EB4B improved both root length (180.81 %) and plant dry weight (202.15 %). These results encourage further characterization of the observed beneficial effect of Enterobacter sp. EB4B for a possible use as biofertilizer and biocontrol agent against FORL.

Growth, Nodulation and Nitrogen Fixation in Stylosanthes: Effect of Different Root Temperatures at two Shoot Temperatures

1989 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 447-460 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Date ◽  
D. Ratcliff
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Strong Interactions ◽  
Root Temperature ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Stylosanthes Hamata ◽  
Nitrogen Yields ◽  
Controlled Environments

SUMMARYNodulated plants of Stylosanthes hamata, S. guianensis, S. humilis, S. scabra and S. fruticosa were grown in controlled environments with varied root and shoot temperatures. Measurement of dry matter and nitrogen content suggested that shoot temperature may be more important than root temperature in controlling growth and nitrogen fixation. There were strong interactions with variety. A fall in relative growth rate with increase in shoot temperature was least for S. guianensis and greatest for S. hamata and S. scabra. The optimum root temperature for growth and nitrogen fixation was approximately 30°C. Ninety percent maximum yield was achieved between root temperatures of 15–36°C for growth and 23–34°C for nitrogen fixation but varied with variety. Nitrogen fixation was more sensitive than dry weight to root temperature. The pattern of response of percentage nitrogen and nitrogen fixation efficiency reflected those for dry weight and nitrogen yields. Shoot to root ratios decreased toward the optimum root temperature then increased at the highest temperature. The reaction of varieties to root and shoot temperatures may be an important factor in determining their suitability for new regions.

scholarly journals Isolation and Characterization of Nodule-AssociatedExiguobacterium sp. from the Root Nodules ofFenugreek(Trigonella foenum-graecum) and Their Possible Role in Plant Growth Promotion

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geetha Rajendran ◽  
Maheshwari H. Patel ◽  
Sanket J. Joshi
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Growth Promotion ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Root Nodules ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Associated Bacteria ◽  
Trigonella Foenum Graecum ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Root And Shoot Length

One of the ways to increase the competitive survivability of rhizobial biofertilizers and thus achieve better plant growth under such conditions is by modifying the rhizospheric environment or community by addition of nonrhizobial nodule-associated bacteria (NAB) that cause better nodulation and plant growth when coinoculated with rhizobia. A study was performed to investigate the most commonly associated nodule-associated bacteria and the rhizospheric microorganisms associated with theFenugreek(Trigonella foenum-graecum) plant. Isolation of nonrhizobial isolates from root nodules ofFenugreekwas carried out along with the rhizospheric isolates. About 64.7% isolates obtained fromFenugreeknodules were gram-negative coccobacilli, 29.41% were gram-positive bacilli, and all rhizospheric isolates except one were gram-positive bacilli. All the isolates were characterized for their plant growth promoting (PGP) activities. Two of the NAB isolates M2N2c and B1N2b (Exiguobacterium sp.) showed maximum positive PGP features. Those NAB isolates when coinoculated with rhizobial strain—S. meliloti, showed plant growth promotion with respect to increase in plant’s root and shoot length, chlorophyll content, nodulation efficiency, and nodule dry weight.

scholarly journals Horticultural Characteristics and Susceptibility of Table Beet Cultivars to Cercospora Leaf Spot in New York

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 530-538 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah J. Pethybridge ◽  
Niloofar Vaghefi ◽  
Julie R. Kikkert
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Field Trial ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Disease Assessment ◽  
Canopy Reflectance ◽  
Cercospora Leaf Spot ◽  
Disease Progress

Table beet (Beta vulgaris ssp. vulgaris) production in New York is increasing for direct sale, use in value-added products, or processing. One of the most important diseases affecting table beet is cercospora leaf spot (CLS) caused by the fungus Cercospora beticola. CLS causes lesions on leaves that coalesce and leads to premature defoliation. The presence of CLS may cause buyer rejection at fresh markets. Defoliation from CLS may also result in crop loss because of the inability to harvest with top-pulling machinery. The susceptibility of popular table beet cultivars (Boldor, Detroit, Falcon, Merlin, Rhonda, Ruby Queen, and Touchstone Gold) to CLS was tested using C. beticola isolates representative of the New York population. Two trials were conducted by inoculating 6-week-old plants in the misting chamber. A small-plot replicated field trial was also conducted to examine horticultural characteristics of the cultivars. In the misting chamber trials, disease progress measured by the area under the disease progress stairs (AUDPS) was not significantly different between the red cultivars, Detroit and Ruby Queen, and was significantly higher in ‘Boldor’ than the other yellow cultivar Touchstone Gold. In the field trial, the number of CLS lesions per leaf at the final disease assessment and AUDPS were significantly lower in cultivar Ruby Queen than others and not significantly different between the yellow cultivars. The dry weight of roots was not significantly different among cultivars at first harvest (77 days after planting). At 112 days after planting, the dry weight of roots was significantly higher in cultivar Detroit than Rhonda and Boldor. Leaf blade length and the length:width ratio were cultivar-dependent, which may facilitate selection for specific fresh markets. Significant associations between canopy reflectance in the near infrared (IR) (830 nm), dry weight of foliage, and number of CLS lesions per leaf suggested that this technique may have utility for remote assessment of these variables in table beet research. Implications of these findings for the management of CLS in table beet are discussed.

scholarly journals The Effect of Bacillus licheniformis MH48 on Control of Foliar Fungal Diseases and Growth Promotion of Camellia oleifera Seedlings in the Coastal Reclaimed Land of Korea

Pathogens ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sang-Jae Won ◽  
Jun-Hyeok Kwon ◽  
Dong-Hyun Kim ◽  
Young-Sang Ahn
Keyword(s):  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Bacillus Licheniformis ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Fungal Diseases ◽  
Camellia Oleifera ◽  
Bacterial Inoculation ◽  
Lytic Enzymes ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Reclaimed Land

This study investigated the control of foliar fungal diseases and growth promotion of Camellia oleifera seedlings in coastal reclaimed land through the use of Bacillus licheniformis MH48. B. licheniformis MH48 can produce lytic enzymes chitinase and β-1,3-glucanase that can inhibit foliar pathogens by 37.4 to 50.5%. Nevertheless, foliar diseases appeared in the seedlings with bacterial inoculation, and their survival rate decreased because they were unable to withstand salt stress. However, B. licheniformis MH48 significantly increased the total nitrogen and phosphorus contents in the soils through fixing atmospheric nitrogen and solubilizing phosphorus. The growth of seedlings with bacterial inoculation increased, particularly in root dry weight, by 7.42 g plant−1, which was 1.7-fold greater than that of the control. B. licheniformis MH48 produces the phytohormone auxin, which potentially stimulates seedling root growth. C. oleifera seedlings significantly increased in total nitrogen content to 317.57 mg plant−1 and total phosphorus content to 46.86 mg plant−1. Our results revealed the effectiveness of B. licheniformis MH48 not only in the control of foliar fungal diseases but also in the growth promotion of C. oleifera seedlings in coastal lands.

Seedling growth and nutrient relationships in a New Jersey Pine Barrens soil treated with "acid rain"

1986 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 136-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
George A. Schier
Keyword(s):  
New Jersey ◽  
Acid Rain ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growth Stimulation ◽  
Pine Barrens ◽  
Soil Cores ◽  
Soil Leachate ◽  
Undisturbed Soil ◽  
Nutrient Contents

The effects of simulated acid rain solutions on growth of pitch pine (Pinusrigida Mill.) seedlings in undisturbed soil cores from the New Jersey Pine Barrens were examined. Solutions of pH 5.6, 4.0, and 3.0 (SO42−–Cl−–NO3−, 4:2:1), totaling 1.4 times annual ambient precipitation, were applied directly to soil cores from the A horizon during a 1-year period. By varying photoperiod and diurnal temperature, two growing "seasons" with an intervening dormant period were simulated. Soil chemistry, soil leachate chemistry, seedling nutrition, and seedling growth were monitored. Seedling dry weight was significantly greater at pH 3.0 than at the less acid treatments. Foliar nutrient contents indicated that growth stimulation at pH 3.0 probably resulted because of increased availability of nitrogen and input of nutrient cations from acid-induced weathering of soil minerals. There were sharp increases in Ca and Mg leaching when the pH of the irrigating solution was lowered, but solution acidity had little effect on depletion of K. Declines in nutrient leaching during the experiment indicated that weatherable cations were becoming depleted. Although Al mobility was greatly accelerated by an increase in acid inputs, Al toxicity symptoms were not observed.

scholarly journals Pertumbuhan Semai Sengon (Paraserianthes Falcataria (L.) Nielsen) Pada Media Tanah Bekas Tambang Kapur Dengan Penambahan Pupuk Kompos Dan NPK

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-57
Author(s):  
Basuki Wasis ◽  
Siti Halimatus Sa'idah
Keyword(s):  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Root Nodules ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Soil Condition ◽  
Major Effect ◽  
Paraserianthes Falcataria ◽  
Soil Medium ◽  
Mining Sites ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Npk Fertilizer

Limestone mining activities are damaging soil and enviroment. Revegetation becomes an obligation on every mining sites. Paraserianthes falcataria is one of many species that suitable to be planted in revegetation site. Adding compost and NPK fertilizer can improve soil’s condition. This research objective is to analyze the effect of compost and NPK fertilizer on Paraserianthes falcataria seedlings growth and the exact appropriate dosage for limestone mining’s soil condition improvement. The design used in this research is completely randomized design with two factors. The result shows that addtion of compost on tailing media doesn’t give major effect or statistically not significant on seedling growth of height, diameter, the amount of root nodules, and shoot-root ratio, but statistically significant on wet and dry weight of the seedlings. NPK fertilizer addition on tailing media is statistically significant on the seedling growth of diameter, wet weight, and shoot-root ratio, but not significant different on height, dry weight, and the amount of root nodules. Interaction between compost and NPK fertilizer on media gives effect only at 95% of confidence level. K1N5 sample (with 100 gram composts and 5 gram of NPK fertilizer) gives the best respond on seedling’s growth. Very high levels of Ca in the soil medium will be toxic to the Paraserianthes Falcataria plant.Keywords: Compost, limestone mining, NPK fertilizer, Paraserianthes falcataria

scholarly journals Morpho- biochemical evaluation of Brassica rapa sub-species for salt tolerance

Genetika ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 323-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sohail Jan ◽  
Zabta Shinwari ◽  
Malik Rabbani
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Brassica Rapa ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Maximum Tolerance ◽  
Yellow Type

Salt stress is one of the key abiotic stresses that affect both the qualitative and quantitative characters of many Brassica rapa sub-species by disturbing its normal morphobiochemical processes. Therefore, the present research work was designed to study the effect of different NaCl events (0, 50,100 and 150 mmol) on morphological and biochemical characters and to screen salt tolerant genotypes among brown, yellow and toria types of B. rapa sub-species. The plants were grown in test tubes with addition of four level of NaCl (0, 50,100 and 150 mmol). The effect of salinity on shoot and root length, shoot/ root fresh and dry weight, relative water content (RWC), proline and chlorophyll a, b, a+b contents was recorded after 4 weeks of sowing. The genotype 22861 (brown type) showed excellent morphological and biochemical performance at all stress levels followed by Toria-Sathi and Toria-A respectively as compared to Check variety TS-1. The genotype 26158 (yellow type) gave very poor performance and retard growth. The %RWC values and chlorophyll a, b and a+b contents were decreased several folds with the increase of salt concentration. While, the proline contents was increased with raising of salt stress. The brown and toria types showed maximum tolerance to salt stress at early germination stages as compare to yellows one. The present study will serve as model to develop quick salt tolerant genotypes among different plant sub-species against salt stress.

scholarly journals Production characteristics of the diatom Cylindrotheca closterium (Ehrenb.) Reimann et Lewin grown in an intensive culture at various nitrogen sources in the medium

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. N. Zheleznova
Keyword(s):  
Stationary Phase ◽  
Nitrogen Source ◽  
Nutrient Medium ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Sole Source ◽  
Active Growth ◽  
Cylindrotheca Closterium ◽  
Production Characteristics

The diatom Cylindrotheca closterium (Ehrenberg) Reimann et Levin is characterized by high productivity (up to 1.5 g·l-1·day-1) and the ability to accumulate a valuable carotenoid fucoxanthin (up to 2 % of dry weight). In the development of biotechnology based on microalgae, the key issue is the creation of concentrated nutrient medium. Nitrogen is one of the most important components in the nutrient medium that significantly affects the production characteristics of all microalgae. The aim of this study is to compare the production characteristics of C. closterium in an intensive storage culture using different forms of nitrogen in the medium. In the first experiment, nitrate and sodium nitrite, urea, and nitrogen in the form of ammonium were used as a source of nitrogen. The amount of nitrates, nitrites, ammonium, and urea in the medium was calculated from the nitrogen content of the RS nutrient medium, with a nitrogen to phosphorus ratio of 15 : 1. In the second experiment, amino acids were used as a nitrogen source – arginine, asparagine, cysteine. The possibility of using the microalgae C. closterium for the growth of various organic sources of nitrogen (urea, cysteine, asparagine) was shown. Productive characteristics in the intensive storage culture of C. closterium using urea, cysteine, and asparagine as the sole source of nitrogen in the RS nutrient medium were determined. It is shown that when urea was used, the productivity reached its maximum values and amounted to 1.5 g·l-1·day-1. Thus, the expediency of using urea in the medium for obtaining the maximum yield of biomass was shown. The use of cysteine in the stationary phase of growth to achieve a long stationary phase with minimal concentrations of the nitrogen source in the nutrient medium is also advisable. It was found that C. closterium was able to grow and vegetate at sufficiently high concentrations of nitrite, and the addition of nitrogen in ammonium form to the nutrient medium during the active growth of C. closterium led to inhibition of all metabolic processes and to the death of the culture.

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