Regional differences in cardiac mortality rates in Russia: the role of statistical features

Aim. To analyze the contribution of cardiac causes to all-cause mortality, to characterize the differences in standardized mortality rates (SMRs) in Russian regions, as well as to identify promising directions for improving establishment of cardiovascular death and its coding.Material and methods. We used the Federal State Statistics Service (Rosstat) data on the mortality rate and the average annual population in one-year age groups for 2019. To calculate the SMR, the European Standard Population was used. For each cardiac death, the SMR from 23 causes was calculated, which were combined into 4 groups, and for each of these groups, the regional mean and standard deviation of SMR in Russian regions were estimated.Results. In 2019, the cardiac SMR in Russian regions was 301,02±77,67, which corresponded to 30,5±5,8% of all death causes. At the same time, the coefficient of variation of regional cardiac SMR was 25,8%. In general, in 60,9±13,8% of cases, the cause of cardiac death was chronic diseases, mainly related to atherosclerosis. The proportion of deaths from acute types of coronary artery disease was 17,3±9,7%, deaths not associated with atherosclerosis (heart defects, myocardial diseases, etc.) — 17,5±8,2%, deaths associated with hypertension — 4,2±5,2%. The coefficient of variation of regional SMR was 34,66, 64,47, 50,99 and 122,7, respectively.Conclusion. Significant regional differences in SMR from certain cardiac causes and groups of causes, as well as their contribution to mortality pattern, were revealed. It is necessary to continue the research on the methodology of statistical recording of certain cardiovascular diseases.

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Mortality Rates in Russian Regions in the Context of the COVID-19 Pandemic

REGIONOLOGY ◽

10.15507/2413-1407.116.029.202103.666-685 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 29 (3) ◽

pp. 666-685

Author(s):

Pavel V. Druzhinin ◽

Ekaterina V. Molchanova

Keyword(s):

Geographical Location ◽

Economic Recession ◽

Mortality Rates ◽

Federal State ◽

Strong Impact ◽

Regression Equations ◽

Russian Regions ◽

Managerial Decisions ◽

European Part Of Russia ◽

Demographic Processes

Introduction. The COVID-19 (coronavirus) pandemic has had a strong impact on the socio-economic situation in the country, especially on demographic processes. The article analyzes the change in the mortality rates in Russian regions and assesses the influence of various factors on them during the pandemic. Materials and Methods. The paper examined data from the Federal State Statistics Service on mortality rates in Russian regions. Based on the graphs analyzed and regression equations built, the factors that determined the increase in mortality rates during the pandemic and the degree of their influence were identified. Results. Changes in the rates of morbidity and mortality in Russian regions depended on the development of the healthcare system, demographic, socio-economic, and geographical factors, as well as on the actions of regional and federal authorities. The geographical location of the regions turned out to be the determining factor. The highest mortality rates were found in the regions located in the center of the European part of Russia at the intersection of transport routes. In some months, high mortality rates were observed in the regions bordering China, Kazakhstan, and Finland. The proportion of pensioners and the degree of decline in personal income were also significant. Discussion and Conclusion. Calculations have shown that at the beginning of both waves of the pandemic, the increase in mortality rates depended on the provision of the population of the regions with doctors and hospital beds. In the spring, the restrictions imposed restrained the spread of the disease, but led to an economic recession and an increase in unemployment. In the autumn, less severe restrictions were introduced, which led to a significant increase in mortality rates and a slight decline in the economy. The research results can be used to optimize the managerial decisions in the field of medical and demographic policy.

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Age, time and cohort factors in mortality from cancer of the cervix

Journal of Hygiene ◽

10.1017/s0022172400022725 ◽

1973 ◽

Vol 71 (2) ◽

pp. 253-259 ◽

Cited By ~ 29

Author(s):

J. C. Barrett

Keyword(s):

Age Groups ◽

Mortality Rates ◽

Age Group ◽

Mortality Pattern ◽

England And Wales ◽

Cancer Of The Cervix

SUMMARYData for mortality from cancer of the cervix in England and Wales by 5-year age groups and four quinquennia (1951–70) are analysed. The logarithms of the mortality rates are regressed on age group, epoch of death and epoch of birth. The factors obtained are considered in relation to particular features of the mortality pattern, such as the reversal of trend in certain age groups.

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Changes in mortality rates from acute types of coronary artery disease in Russia for the period from 2015 to 2019

Russian Journal of Cardiology ◽

10.15829/1560-4071-2021-4441 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (5) ◽

pp. 4441

Author(s):

O. M. Drapkina ◽

M. G. Bubnova ◽

I. V. Samorodskaya ◽

O. A. Akulova ◽

D. M. Aronov

Keyword(s):

Coronary Artery Disease ◽

Coronary Artery ◽

Mortality Rates ◽

Federal State ◽

Russian Regions ◽

Classification Of Diseases ◽

Icd 10 ◽

International Statistical Classification ◽

Acute Mi ◽

Artery Disease

Aim. To identify regional specifics of changes in mortality rates from acute types of coronary artery disease (CAD) in 82 Russian regions for the period from 2015 to 2019.Material and methods. The study used data from the Federal State Statistics Service of Russia on mortality from acute CAD types in 82 Russian regions. Standardized death rates (SDRs) for 2015 and 2019 were estimated based on the European standard. We analyzed the SDRs of the population from acute (primary) and recurrent myocardial infarction (MI), other acute CAD types (I21-I22, I24.8 in the 10th revision of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD-10)).Results. Over the period from 2015 to 2019, mortality from all acute CAD types decreased by 21%, from acute MI — by 9%, from recurrent MI — by 22%, from any MI (acute/recurrent) recurrent — by 14%, and from other CAD types — by 21%. A decrease in mortality from all acute CAD types was recorded in 69 regions, from acute MI — in 58 regions, and recurrent MI — in 62 regions. However, a simultaneous decrease in SDRs from each of the acute CAD types (acute MI, recurrent MI and other acute CAD types) for the period 2015-2019 occurred only in 29 Russian regions. An increase in mortality from all acute CAD types was noted in 14 regions and from any MI — in 21 regions. The coefficient of variation (Cv) for recurrent MI and other acute CAD types of 69% and 103%, respectively, in 2015 and its growth (up to 75% and 134%, respectively) by 2019 indicate growing problems with the coding of death causes.Conclusion. In 2019, compared to 2015, a decrease in mortality from acute CAD types was recorded in most Russian regions. The identified regional specifics require clarification of approaches to death cause coding and the introduction of additions to mortality reduction programs, taking into account the specifics of each Russian region.

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Cardiovascular diseases mortality and alcohol control policy in Lithuania: exploring a possible link

BMC Public Health ◽

10.1186/s12889-021-12177-7 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Ricardas Radisauskas ◽

Kawon Victoria Kim ◽

Shannon Lange ◽

Vaida Liutkute-Gumarov ◽

Olga Mesceriakova-Veliuliene ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mortality Rate ◽

Age Groups ◽

Control Policy ◽

Mortality Rates ◽

Cerebrovascular Diseases ◽

Alcohol Policy ◽

Alcohol Control ◽

European Standard Population ◽

Icd 10 ◽

Cvd Mortality

Abstract Background Lithuania possesses one of the highest alcohol per capita consumption and has previously implemented alcohol control policies to reduce the alcohol-attributable burden. The aim of this study was to investigate Lithuanian cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality rate trends between 2001 and 2018 and to explore a possible link between CVD mortality rate and alcohol control policy implementation. Methods Lithuanian population mortality and alcohol consumption data for 2001–2018 were obtained from Statistics Lithuania and The State Register of Death Cases and Their Causes, Institute of Hygiene. Sex-specific CVD mortality rates were directly standardized to the European standard population by five-year age groups and categorized according to the ICD-10 codes for all CVDs (I00-I99), ischemic heart disease (IHD) (I20-I25), cerebrovascular diseases (I60-I69) and alcoholic cardiomyopathy (ACM) (I42.6). Joinpoint regression analyses were performed to identify points of inflection to explore their alignment with five selected alcohol policy enactments. Results Overall, the 2001–2018 yearly mortality rates for all CVDs significantly decreased on average by − 1.6% (95% CI -2.0, − 1.2%) among men and − 2.1% (95% CI -2.5, − 1.8%) among women. Yearly changes in all CVDs, IHD, cerebrovascular diseases and ACM mortality rates were insignificant prior to their respective critical year points in 2006, 2005, 2008 and 2007, but significantly decreased afterwards by an average of − 2.4% (95% CI -2.7, − 2.0%), − 1.6% (95% CI -2.1, − 1.1%), − 1.2% (95 CI -1.7, − 0.6%) and − 4.5% (95% CI -7.3, − 1.6%) among men, and by − 2.7% (95% CI -3.0, − 2.3%), − 2.0% (95% CI -2.6, − 1.4%), − 1.8% (95% CI 2.4, − 1.3%) and − 6.6% (95% CI -10.7, − 2.2%) among women, respectively. The changes in the mortality rate trends for all CVDs, IHD, cerebrovascular diseases and especially ACM coincided with alcohol policies enacted on the January 1, 2008, January 1, 2009, April 1, 2014 and March 1, 2017. Conclusions Yearly mortality rates for all CVDs, IHD, cerebrovascular diseases and ACM have declined in Lithuania between 2001 and 2018, and declining trends were more prominent in women than in men. Among the ICD-10 CVD categories investigated, the points of inflection identified for the ACM mortality rate trend coincided best with the selected alcohol policy enactment dates.

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Effects of socio-economic factors on old-age mortality in Russia

Успехи геронтологии ◽

10.34922/ae.2021.34.6.013 ◽

2022 ◽

pp. 910-918

Author(s):

Г. Л. Сафарова ◽

В.А. Кипяткова ◽

А. А. Сафарова

Keyword(s):

Old Age ◽

Russian Federation ◽

Regional Differences ◽

Age Groups ◽

Mortality Rates ◽

Economic Factors ◽

Demographic Development ◽

Female Population ◽

The Russian Federation ◽

Socio Economic Factors

Исследование смертности занимает важное место в демографии в целом и в особенности в демографии старения. России свойственна неоднородность демографического развития, в частности региональная дифференциация показателей смертности населения. Работа посвящена анализу зависимости смертности в регионах России в старших возрастных группах от социально-экономических показателей. Исследование проводили с использованием методов регрессионного анализа, где в качестве единиц наблюдения выступали субъекты РФ, в качестве объясняемой переменной - смертность мужского (женского) населения старшего (60+) возраста, представленная в виде стандартизованных по структуре населения коэффициентов. В результате работы выявлены значимые социально-экономические факторы, позволяющие объяснить различия уровней смертности в субъектах РФ. Studies of old-age mortality are an important part of demography, especially the demography of ageing. Demographic development of Russia is characterized by heterogeneity including regional differences in mortality. The aim of the paper is to analyze the dependence of mortality at old-age groups on socio-economic indicators. The study is conducted using methods of regression analysis; the units of observation are the regions of the Russian Federation, the explained variable is the mortality rate of male (female) population at older (60+) ages standardized by the population-age structure. As a result, the significant socio-economic factors, explaining the differences of mortality rates in the regions of the Russian Federation, were identified.

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Inequalities and Impact of Socioeconomic-Cultural Factors in Suicide Rates Across Italy

Crisis ◽

10.1027/0227-5910/a000084 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 32 (4) ◽

pp. 178-185 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Maurizio Pompili ◽

Marco Innamorati ◽

Monica Vichi ◽

Maria Masocco ◽

Nicola Vanacore ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Suicide Rate ◽

Age Groups ◽

Premature Death ◽

Mortality Rates ◽

Mortality Data ◽

Italian Population ◽

Comprehensive Overview ◽

Suicide Rates ◽

Younger Age ◽

Age And Sex

Background: Suicide is a major cause of premature death in Italy and occurs at different rates in the various regions. Aims: The aim of the present study was to provide a comprehensive overview of suicide in the Italian population aged 15 years and older for the years 1980–2006. Methods: Mortality data were extracted from the Italian Mortality Database. Results: Mortality rates for suicide in Italy reached a peak in 1985 and declined thereafter. The different patterns observed by age and sex indicated that the decrease in the suicide rate in Italy was initially the result of declining rates in those aged 45+ while, from 1997 on, the decrease was attributable principally to a reduction in suicide rates among the younger age groups. It was found that socioeconomic factors underlined major differences in the suicide rate across regions. Conclusions: The present study confirmed that suicide is a multifaceted phenomenon that may be determined by an array of factors. Suicide prevention should, therefore, be targeted to identifiable high-risk sociocultural groups in each country.

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Regional differences in mortality rates during the COVID-19 epidemic in Italy

Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness ◽

10.1017/dmp.2020.486 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-22

Author(s):

Danila Azzolina ◽

Giulia Lorenzoni ◽

Luciano Silvestri ◽

Ilaria Prosepe ◽

Paola Berchialla ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Regional Differences ◽

Southern Italy ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Analysis Data ◽

Mortality Rates ◽

Northern Italy ◽

Admission Rates ◽

Considerable Impact ◽

The Difference ◽

Disease Diffusion

Abstract Objective The COVID-19 outbreak started in Italy on February 20th, 2020, and has resulted in many deaths and intensive care unit (ICU) admissions. This study aimed to illustrate the epidemic COVID-19 growth pattern in Italy by considering the regional differences in disease diffusion during the first three months of the epidemic. Study design and methods Official COVID-19 data were obtained from the Italian Civil Protection Department of the Council of Ministers Presidency. The mortality and ICU admission rates per 100 000 inhabitants were calculated at the regional level and summarized via a Bayesian multilevel meta-analysis. Data were retrieved until April 21st, 2020. Results The highest cumulative mortality rates per 100 000 inhabitants were observed in northern Italy, particularly in Lombardia (85.3, 95% credibility intervals [CI] 75.7–94.7). The difference in the mortality rates between northern and southern Italy increased over time, reaching a difference of 67.72 (95% CI = 66–67) cases on April 2nd. Conclusions Northern Italy showed higher and increasing mortality rates during the first three months of the epidemic. The uncontrolled virus circulation preceding the infection spreading in southern Italy had a considerable impact on system burnout. This experience demonstrates that preparedness against the pandemic is of crucial importance to contain its disruptive effects.

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82 The Significant Burden of Burn Injuries in the Middle East: An Epidemiological Study of Nineteen Countries over 27 Years

Journal of Burn Care & Research ◽

10.1093/jbcr/irab032.086 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 42 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. S56-S57

Author(s):

Zachary J Collier ◽

Yasmina Samaha ◽

Priyanka Naidu ◽

Katherine J Choi ◽

Christopher H Pham ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Middle East ◽

Age Groups ◽

Mortality Rates ◽

Burn Injuries ◽

Burn Care ◽

Life Years ◽

Significant Burden ◽

Mortality Ratio ◽

Incident Cases ◽

Age And Sex

Abstract Introduction Despite ongoing improvements in burn care around the world, the burden of burn morbidity and mortality has remined a significant challenge in the Middle East due to ongoing conflicts, economic crises, social disparities, and dangerous living conditions. Here, we examine the epidemiology of burn injuries in the Middle East (ME) relative to socio-demographic index (SDI), age, and sex in order to better define regional hotspots that may benefit most from sustainability and capacity building initiatives. Methods Computational modeling from the 2017 Global Burden of Disease (GBD17) database was used to extrapolate burn data about the nineteen countries that define the ME. Using the GBD17, the yearly incidence, deaths, and Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) from 1990 to 2017 were defined with respect to age and sex as rates of cases, deaths, and years per 100,000 persons, respectively. Mortality ratio represents the percentage of deaths relative to incident cases. Data from 2017 was spatially mapped using heat-mapping for the region. Results Over 27 years in the ME, an estimated 18,289,496 burns and 308,361 deaths occurred causing 24.5 million DALYs. Burn incidence decreased by 5% globally but only 1% in the ME. Although global incidence continued to decline, most ME countries exhibit steady increases since 2004. Compared to global averages, higher mortality rates (2.8% vs 2.0%) and DALYs (205 vs 152 years) were observed in the Middle East during this time although the respective disparities narrowed by 95% and 42% by 2017. Yemen had the worst death and DALY rates all 27 years with 2 and 2.2 times the ME average, respectively. Sudan had the highest morality ratio (3.7%) for most of the study, twice the ME average (1.8%), followed by Yemen at 3.6%. Sex-specific incidence, deaths, and DALYs in the ME were higher compared to the global cohorts. ME women had the worst rates in all categories. With respect to age, all rates were worse in the ME age groups except in those under 5 years. Conclusions For almost three decades, ME burn incidence, deaths, DALYs, and mortality rates were consistently worse than global average. Despite the already significant differences for burn frequency and severity, especially in women and children, underreporting from countries who lack sufficient registry capabilities likely means that the rates are even worse than predicted.

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Mortality Associated with Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis in Northeastern Italy, 2008–2020: A Multiple Cause of Death Analysis

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18147249 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (14) ◽

pp. 7249

Author(s):

Alessandro Marcon ◽

Elena Schievano ◽

Ugo Fedeli

Keyword(s):

Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis ◽

Pulmonary Fibrosis ◽

Cause Of Death ◽

Age Groups ◽

Mortality Rates ◽

Annual Percent Change ◽

Northeastern Italy ◽

Mortality Ratio ◽

The Impact ◽

Related Mortality

Mortality from idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is increasing in most European countries, but there are no data for Italy. We analysed the registry data from a region in northeastern Italy to assess the trends in IPF-related mortality during 2008–2019, to compare results of underlying vs. multiple cause of death analyses, and to describe the impact of the COVID-19 epidemic in 2020. We identified IPF (ICD-10 code J84.1) among the causes of death registered in 557,932 certificates in the Veneto region. We assessed time trends in annual age-standardized mortality rates by gender and age (40–74, 75–84, and ≥85 years). IPF was the underlying cause of 1310 deaths in the 2251 certificates mentioning IPF. For all age groups combined, the age-standardized mortality rate from IPF identified as the underlying cause of death was close to the European median (males and females: 3.1 and 1.3 per 100,000/year, respectively). During 2008–2019, mortality rates increased in men aged ≥85 years (annual percent change of 6.5%, 95% CI: 2.0, 11.2%), but not among women or for the younger age groups. A 72% excess of IPF-related deaths was registered in March–April 2020 (mortality ratio 1.72, 95% CI: 1.29, 2.24). IPF mortality was increasing among older men in northeastern Italy. The burden of IPF was heavier than assessed by routine statistics, since less than two out of three IPF-related deaths were directly attributed to this condition. COVID-19 was accompanied by a remarkable increase in IPF-related mortality.

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Some biological properties of spiny eel (Mastacembelus mastacembelus, Banks & Solander, 1794) living in the Upper Euphrates River Basin, Turkey

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-91223-1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Mehmet Zülfü Çoban ◽

Mücahit Eroğlu ◽

Mustafa Düşükcan

Keyword(s):

River Basin ◽

Growth Parameters ◽

Age Groups ◽

Mortality Rates ◽

Biological Properties ◽

Von Bertalanffy ◽

Growth Type ◽

Euphrates River ◽

Fish Samples ◽

Exploitation Rate

AbstractThis study was carried out to determine some bioecological characteristics of Mastacembelus mastacembelus, which is the only species of Mastacembelidae family living in Turkey. Fish samples were caught between 2014–2018 from Keban Dam Lake, one of the most important reservoirs of the upper Euphrates Basin. In totally, 348 Mastacembelus mastacembelus individuals were examined, including 178 males and 170 females. The age distributions were defined between the I–XV age groups. Total lengths ranged from 14.20 to 81.80 cm in males and from 15.60 to 77.30 cm in females. Total length–weight relationships were calculated as W = 0.0083 × TL2.6516 for males, W = 0.0043 × TL2.8310 for females and W = 0.0063 × TL2.7256 for all population, and the growth type was estimated as “negative allometric”. The von Bertalanffy growth parameters for all individuals were computed as L∞ = 90.99, k = 0.13, t0 = − 0.45. The total (Z), natural (M), fishing (F) mortality rates and exploitation rate (E) were estimated as Z = 0.313, M = 0.270, F = 0.043 and E = 0.137, respectively. The length at first capture (Lc) was found as 50.72. The optimum, maximum and economic yields were calculated as E0.5 = 0.361; Emax = 0.776; E0.1 = 0.664, respectively.

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