scholarly journals THE COMPARATIVE BIOFUELS IMPACT ON THE ENVIRONMENT COMPARED WITH DIESEL OIL BY THE EFFECT ON Lolium perennial (Raigras) Seeds Germination

1970 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilarie Ivan ◽  
Florin Mariasiu
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Diesel Oil ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Animal Products ◽  
Basic Conclusion ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Experimental Researches ◽  
Seeds Germination

In the present days, the needing of development the new classes of fuels is a real and immediate challenge for the humanity. These new classes of fuel must replace the fossil fuel in order to reduce the global pollution and to be friendly with the environment. The researches conducted until now in worldwide and also at the Biofuel Laboratory of Mechanic Faculty (under the supervision of prof. N. Burnete, Ph.D.) show that the biofuels based on vegetable oil can be an answer to the above mentioned issues. In addition, it is necessary to study the impact of this class of biofuels in time on the air and soil pollution, vegetable and animal products etc. The present paper presents the experimental researches about the environmental impact of using the biofuels comparatively with fossil fuels (diesel oil). The research methodology was making in order to respect the actual standards to obtain more accurate and confident results. The basic conclusion of conducted experiments is that the using the biofuels in the internal combustion engines beside of diesel oil can be an important factor to reduce the pollution factors on environment.

scholarly journals THE COMPARATIVE BIOFUELS EFFECT ON THE FESTUCA RUBIA SEEDS GERMINATION WITH DIESEL OIL

1970 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilarie Ivan
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Policy ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Diesel Oil ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
European Directive ◽  
Basic Conclusion ◽  
Feasible Alternative ◽  
Experimental Researches

In conditions which the Romania it’s propose that in 2010 year (as European Directive 2003/30/EC) to achieve the utilization of 5,75 % of biofuels blending in present fuels (fossils) and especially because in present the biofuel production hardly assure the achievement of 2% blending it is necessary to realize studies about the possibilities to increasing the biofuels production. The biofuels production can be a feasible alternative to traditional agriculture in terms in which the quantities of agricultural products are restricted trough the EU’s Common Agricultural Policy (CAP). The present paper presents the experimental researches about the environmental impact of using the biofuels comparatively with diesel oil and study the effect on Festuca rubia seed germination. The research methodology was making in order to respect the actual standards to obtain more accurate and confident results. The basic conclusion of conducted experiments is that the using the biofuels in the internal combustion engines beside of diesel oil can be an important factor to reduce the pollution factors on environment

scholarly journals Integration of Seawater Pumped-Storage in the Energy System of the Island of São Miguel (Azores)

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 3438 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christos Ioakimidis ◽  
Konstantinos Genikomsakis
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Azores Archipelago ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Pumped Storage

This paper considers the case of São Miguel in the Azores archipelago as a typical example of an isolated island with high renewable energy potential, but low baseload levels, lack of energy storage facilities, and dependence on fossil fuels that incurs high import costs. Using the Integrated MARKAL-EFOM System (TIMES), a number of scenarios are examined in order to analyze and assess the potential benefits from the implementation of a seawater pumped-storage (SPS) system, in the absence or presence of electric drive vehicles (EDVs) under a grid-to-vehicle (G2V) approach. The results obtained show that the proposed solution increases the penetration of renewable energy in the system, thus reducing the dependence on fossil fuel imports and allowing, at the same time, for the deployment of EDVs as a promising environmentally friendly alternative to conventional vehicles with internal combustion engines.

scholarly journals A Review of Hydrogen as a Fuel in Internal Combustion Engines

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (19) ◽  
pp. 6209
Author(s):  
Behdad Shadidi ◽  
Gholamhassan Najafi ◽  
Talal Yusaf
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Exhaust Gas Emission ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Ci Engines

The demand for fossil fuels is increasing because of globalization and rising energy demands. As a result, many nations are exploring alternative energy sources, and hydrogen is an efficient and practical alternative fuel. In the transportation industry, the development of hydrogen-powered cars aims to maximize fuel efficiency and significantly reduce exhaust gas emission and concentration. The impact of using hydrogen as a supplementary fuel for spark ignition (SI) and compression ignition (CI) engines on engine performance and gas emissions was investigated in this study. By adding hydrogen as a fuel in internal combustion engines, the torque, power, and brake thermal efficiency of the engines decrease, while their brake-specific fuel consumption increase. This study suggests that using hydrogen will reduce the emissions of CO, UHC, CO2, and soot; however, NOx emission is expected to increase. Due to the reduction of environmental pollutants for most engines and the related environmental benefits, hydrogen fuel is a clean and sustainable energy source, and its use should be expanded.

scholarly journals Emissions of an agricultural engine using blends of diesel and hydrous ethanol

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Marcelo Silveira de Farias ◽  
José Fernando Schlosser ◽  
Javier Solis Estrada ◽  
Gismael Francisco Perin ◽  
Alfran Tellechea Martini
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Standard Procedure ◽  
Diesel Oil ◽  
K Value ◽  
Operating Modes ◽  
Diesel Cycle ◽  
Reduce Emissions ◽  
Hydrous Ethanol

The growing global demand of energy, the decrease of petroleum reserves and the current of environmental contamination problems, make it imperative to study renewable energy sources for use in internal combustion engines, in order to decrease the dependence on fossil fuels and reduce emissions of pollutant gases. This study aimed to evaluate the emissions of a diesel-cycle engine of an agricultural tractor that uses diesel S500 (B5) mixed with 3, 6, 9, 12 and 15% of hydrous ethanol. It determined emissions of CO2 (ppm), NOx (ppm), and opacity (k value) of gases. A standard procedure was applied considering eight operating modes (M1, M2, M3, M4, M5, M6, M7, and M8) by breaking with an electric dynamometer in a laboratory. The experimental design was completely randomized, with 60 replicates and a 6 x 8 factorial design. Greater opacity and gas emissions were observed when the engine operated with 3% ethanol, while lower emissions occurred with 12 and 15%. With these fuels, the reduction of opacity, CO2, and NOx, in relation to diesel oil, was 24.49 and 26.53%, 4.96 and 5.15%, and 6.59 and 9.70%, respectively. In conclusion, the addition of 12 and 15% ethanol in diesel oil significantly reduces engine emissions.

scholarly journals The Performance of Diesel Engine Fueled Diesel Oil in Comparison with Heated Pure Vegetable Oils Available in Vietnam

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anh Tuan Hoang
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Vegetable Oils ◽  
Sunflower Oil ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Coconut Oil ◽  
Diesel Oil ◽  
Petroleum Resources ◽  
Ready Availability

Pure vegetable oils have the greatest promise for alternative fuels for internal combustion engines beside the depletion of conventional petroleum resources. Among various possible options, pure vegetable oils present promising of greener air substitutes for fossil fuels. Pure vegetable oils, due to the agricultural origin, liquidity, ready availability, renewability, biodegradability are able to reduce the CO2 emissions in the atmosphere. Also, in Vietnam, pure vegetable oils such as soybean oil (SoO100), coconut oil (CO100) and sunflower oil (SuO100) are available. The paper presents the results of using heated pure vegetable oils for diesel engine D243 with power of 80 hp (58.88) kW. The results of determining the power (Ne), specific fuel consumption (SFC) and efficiency (n) are used to evaluate the performance of engine. The results show that, the engine power (Ne) is 10%-15% lower, the SFC of engine D243 using pure vegetable oils is 3%-5% higher and the η is 2.5%-6.2% lower compared to diesel oil (DO). Among the pure vegetable oils, the best performance results for D243 diesel engine are obtained from heated pure sunflower oil up to 135oC.

scholarly journals Impact of Blow-By Gas and Endgap Ring Position on the Variations of Particle Emissions in Gasoline Engines

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (22) ◽  
pp. 7492
Author(s):  
Vincent Berthome ◽  
David Chalet ◽  
Jean-François Hetet
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Particulate Emissions ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Spark Ignition Engines ◽  
Particulate Emission ◽  
Particle Emissions ◽  
Gasoline Engines ◽  
System A ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Ring Position

Particulate emission from internal combustion engines is a complex phenomenon that needs to be understood in order to identify its main factors. To this end, it appears necessary to study the impact of unburned gases, called blow-by gases, which are reinjected into the engine intake system. A series of transient tests demonstrate their significant contribution since the particle emissions of spark-ignition engines are 1.5 times higher than those of an engine without blow-by with a standard deviation 1.5 times greater. After analysis, it is found that the decanter is not effective enough to remove completely the oil from the gases. Tests without blow-by gases also have the advantage of having a lower disparity, and therefore of being more repeatable. It appears that the position of the “endgap” formed by the first two rings has a significant impact on the amount of oil transported towards the combustion chamber by the backflow, and consequently on the variation of particle emissions. For this engine and for this transient, 57% of the particulate emissions are related to the equivalence ratio, while 31% are directly related to the ability of the decanter to remove the oil of the blowby gases and 12% of the emissions come from the backflow. The novelty of this work is to relate the particles fluctuation to the position of the endgap ring.

Robustness of Norway Economy and Energy Supply/Demand

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alireza Aslani ◽  
Maryam Hamlehdar ◽  
Reza Saeedi
Keyword(s):  
Electricity Markets ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Energy Sector ◽  
Good Choice ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Economic Stability ◽  
High Dependency ◽  
Strategic Role ◽  
The Impact

Energy has a strategic role in the social and economic development of the countries all over the world. Due to the high dependency on fossil fuels, fluctuations in prices and supply have macro/micro-economics effects for both energy exporters and importers. Therefore, understanding economic stability based on energy market changes is an important subject for policy makers and researchers. Norway, as a fossil fuel export country, is a good choice for the analysis of the relationships between the economics robustness and fossil fuel economics fluctuations. While the country is one of the pioneers in the field of sustainable energy utilization, they have tried to provide a robust economic situation for the oil exports revenues. In this article, the effects of energy changes on the economy are investigated in Norway. In this regard, first, the impact of oil price on macro-economic parameters is discussed. Afterwards, the main issues related to the energy economics including resilience of the energy sector, energy policies, economics analysis of the energy sector, and the electricity markets are discussed.

scholarly journals Analyzing the production of limited harmful substances from mobile sources of energy in agriculture

2012 ◽  
Vol 52 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 136-144
Author(s):  
J. Homola ◽  
B. Groda
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Diesel Oil ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Department Of Agriculture ◽  
Environment Friendly ◽  
Mobile Sources ◽  
Annual Consumption ◽  
Accurate Expression ◽  
The Impact ◽  
General Balance

An expert estimate of the weight of emissions produced in agriculture has been up to now made only through a final counting to the total REZZO 4 emission balance in the category of &ldquo;other mobile sources&rdquo; The existing situation is however unbearable since a proper methodology to determine the production of emissions in agriculture, i.e. in the department with a considerable consumption of fossil fuels, is still missing. The solution consists in a more precise specification of the weight of generated limited pollutants (CO, NO<sub>x</sub>, SO<sub>2</sub>, PM and VOC including CO<sub>2</sub>) in the department of agriculture on the basis of the measured annual consumption of fuels in agriculture and with using the emission factors of fuels. Calculated results are compared with the original values finally counted for the REZZO 4 category of &ldquo;other mobile sources&rdquo; in 2000 and 2001 (Adamec 2002; Adamec et el. 2003). The calculation revealed that the weight production of individual pollutants in 2000 and 2001 reached only 28% and 27% for CO, 52% and 50% for NO<sub>x</sub>, 69% and 66% for SO<sub>2</sub>, 87% and 83% for PM, and 26% and 24% for VOC of the original estimates with final counts and was therefore much lower. The share of agriculture in the weight production of emissions from mobile sources in 2000 and 2001 was 3.1% and 3.1% for CO, 11.5% and 11.5% for NO<sub>x</sub>, 19.8% and 18.8% for SO<sub>2</sub>, 38.3% and 34.6% for PM, and 3.5% and 3.6% for VOC. The development of weight production for individual pollutants in the period from 1995&ndash;2005 is expressed by means of regression equations. Coefficients of reliability indicate that the measure of reliability of the interval determined by calculation is much higher than that of the reliability interval determined by values estimated through final counting that appear incidental. There are increasing efforts today focused on the replacement of diesel oil as a traditional fossil fuel in agriculture with biodiesel oil as a more environment-friendly fuel. The second part of results includes a monitoring of the impact of biodiesel oil emissions in cases where diesel oil was replaced by this ecological fuel in agriculture in the period from 2000&ndash;2005. It follows from the analysis that the weight production of pollutants in 2000&ndash;2005 would have been reduced by 4% in CO, by 28% in SO<sub>2</sub>, by 52% in PM and by 4% in VOC while an increase by 20% and 32% would have been recorded in CO<sub>2</sub> and NO<sub>x</sub>, respectively. Regression equations are used to express the development of the weight production of individual diesel oil and biodiesel oil pollutants in the period from 2000&ndash;2005. Reliability coefficients that are of constant character indicate that the development of the weight of pollutants from diesel oil replicates the development of biodiesel oil pollutants. The significance of achieved results consists in the provision of a more accurate general balance of emissions from one of so called other mobile sources in Czech Republic (apart from the department of transport), thus contributing among other things to a more accurate expression of the total weight of emission production within REZZO 4.&nbsp;

scholarly journals Enhancing the Geometrical Performance Using Initially Conical Cylinder Liner in Internal Combustion Engines—A Numerical Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 3705
Author(s):  
Ahmad Alshwawra ◽  
Florian Pohlmann-Tasche ◽  
Frederik Stelljes ◽  
Friedrich Dinkelacker
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Thermal Stresses ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Cylinder Liner ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Friction Reduction ◽  
Cylindrical Shape ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Cold State ◽  
The Impact

Reducing friction is an important aspect to increase the efficiency of internal combustion engines (ICE). The majority of frictional losses in engines are related to both the piston skirt and piston ring–cylinder liner (PRCL) arrangement. We studied the enhancement of the conformation of the PRCL arrangement based on the assumption that a suitable conical liner in its cold state may deform into a liner with nearly straight parallel walls in the fired state due to the impact of mechanical and thermal stresses. Combining the initially conical shape with a noncircular cross section will bring the liner even closer to the perfect cylindrical shape in the fired state. Hence, a significant friction reduction can be expected. For the investigation, the numerical method was first developed to simulate the liner deformation with advanced finite element methods. This was validated with given experimental data of the deformation for a gasoline engine in its fired state. In the next step, initially conically and/or elliptically shaped liners were investigated for their deformation between the cold and fired state. It was found that, for liners being both conical and elliptical in their cold state, a significant increase of straightness, parallelism, and roundness was reached in the fired state. The combined elliptical-conical liner led to a reduced straightness error by more than 50% compared to the cylindrical liner. The parallelism error was reduced by 60% to 70% and the roundness error was reduced between 70% and 80% at different liner positions. These numerical results show interesting potential for the friction reduction in the piston-liner arrangement within internal combustion engines.

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