scholarly journals Quality Control of Drinking Water Analysis in Concordance with Standard Requirements in Force

2012 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana FLORESCU ◽  
Claudia SANDRU ◽  
Roxana IONETE ◽  
Monica CULEA
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Health Assessment ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
National Standards ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Water Control ◽  
Minimum Requirements

In order to use a healthy fluid for human consumption, water should be aesthetically acceptable, should be free from apparent turbidity, colour, odour, objectionable taste and microbial contamination. The demand for such potable water has been an important issue, due to poor quality of ground water and rapid increase in population every year. A case study related of drinking water is presented together with our laboratory management, the staff involvement, the implementations of the quality objectives and all our activities related to water control. Fairness and reliability of testing and standardized methods performed by a laboratory are determined by many factors including: human factors; accommodation and environmental conditions; methods of testing and standardized methods; equipments and methods validation; measurement traceability, sampling and handling of testing measurements. This is an implementation procedure of drinking water analyses from a laboratory, development of strategies to accreditation system and obtaining the certified measurements. Accreditations protocol recognizes the laboratories competence to test standardize and use thi s international standard as a basis for their authentication. Implementation of risk management strategies include national standards developed from the international guidelines. These are describing the minimum requirements of safe practice to the consumer’s health and concentrations values for indicators of water quality. In the development and implementation of standards it is essential to take into account legislation regarding water and public health, government official laws and if is assessed the capacity of these regulations.Surveillance of drinking water quality can be defined as “the continuous and vigilant public health assessment and review of the safety and acceptability of drinking water supplies”.

scholarly journals Drinking water quality: results from the data analysis in Lombardy region

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
S Rivolta ◽  
G Diurno ◽  
E Ammoni ◽  
S Castaldi ◽  
M Gramegna
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Local Health ◽  
Water Safety ◽  
Control Activity ◽  
Lombardy Region ◽  
Essential Aspect

Abstract Background Ensuring access to safe and quality drinking water is an essential aspect of public health, as well as a fundamental human right as an extension of the right to life affirmed by the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Previously in Lombardy, the reporting of water sampling control activities was prepared only by the local health authorities (LHAs). Recently, however, the activation of a data centralization information system allows the monitoring of the whole regional territory and the elaboration of a periodic report. Methods The data relating to the analytical checks on drinking water in the Lombardy Region were extracted from the regional database for 2014, 2015 and 2016 and grouped by ’Chemical’, ’Microbiological’ and ’Indicators’ parameters. The analysis focused on the number and analytical compliance of all the samples performed. All the results considered both the overall regional data and each LHA. Results From a quantitative point of view, the activity of entering the sampling data seems to progressively improve, remaining rather heterogeneous among the various LHAs. From a qualitative point of view drinking water in Lombardy is to be considered good overall: both the chemical and microbiological non-compliant samples in Lombardy are lower than 10% for the years 2014 and 2015 and lower than 5% in 2016 thus indicating an apparently improving trend. Conclusions For a better evaluation of the numerical appropriateness of the controls carried out, an update of the registry system of the supply areas and a more uniform LHA programming is necessary. For a better assessment of the quality of water destined for human consumption oriented to the conformity of parameters, it is necessary to adopt an analytical judgment system on individual parameters instead of on the entire sample. A further improvement will be the inclusion in the database of the data of the aqueduct managers included in the Water Safety Plans (WSPs). Key messages Water quality assessment and its control activity reporting is an essential aspect in public health prevention. It is essential to strive for continuous improvement in the data collection method to better monitor potential risks and to evaluate the best future safe water supply strategies.

scholarly journals The Impact of Oil Exploration Activities on Soil, Water and Shrimps of Maa-Or Gbor in Korokoro Community, Rivers State, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
pp. 44-50
Author(s):  
N. Nwachoko ◽  
G. T. Jack ◽  
B. B. Dume
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Oil Exploration ◽  
Acceptable Limit ◽  
The Impact

Crude oil exploration and its associated spillage pose a major threat to the environment in Nigeria and if not checked and managed properly, could lead to total annihilation of the ecosystem especially in the Niger Delta Region. Therefore, this study examines the impact of oil spill on soil, water and shrimps from Maa-or gbor. Water and soil samples were collected in the upstream, midstream and downstream, while shrimps from the river were also collected. They were digested with nitric acid. The heavy metal components were analyzed using atomic absorption spectrophotometer while physiochemical parameters were determined using different analytical methods. The result of the metals concentration in the soil showed that the values of some of the metals analyzed were within the acceptable limit of FAO/WHO except for Cu, Mn and Fe values. The result of water quality showed that pH values of the stations were in the range of 6.08-6.20 and a mean value of 6.15± 0.05 for the three stations, which is lower than the limit (6.5- 8.5) recommended for drinking water. Also the result showed that Station C had the highest conductivity value when compared with other stations, and significantly differs when compared with station B. However, the values of the electrical conductivity in all the stations were lower than that of FEPA acceptable limit of 250, while the mean value for the stations was 60.9± 3.42. Trace metals concentration in shrimps was below FAO/WHO acceptable limit. The result obtained for water quality index was147. This value is above the recommended standard for drinking water, thus indicates poor quality water status of Maa-or gbor and unfit for human consumption.

Evaluation of Ground Water Quality For AL Shuwayja area –Wasit Provence Using GIS Technique

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Ali Nasser Hilo
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Ground Water ◽  
Water Quality Index ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Ground Water Quality ◽  
Water Index ◽  
The City

The low level of water in rivers in Iraq leads to poor water quality, on that basis; we need to assess Iraq's water resources for uses of irrigation and drinking water. This study present a model accounts for ground water quality by using a water quality index (WQI) for the region defined between the city of Kut and the city of Badra in Wasit province. this study relies on a system of wells set up along the path through the Badra –Kut  and around it  up to 78 wells. The study showed poor quality of ground water in the region of study and it is unsuitability for irrigation and drinking water, as well as provided a solution to the water accumulated in the Shuwayja to reduce the bad effect on groundwater by using a system of branch and collection canals  then pumping at the effluent  of Al  Shuwayja in seasons of rainy season ..Water quality index calculated depend on the basis of various physic-chemical parameters as PH, Ec , TDS, TSS, Nacl , SO4 ,Na , and  Mg. The resultant and analytical are present with use of Arch GIS program – geostastical analysis for the water index and water quality parameters

scholarly journals Rainwater Harvesting as a Drinking Water Option for Mexico City

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 3890 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mireya Gispert ◽  
María Hernández ◽  
Enrique Climent ◽  
María Flores
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Mexico City ◽  
Rainwater Harvesting ◽  
Major Ions ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
National Standards ◽  
Southern Mexico ◽  
Quality Water ◽  
Poor Quality Water ◽  
The University

Mexico City is one of the most water-stressed cities in the world; poor quality water occurs in several parts of the City. The use of rainwater harvesting (RWH) as a source of drinking water is gaining acceptance in several contexts, but the quality of the water obtained through these systems has not been sufficiently studied. This manuscript presents the results of water quality tests from samples taken in each component of an RWH system, installed by Isla Urbana at the National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), southern Mexico City. The RWH system culminates with a drinking fountain which supplies water for the students, and other members of the university community. Samples were retrieved from August 2014 to November 2015, approximately once per month. Results showed that with an adequate operation of the RWH system the major ions, fluoride, zinc, arsenic, lead, iron, copper, chromium, aluminum, nitrate, and total coliforms comply with national standards and international guidelines for drinking water. Thus, RWH constitutes a viable option for providing good quality water in a megacity that will become increasingly water-stressed due to climate change.

scholarly journals Physicochemical and Microbiological Water Quality Assessment of Aba Waterside River, Aba, Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 142-148
Author(s):  
L. O. Bobor ◽  
C. M. Umeh
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Water Quality Monitoring ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
Water Quality Control ◽  
Inorganic Substances ◽  
The Impact

The indiscriminate disposal of industrial effluents and solid wastes in surface water bodies is detrimental to humans and aquatic organisms. Water quality monitoring is critical to identify pollutants of concern and develop effective management strategies. Hence, this study was conducted to assess the impact of waste disposal on the water quality of Aba Waterside River, Ogbor hill, Aba. Grab samples were collected upstream, midstream and downstream and some physicochemical and microbiological parameters were analyzed in accordance with standard methods for the analysis of water and wastewater. The results were compared with the Nigerian standard for drinking water quality and the national environmental effluent limitation regulations. Turbidity levels (10 -31mg/l) exceeded the maximum permissible levels for drinking water (5mg/l) and may be associated with higher levels of embedded disease-causing microbes and potentially harmful organic and inorganic substances. The biological oxygen demand midstream (1960mg/l) was remarkably high due to the effluent discharged from the abattoirs at that point. Fecal coliforms (3-198MPN/100ml) were detected in all samples, indicating the presence of other potentially harmful microorganisms. The findings of this study indicate that the water is unsuitable for direct drinking water purposes and stringent water quality control measures should be implemented.

scholarly journals Environmental Health Diagnosis in a Park as a Sustainability Initiative in Cities

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (16) ◽  
pp. 6436
Author(s):  
Martha Georgina Orozco-Medina ◽  
Javier Omar Martínez-Abarca ◽  
Arturo Figueroa-Montaño ◽  
Valentina Davydova-Belitskaya
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Environmental Health ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Biological Indicators ◽  
National Standards ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Wooded Area ◽  
Coarse Particulate Matter ◽  
Size Of Particles ◽  
Health Diagnosis

Environmental health diagnosis was made in a sport and recreational park in the city of Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico. The objective of this research was to perform an environmental diagnosis in Tucson Park; it concentrated on air quality (fine and coarse particulate matter, carbon dioxide), environmental noise, water quality of springs and a pond according to national standards, and macroinvertebrates as biological indicators of water condition, as well as phytosanitary state of wooded area. Additionally, a survey was conducted to study environmental perception. Results of the study highlighted significant statistical differences concerning the amount and size of particles for the winter and spring seasons. Noise levels within the park premises exceeded the Mexican standard. Water quality measured through general criteria of integrated water quality index (WQI) qualified the park´s analyzed springs as acceptable but to abstain its use and human consumption. Finally, the perception survey identified insecurity as the major problem, followed by the lack of lighting and effective communication of courses and workshops for the community to attend. It is one of the first environmental diagnoses in sport parks in Mexico´s Metropolitan Areas as an integrated approach of ecosystem health and wellbeing of city inhabitants.

scholarly journals Detecting community response to water quality violations using bottled water sales

2019 ◽  
Vol 116 (42) ◽  
pp. 20917-20922
Author(s):  
Maura Allaire ◽  
Taylor Mackay ◽  
Shuyan Zheng ◽  
Upmanu Lall
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
The United States ◽  
Bottled Water ◽  
Water Contaminants ◽  
Averting Behavior ◽  
National Analysis ◽  
Public Notification

Drinking-water contaminants pose a risk to public health. When confronted with elevated levels of contaminants, individuals can take actions to reduce exposure. Yet, few studies address averting behavior due to impaired water, particularly in high-income countries. This is a problem of national interest, given that 9 million to 45 million people have been affected by water quality violations in each of the past 34 years. No national analysis has focused on the extent to which communities reduce exposure to contaminated drinking water. Here, we present an assessment that sheds light on how communities across the United States respond to violations of the Safe Drinking Water Act, using consumer purchases of bottled water. This study provides insight into how averting behavior differs across violation types and community demographics. We estimate the change in sales due to water quality violations, using a panel dataset of weekly sales and violation records in 2,151 counties from 2006 to 2015. Critical findings show that violations which pose an immediate health risk are associated with a 14% increase in bottled water sales. Generally, greater averting action is taken against contaminants that might pose a greater perceived health risk and that require more immediate public notification. Rural, low-income communities do not take significant averting action for elevated levels of nitrate, yet experience a higher prevalence of nitrate violations. Findings can inform improvements in public notification and targeting of technical assistance from state regulators and public health agencies in order to reduce community exposure to contaminants.

scholarly journals A Detailed Assessment of Groundwater Quality in the Kabul Basin, Afghanistan, and Suitability for Future Development

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 2890 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hussain Ali Jawadi ◽  
Jay Sagin ◽  
Daniel D. Snow
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Future Development ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Physicochemical Analysis ◽  
World Health ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Water Type ◽  
Dissolved Solids ◽  
Health Organization

Kabul is one of the most populated cities in Afghanistan and providing resources to support this population in an arid climate presents a serious environmental challenge. The current study evaluated the quality of local Kabul Basin groundwater to determine its suitability water for drinking and irrigation purposes now and into the future. This aim was aided through groundwater parameter assessment as well as determination of Water Quality Index (WQI) developed from 15 observation points near the city. The results of our physicochemical analysis illustrate that groundwater in the majority of areas of the Kabul Basin is not generally suitable for human consumption, and in some cases the concentrations of many contaminants are higher than accepted health standards or water quality benchmarks. The aquifer underlies an arid landscape, and because of this 85% of the samples tested are very hard while just over 13% are classified as hard. Groundwater in the Kabul Basin is typically high in calcium and magnesium and overall classified as a calcium bicarbonate water type. Overall, more than 60% of the analyzed samples had concentrations higher than the World Health Organization (WHO) standard of total dissolved solids (TDS), 10% in total hardness (TH), about 30% in turbidity and more than 90% in magnesium. The results show that based on WQI, without treatment, roughly 5% of groundwater in the studied area is unsuitable for human consumption, while 13.3% is very poor and 40% is poor quality water. Approximately 40% of the assessed groundwater has good quality and could be used as drinking water for future development. Groundwater in some areas shows evidence of pollution and high dissolved solids content, rendering these sources unsuitable for either drinking or irrigation purposes.

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