Characterisation of an Aromatic Plant-based Formula using UV-Vis Spectroscopy, LC–ESI(+)QTOF-MS and HPLC-DAD Analysis

Abstract. It is known for a long time that seasoning/condimentary herbs have antioxidant activity and antibacterial properties, being good natural alternatives for disease prevention. The different efficiency of these plants is assigned to their bioactive molecules, stability and bioavailability. In the present study seven aromatic herbs (basil, thyme, oregano, rosemary, clove, cinnamon and sage) were investigated individually. A new product was developed using basil, thyme, oregano, rosemary, clove, cinnamon and sage, according to a default recipe. The characterization of each plant aimed to identify the specific “fingerprint” by its main bioactive molecules and the “traceability” of these molecules in the new product, made by mixing the selected plants according to a default recipe. In order to determine the main bioactive compounds of the individual plants composition, in comparison with the new plant-based (EPC) formula, high throughput techniques like UV-Vis spectroscopy and LC-QTOF-MS spectrometry were used. The most important bioactive compounds determined in the studied herbs, which may exert antioxidant activity and antibacterial properties, were phenolic compounds (phenolic acids, flavonoids), quinones, clorophylls as well some polar terpenoids. The fingerprints are providing comprehensive and accurate information about the compounds that may exert antimicrobial properties. In order to assure the biological effects and the bioavailability of the polyphenols and the secondary metabolites we have to consider the antagonistic and synergistic effect that the metabolites can exert on each other.

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Evaluation of the Physicochemical, Antioxidant, and Antibacterial Properties of Tunichrome Released from Phallusia nigra Persian Gulf Marine Tunicate

Journal of Food Quality ◽

10.1155/2021/5513717 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-11

Author(s):

Zohreh Marhamati ◽

Mohammad Hossein Marhamatizadeh ◽

Gholamhossein Mohebbi

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Bacillus Cereus ◽

Persian Gulf ◽

Biological Effects ◽

Radical Scavenging Activity ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Antibacterial Properties ◽

Antimicrobial Properties ◽

Total Phenol Content ◽

E Coli

The aim of this study was to evaluate the physicochemical, nutraceutical, antioxidant, and antibacterial properties of tunichrome released from Persian Gulf tunicate (Phallusia nigra). For this purpose, molecular weight (SDS-PAGE), amino acid profile, chemical composition (GC-MS), mineral composition, functional groups (FTIR), total phenol content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), antioxidant activity, and antimicrobial properties were investigated. The results showed that tunichrome contained a high amount of essential amino acids (i.e., Lys = 32.24 mg/100 g) and essential minerals. According to GC-MS results, tunichrome had different antioxidant and antimicrobial components. The TPC and TFC of tunichrome were 0.55 mg GA/g and 0.21 mg quercetin/100 g, respectively. Tunichrome showed higher antioxidant activity than ascorbic acid, and its radical scavenging activity values were increased from 30.28 to 82.08% by increasing concentration from 50 to 200 ppm. Inhibition zones of Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Salmonella enterica, and Escherichia coli O157:H7 were 14, 18, 17, and 15 mm, respectively. Moreover, the minimum inhibitory concentration values of tunichrome for S. aureus, Bacillus cereus, S. enterica, and E. coli O157:H7 were 1.17, 0.59, 0.59, and 1.17 mg/ml, respectively. The minimum bacterial concentrations were 2.34, 1.17, 1.17, and 2.34 mg/ml for S. aureus, Bacillus cereus, S. enterica, and E. coli O157:H7, respectively. These results showed that tunichrome of Phallusia nigra has excellent biological effects as a bioactive compound for food fortification.

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The Bioactive Potential of Trawl Discard: Case Study from a Crinoid Bed Off Blanes (North-Western Mediterranean)

Marine Drugs ◽

10.3390/md19020083 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 19 (2) ◽

pp. 83

Author(s):

Alfredo García-de-Vinuesa ◽

Montserrat Demestre ◽

Arnau Carreño ◽

Josep Lloret

Keyword(s):

Bioactive Compounds ◽

Fish Habitat ◽

Antibacterial Properties ◽

Marine Species ◽

Western Mediterranean ◽

Bioactive Molecules ◽

Added Value ◽

Future Research ◽

Trawl Survey ◽

Bioactive Potential

Although knowledge of the bioactive compounds produced by species inhabiting coastal waters is increasing, little is known about the bioactive potential produced by marine species occupying deeper habitats with high biodiversity and productivity. Here, we investigate about the bioactive potential of molecules produced by species that inhabit the crinoid beds, a poorly known essential fish habitat affected by trawling, wherein large amounts of commercial and noncommercial species are discarded. Based on a trawl survey conducted in 2019, 14% of the 64 species discarded on crinoid beds produce molecules with some type of bioactive potential, including; soft corals (Alcyonium palmatum); tunicates (Ascidia mentula); bony fish, such as horse mackerel (Trachurus trachurus); European hake (Merluccius merluccius); and chondrichthyans, such as small-spotted catshark (Scyliorhinus canicula). In addition, 16% of the discarded species had congeneric species that produce compounds with bioactive potential, indicating that such species might also possess similar types of bioactive molecules. Molecules with antioxidant, antitumour, antihypertensive, and antibacterial properties were the most frequent, which could provide the basis for future research aiming to discover new marine-based drugs and compounds for other human uses. Among all species or genera that produce compounds with bioactive potential, 68% presented medium or high vulnerability to trawling. Results show that the discarded catch contains many species, which produce different bioactive compounds that represent an added-value resource. These results highlight the importance of manage properly crinoid beds, to ensure that species that produce molecules with bioactive potential inhabiting these habitats are protected.

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Ultrasound and Microwave Assisted Extraction of Opuntia Fruit Peels Biocompounds: Optimization and Comparison Using RSM-CCD

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules24193618 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 24 (19) ◽

pp. 3618 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Bruno Melgar ◽

Maria Inês Dias ◽

Lillian Barros ◽

Isabel C.F.R. Ferreira ◽

Antonio D. Rodriguez-Lopez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Bioactive Compounds ◽

Bioactive Molecules ◽

Specific Response ◽

Microwave Assisted Extraction ◽

Ultrasound Assisted Extraction ◽

Microwave Assisted ◽

Assisted Extraction ◽

Ic50 Values ◽

Effective Models

Ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) and microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) of bioactive compounds, peels from Opuntia engelmannii cultivar (cv.) Valencia were optimized by response surface methodology. Randomized extraction runs were performed for each of the technologies employed in order to build effective models with maximum (bioactive molecules content and yield) and minimum (antioxidant activity) responses. A 5-level, 4-factor central composite design was used to obtain target responses as a function of extraction time (t), solid to liquid ratio (S/L), methanol concentration (metOH), and temperature (T). Specific response optimization for each technology was analyzed, discussed, and general optimization from all the responses together was also gather. The optimum values for each factor were: t = 2.5 and 1.4 min, S/L = 5 and 5 g/L, metOH = 34.6 and 0% of methanol and T = 30 and 36.6 °C, achieving maximum responses of 201.6 and 132.9 mg of betalains/g, 13.9 and 8.0 mg of phenolic acids/g, 2.4 and 1.5 mg of flavonoids/g, 71.8% and 79.1% of extractable solid and IC50 values for the antioxidant activity of 2.9 and 3.6, for UAE and MAE, respectively. The present study suggested UAE as the best extraction system, in order to maximize recovery of bioactive compounds with a high antioxidant activity.

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Influence of Olive Pomace Blending on Antioxidant Activity: Additive, Synergistic, and Antagonistic Effects

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26010169 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 26 (1) ◽

pp. 169

Author(s):

M. Antónia Nunes ◽

Filip Reszczyński ◽

Ricardo N. M. J. Páscoa ◽

Anabela S. G. Costa ◽

Rita C. Alves ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Bioactive Compounds ◽

Total Phenolics ◽

Olive Pomace ◽

Functional Ingredients ◽

Antagonistic Effects ◽

Phenolics Content ◽

Individual Use ◽

The Individual ◽

Natural Preservatives

Food innovation is moving rapidly and comprises new categories of food products and/or ingredients with a natural and ecological origin. Monocultivar olive pomaces, individually or combined, can be a source of natural bioactive compounds suitable for food or cosmetic applications. This work aimed to assess the phenolics content and antioxidant activity of four monocultivar olive pomaces (Arbosana, Koroneiki, Oliana, and Arbequina) and forty-nine blends prepared with different proportions of each. Additive, synergistic, and antagonistic effects were studied. Among the monocultivar pomaces, Koroneiki and Arbosana were the richest in total phenolics (~15 mg gallic acid eq./g). Most of the interactions found in the blends were additive or synergistic, while very few antagonistic effects were observed. The best results were obtained for those blends where the Koroneiki variety predominated: (i) 90% Koroneiki, 4.75% Oliana, 3.75% Arbequina, 1.5% Arbosana; (ii) 65% Koroneiki, 29% Oliana, 3.25% Arbequina, 2.75% Arbosana; and (iii) 85% Koroneiki, 8.75% Arbequina, 3.5% Arbosana, 2.75% Oliana. In sum, these combinations can be advantageous in comparison to the individual use of monocultivar pomaces, presenting a higher potential to be used as functional ingredients or for bioactive compounds extraction, having in view the obtention of natural preservatives or food/cosmetic formula enhancers.

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In vitro antibacterial and antioxidant activity of Rosmarinus officinalis

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/202128505012 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 285 ◽

pp. 05012

Author(s):

A. K. Milyuhinа ◽

L. A. Zabodalova ◽

U. Kyzdarbek ◽

I. R. Romazyaeva ◽

N. Yu. Klyuchko

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Antibacterial Properties ◽

Antimicrobial Properties ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Rosmarinus Officinalis ◽

E Coli ◽

Rosmarinus Officinalis L ◽

Antibacterial And Antioxidant Activity

Rosmarinus officinalis L. is known for its antioxidant and antibacterial properties against a variety of microorganisms. In this work, research has been carried out on pharmacy rosemary. Its antioxidant and antimicrobial properties have been determined. This study showed that the ethanol extract of R. officinalis L. has a pronounced antimicrobial activity against strains of both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. The extract also showed good antioxidant activity. Rosemary showed significantly more potent antibacterial activity against E. coli. The diameter of the zone of oppression was 17 mm. Thus, Rosemary Pharmaceutical has demonstrated potential as a dietary supplement due to its stronger antibacterial activity.

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Screening of Three Echinoderm Species as New Opportunity for Drug Discovery: Their Bioactivities and Antimicrobial Properties

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1155/2018/7891748 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Loredana Stabili ◽

Maria Immacolata Acquaviva ◽

Rosa Anna Cavallo ◽

Carmela Gerardi ◽

Marcella Narracci ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Vibrio Fischeri ◽

Economic Value ◽

Antimicrobial Properties ◽

Renewable Resource ◽

Natural Antioxidants ◽

Antimicrobial Activities ◽

Bioactive Molecules ◽

Sea Star ◽

Emerging Pathogens

Echinoderms are a renewable resource with an economic value due to their increasing demand as food and/or source of bioactive molecules exerting antitumor, antiviral, anticoagulant, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activities. In this framework, the present study is aimed at investigating the antibacterial, antioxidant, and hemolytic activities in the three Echinoderm species Echinaster sepositus, Arbacia lixula, and Sphaerechinus granularis. The sea star E. sepositus showed lysozyme-like activity (mean diameter of lysis of 13.4±0.2 mm), an antimicrobial activity against the human emerging pathogens Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Candida famata, and a strong lytic activity (100±0.05%) towards the human red blood cells. Furthermore A. lixula and E. sepositus had the highest antioxidant activity (1792.75±233.7 and 1765.65±484.58 nmolTE/mL, resp.). From toxicological assays, it was shown that E. sepositus was not toxic towards HeLa cells and Vibrio fischeri, encouraging the exploitation of this species in the pharmaceutical field. Therefore, our findings have implications due to the ongoing explosion of antibiotic-resistant infections because of the new opportunistic pathogens and the need to discover antibacterial agents with new modes of action. Also the recorded antioxidant activity taking into account the need to find natural antioxidants useful for human health is intriguing.

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Ocimum basilicum (kemangi) intervention on powder and microencapsulated Spirulina platensis and its bioactive molecules

F1000Research ◽

10.12688/f1000research.52394.2 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 ◽

pp. 485

Author(s):

Y Yuliani ◽

Putut Har Riyadi ◽

Eko Nurcahya Dewi ◽

Irwandi Jaswir ◽

Tri Winarni Agustini

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Bioactive Compounds ◽

Spirulina Platensis ◽

Encapsulation Efficiency ◽

Control Sample ◽

Pharmaceutical Product ◽

Ocimum Basilicum ◽

Total Phenol ◽

Bioactive Molecules ◽

Drying Methods

Background: Spirulina platensis contains several bioactive molecules such as phenol, flavonoid and phycocyanin pigments. This study unveils total phenol, flavonoid, antioxidant activity, phycocyanin content and evaluated encapsulation efficiency from Ocimum basilicum intervention on S. platensis. O. basilicum intervention aims to reduce unpleasant odors from S. platensis that will increase consumption and increase bioactive compounds. Methods: The intervention was carried out by soaking a S. platensis control sample (SP) in O. basilicum with a ratio of 1:4 (w/v) and it was then dried (DSB) and microencapsulated by freeze drying methods (MSB) using a combination of maltodextrin and gelatin. Total flavonoid and phenolic analysis with curve fitting analysis used a linear regression approach. Antioxidant activity of samples was analysed with the 2,2’-azino-bis-3-3thylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS) method. Data were analysed using ANOVA at significance level (p < 0.05) followed by Tukey test models using SPSS v.22. Results: The result of this study indicated that O. basilicum intervention treatment (DSB) has the potential to increase bioactive compounds such as total phenol, antioxidant activity and phycocyanin, and flavonoid content. Intervention of O. basilicum on S. platensis (DSB) significantly increases total phenol by 49.5% and phycocyanin by 40.7%. This is due to the phenol and azulene compounds in O. basilicum which have a synergistic effect on phenol and phycocyanin in S. platensis. Microencapsulation using a maltodexrin and gelatin coating is effective in phycocyanin protection and antioxidant activity with an encapsulation efficiency value of 71.58% and 80.5%. Conclusion: The intervention of O. basilicum on S. platensis improved the total phenol and phycocyanin content and there is potential for a pharmaceutical product for a functional food and pharmaceutical product.

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TLC BASED PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF SENNA ALATA

International Journal of Advanced Research ◽

10.21474/ijar01/12106 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (11) ◽

pp. 1099-1107

Author(s):

Rajeshwari Prabha Lahare ◽

◽

Yogesh Kumar Bisen ◽

Hari Shankar Yadav ◽

Anil Kumar Dashahre ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Skin Diseases ◽

Antimicrobial Properties ◽

Bioactive Molecules ◽

Flowering Plant ◽

Phytochemical Analysis ◽

Root Extract ◽

Tlc Analysis ◽

Insect Bites ◽

Senna Alata

Senna alata is an ornamental flowering plant also known as ringworm bush and candle bush belongs to Leguminaceae family and used mainly as antifungal agent .The plant is pharmacological significant and used as antibacterial, antioxidant, anti-cancerous, anti-mutagenic, antifungal, anti-diabetic and antiviral activities. Leaves of the plant have anti-parasitic activity used in treatment of eczema, ringworm, asthma, bronchitis and in poisonous insect bites, bark of the plant is used in treatment of skin diseases. In the present study chloroform, methanol, petroleum ether and aqueous extracts were used for phytochemical analysis, TLC profiling and antioxidant activity of Senna alata. The phytochemical analysis of Senna alata indicated presence of tannins, saponins, flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, steroids, cardiac glycosides and quinones in Senna alata. In TLC analysis maximum 6 bands were found in leaf extract, 5 bands in stem extract and 4 bands were found in root methanol extract. The plant showed good antioxidant activity in methanol and aqueous based leaf, stem and root extract which may be due to the presence of flavonoids and phenolic compounds. The plant has potent antioxidant and antimicrobial properties so characterization of bioactive molecules of the plant should be beneficial for formulation of drugs.

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A Critical Review of Phenolic Compounds Extracted from the Bark of Woody Vascular Plants and Their Potential Biological Activity

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules24061182 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 24 (6) ◽

pp. 1182 ◽

Cited By ~ 37

Author(s):

Corneliu Tanase ◽

Sanda Coșarcă ◽

Daniela-Lucia Muntean

Keyword(s):

Phenolic Compounds ◽

Bioactive Compounds ◽

Vascular Plants ◽

Fruits And Vegetables ◽

Biological Effects ◽

Vascular Plant ◽

Antibacterial Properties ◽

Extraction Methods ◽

Biologically Active ◽

Future Research

Polyphenols are one of the largest and most widespread groups of secondary metabolites in the plants world. These compounds are of particular interest due to their occurrence and the properties they possess. The main sources of phenolic compounds are fruits and vegetables, but lately, more and more studies refer to woody vascular plants, especially to bark, as an important source of phenolic compounds with a potential biological effect. This study aims to bring together information on the phenolic compounds present in the bark of woody vascular plants by discussing extraction methods, the chemical composition of the extracts and potential biological effects. The literature data used in this paper were collected via PubMed (2004–2019). Search terms were: bark, rhytidome, woody vascular plant, polyphenols, phenolic compounds, biologic activity, antioxidant, immunostimulatory, antimutagenic, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antitumoral. This paper intends to highlight the fact that the polyphenolic extracts obtained from the bark of woody vascular plants represent sources of bioactive compounds with antioxidant, immunostimulatory, antimutagenic, antibacterial properties, etc. Future research directions should be directed towards identification and isolation of bioactive compounds. Consequently, biologically active compounds obtained from the bark of woody plants could be exploited on an industrial scale.

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Encapsulation of Soursop (Annona muricata Linn.) Leaf Tea Extract Using Natural Mucilage

REAKTOR ◽

10.14710/reaktor.19.1.26-33 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

pp. 26-33

Author(s):

Melanie Cornelia ◽

Kam Natania ◽

Herry Cahyana ◽

Edison Sutiyono

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Bioactive Compounds ◽

Encapsulation Efficiency ◽

Aloe Vera ◽

Bioactive Molecules ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Coating Materials ◽

Before And After ◽

Materials Used ◽

Tea Extract

The bioactively rich soursop leaf extract can be encapsulated inside several natural coating materials. The extract of soursop leaf has been found to contain many bioactive compounds such as various phenolic compounds that are beneficial for anticancer, antidiabetic and many other health benefits. However due to the sensitive nature of the bioactive molecules, encapsulation procedure was applied to prolong the activity of the biomolecules. Capsule materials used in this experiment were obtained from natural extract of Okra mucilage, Aloe vera mucilage and Maltodextrin-WPI mixture to protect the unstable bioactive compounds. Homogenation time using ultrasonication and Core to Coating ratio was differed to observe the optimum encapsulation process. The encapsulation efficiency, release factor ability, size distribution and its correlation with bioactive stability are observed using Total Phenolic methods and Antioxidant Activity before and after encapsulation. Aloe vera gave best encapsulation efficiency (88-91%) while microcapsule made with Okra gave the best antioxidant activity (DPPH IC50 633-710ppm), and maltodextrin-WPI gave best powder recovery (yield 70-73%). Keywords: aloe mucilage, antioxidant activity, encapsulation, okra mucilage, soursop tea extract

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