scholarly journals Seedling Emergence Comparison of Several Romanian Tomato and Pepper Varieties

2021 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 76
Author(s):  
Mihaela IORDĂCHESCU ◽  
Anca Amalia UDRIȘTE ◽  
Ovidiu JERCA ◽  
Liliana BĂDULESCU
Keyword(s):  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Growth Chamber ◽  
Emergence Time ◽  
Present Survey ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Local Varieties ◽  
Tomato Variety ◽  
Solanum Lycopersicum L ◽  
Genotype Variation ◽  
Growing Conditions

Nowadays people are turning to sustainable/ecological agriculture. Romanian local varieties with valuable traits can be used to develop novel organic varieties. Nine Romanian tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) and seven pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) varieties were compared during seedling emergence in growth chamber and greenhouse conditions. The aim of this study was to observe the variation of several emergence indicators among the varieties of the same species under the same growing conditions, differences that can be correlated with genotype variation in further genotyping research, with the final goal of using these results as a basis for genotype-assisted breeding programs. The present survey demonstrated significant differences in the emergence indicators among the varieties studied, both in the growth chamber and in the greenhouse growing conditions. Ștefănești 24 tomato variety stood out with the longest mean emergence time, mean emergence rate, synchrony and highest uncertainty of emergence, whereas Vladimir pepper variety had the lowest values for percentage of emergence, homogeneity and uncertainty of emergence.

scholarly journals PHOSPHORUS NUTRITION OF SOYBEANS AS AFFECTED BY PLACEMENT OF FERTILIZER PHOSPHORUS

1983 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. W. BULLEN ◽  
R. J. SOPER ◽  
L. D. BAILEY
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Total Phosphorus ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Phosphorus Uptake ◽  
Growth Chamber ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Chamber Experiment ◽  
Glycine Max L

Growth chamber and field experiments were conducted on Southern Manitoba soils, low in available soil phosphorus, to investigate the effects of various placement methods and levels of phosphorus fertilizer on soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill ’Maple Presto’). It was found that soybean responded well to applied phosphorus on low-P soil in growth chamber studies. In the first growth chamber experiment, P was applied in solution to 100%, 50%, 25%, 12.5% and 1% of the total soil volume. Dry matter yields, total phosphorus uptake and utilization of fertilizer P increased at each level of applied P as the size of the phosphated band was decreased. The results were partly attributed to greater chemical availability of P in the smaller zones of P fertilizer reaction. In a second growth chamber experiment, soybeans responded differently to phosphorus banded in six different locations. Placement of the fertilizer 2.5 cm directly below the seed was more effective in increasing dry matter yield, total phosphorus uptake and fertilizer P utilization than placement 2.5 cm and 5 cm away at the same depth or placement 5 cm below the seed, whether the band was directly below, 2.5 cm away or 5 cm away. Soybean yield responses in the field were greatest with P banded 2.5 cm directly below the seed on low-P soils. Placement of P 2.5 cm below the seed resulted in grain yields that were 64% and 50% higher (at the two sites) than those obtained in control plots. Sidebanding P, 2.5 cm below and 2.5 cm away from the seed at the same level of application, improved grain yields of control plots by 40% and 39%. Seed placement and broadcast applications of P were not as effective in increasing grain yields. Broadcasting P in fall or in spring at rates of up to 52.38 kg P/ha did not result in significantly higher grain yields than those obtained in control plots. Placement of P in contact with the seed appeared to reduce seedling emergence, resulting in depressed yields when 52.38 kg P/ha were applied. Key words: Glycine max L. Merrill, ’Maple Presto’

Ampelographic characterization of white grapevine cul-tivars (Vitis vinifera L.) grown in Palestine

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Rezq Basheer-Salimia
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Distance ◽  
Germplasm Conservation ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Similarity Matrix ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Local Varieties ◽  
Synonymies And Homonymies

Abstract: In Palestine, grape culture consists of ecotypes and cultivars (also called local varieties), for which a large number of homonymous and synonymous designations exist as well as misnaming of cultivars. The present study is the first report using detailed ampelographic characterizations (39 informative traits) to assess genetic diversity and detect similarities among sixteen accessions collected from putative diverse grape genotypes In general, 30 descriptors presented highly and satisfactory divergent genotypes, whereas the remaining traits showed no or very little ampelographic variation. Based on the similarity matrix and the resulting dendrogram of these ampelographic data, distinguishable genotypes as well as some cases of synonymies and homonymies clearly exist. A synonymy case seemed to be in four genotypes including Jandali-Mfarad, Jan-dali-Mrazraz, Jandali, and Hamadani-Mattar, which indeed showed genetic distances of less than 0.5, sug-gesting their relatedness, and the possibility that they are the same genotype, but with different names. In addition, homonym cases also occur in the following pairs of “Marawi’s, Hamadani’s, and Zaini’s genotypes, in which each pair seems to be two distinctive genotypes. Finally, among the 16 examined genotypes, the Zaini-Baladi genotype tended to show the highest genetic distance values from the others and thus could be potentially incorporated into any further local or regional breeding programs as well as germplasm conservation.

scholarly journals Effects of Sand Burial Depth on Xanthium Spinosum Seed Germination and Seedling Growth

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
yuanyuan Tao ◽  
Tian-cui Sang ◽  
Jun-jie Yan ◽  
Yun-xia Hu ◽  
Yu Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Burial Depth ◽  
Seedling Height ◽  
Emergence Time ◽  
Deep Soil ◽  
Sand Burial ◽  
Emergence Rate

Abstract different sand burial depths on seed germination, seedling emergence, growth and biomass allocation were studied to provide a scientific basis for further control of X. spinosum. Six sand burial depths (1, 2, 3, 5, 7 and 9 cm) were established to explore the response of X. spinosum seed germination and seedling growth to sand burial. The first emergence time, peak emergence time, emergence rate, seedling growth height, biomass and biomass distribution of X. spinosum seeds had significant effects at different sand burial depths (P < 0.05). The X. spinosum seeds had the highest emergence rate (71.5%) at 1 cm sand burial and the maximum seedling height (7.1 cm). As sand burial depth increased, the emergence rate and seedling height gradually decreased, and the emergence rate (12.25%) and seedling height (2.9 cm) were lowest at 9 cm sand burial. The root length at 9 cm depth (13.6 cm) was significantly higher than that at other sand depths (P < 0.05). The sand burial depth affected the biomass accumulation and distribution of X. spinosum. As sand burial depth increased, the root biomass and rhizome ratio increased, and the most deeply buried seedlings allocated more biomass for root growth. The optimal sand burial depth for seed germination and seedling growth of X. spinosum was 1–3 cm, and high burial depth (5–9 cm) was not conducive to the germination and growth of X. spinosum seedlings. For prevention and control of X. spinosum, we suggest deeply ploughing crops before sowing to ensure X. spinosum seeds are ploughed into a deep soil layer.

Physiological Potential Evaluation of Myracrodruon urundeuva Stored Diaspores

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 125
Author(s):  
Vanessa Renata de Sousa Barboza ◽  
Monalisa Alves Diniz da Silva ◽  
Luan Danilo Ferreira de Andrade Melo ◽  
Edilma Pereira Gonçalves ◽  
Jeandson Silva Viana
Keyword(s):  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Emergence Time ◽  
Quantitative Factor ◽  
Pearson Correlation Test ◽  
Rapid Tests ◽  
Potential Evaluation ◽  
The Individual ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Test Individual

The conservation of seeds in an appropriate location combined with the utilization of rapid tests for monitoring the physiological aspects is essential for quality seedlings. Thus, the study aimed to evaluate the behavior of Myracrodruon urundeuva diaspore under different periods and storage environments, and verify the testing of individual exudate pH in the physiological monitoring. The experimental design was completely randomized, factorial 2 × 8 (8 periods of storage and 2 storage environments) with four replications of 25 diaspores, using the Tukey test at 5% probability for average comparisons. After analysis of variance, it was performed regression analysis for the quantitative factor and simple Pearson correlation test. The variables analyzed were moisture content, seedling emergence (E) emergence velocity index (IVE), mean emergence time (TME) and the pH of the individual exudate. The results of E, IVE, TME tests indicated that the Myracrodruon urundeuva diaspores could be stored for ten months in room fridge, with low vigor loss. The pH test individual exudate showed lower estimates of simple Pearson correlation with the emergence test, not monitoring the physiological potential of Myracrodruon urundeuva diaspores.       

Effect of Temperature on Clopyralid Safety in Strawberry

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 347-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaun M. Sharpe ◽  
Nathan S. Boyd ◽  
Peter J. Dittmar ◽  
Greg E. MacDonald ◽  
Rebecca L. Darnell
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Growth Chamber ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Horticultural Crop ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Hand Weeding ◽  
Growing Conditions

AbstractStrawberry is an important horticultural crop in Florida. The long growing season and escapes from fumigation and PRE herbicides necessitate POST weed management to maximize harvest potential and efficiency. Alternatives to hand-weeding are desirable, but clopyralid is the only broadleaf herbicide registered for use. Weed control may be improved by early-season clopyralid applications, but at risk of high temperature and increased strawberry injury. The effect of temperature on clopyralid safety on strawberry is unknown. We undertook a growth chamber experiment using a completely randomized design to determine crop safety under various temperature conditions across acclimation, herbicide application, and post-application periods. There was no effect of clopyralid on the number of strawberry leaves across all temperatures. Damage to the strawberry manifested as leaf malformations. Acclimation temperatures affected clopyralid-associated injury (p=0.0309), with increased leaf malformations at higher temperatures (27 C) compared to lower (18 C) temperatures. Pre-treatment temperatures did not affect clopyralid injury. Post-application temperature also affected clopyralid injury (p=0.0161), with increased leaf malformations at higher temperatures compared to lower ones. Clopyralid application did not reduce flowering or biomass production in the growth chamber. If leaf malformations are to be avoided, consideration to growing conditions prior to application is advisable, especially if applying clopyralid early in the season.

Comparison of central and northern European winter rye cultivars grown at high latitudes

2003 ◽  
Vol 141 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. HAKALA ◽  
K. PAHKALA
Keyword(s):  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Growth Chamber ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Adverse Conditions ◽  
Northern European ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
Hybrid Cultivar ◽  
Better Than

Finnish rye (Secale cereale L.) cultivars are extremely tolerant of freezing and are fairly resistant to low-temperature fungal infection. Finnish cultivars usually have long straw, are lodging-sensitive, low yielding and have low Hagberg falling number. Many central European rye cultivars have been bred to overcome these problems, but are less winter hardy and have lower yield stability under northern conditions. In the present study, the development and growth of Finnish and foreign rye cultivars were compared in the field and also under simulated average autumn hardening conditions in a growth chamber. Leaf elongation, but not tillering, of both Finnish and foreign rye cultivars ceased during the simulated hardening period in the growth chamber. At the end of the hardening period, both Finnish and foreign cultivars had reached equal dry weights and soluble sugar contents of crowns and leaves. It was concluded that in a typical Finnish autumn, the foreign and domestic cultivars responded similarly when development and hardening were monitored. Thus, the risks related to overwintering are likely to be emphasized under adverse conditions either in the autumn or in the spring. In the field, a German hybrid cultivar performed better than a Finnish population cultivar under favourable growing conditions, but when stresses such as drought occurred, it lost its superiority. When low seeding rates were used, the Finnish cultivar compensated through tillering more efficiently than the German one for the reduced number of main shoots. However, the yield potential of the German cultivar was, in general, higher irrespective of seeding rate. This was due to a higher photosynthesis rate, larger harvest index and grain size.

scholarly journals Comparison of Genomic Selection Models for Exploring Predictive Ability of Complex Traits in Breeding Programs

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lance F. Merrick ◽  
Arron H. Carter
Keyword(s):  
Complex Traits ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Predictive Ability ◽  
Complex Trait ◽  
Parametric Models ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Mapping Panel ◽  
Increase In Accuracy

AbstractTraits with a complex unknown genetic architecture are common in breeding programs. However, they pose a challenge for selection due to a combination of complex environmental and pleiotropic effects that impede the ability to create mapping populations to characterize the trait’s genetic basis. One such trait, seedling emergence of wheat (Triticum aestivumL.) from deep planting, presents a unique opportunity to explore the best method to use and implement GS models to predict a complex trait. 17 GS models were compared using two training populations, consisting of 473 genotypes from a diverse association mapping panel (DP) phenotyped from 2015-2019 and the other training population consisting of 643 breeding lines phenotyped in 2015 and 2020 in Lind, WA with 40,368 markers. There were only a few significant differences between GS models, with support vector machines reaching the highest accuracy of 0.56 in a single breeding line trial using cross-validations. However, the consistent moderate accuracy of cBLUP and other parametric models indicates no need to implement computationally demanding non-parametric models for complex traits. There was an increase in accuracy using cross-validations from 0.40 to 0.41 and independent validations from 0.10 to 0.17 using diversity panels lines to breeding lines. The environmental effects of complex traits can be overcome by combining years of the same populations. Overall, our study showed that breeders can accurately predict and implement GS for a complex trait by using parametric models within their own breeding programs with increased accuracy as they combine training populations over the years.

scholarly journals A MOISTURE CAPTURE SYSTEM FOR REDUCING SUPPLEMENTAL WATER REQUIREMENTS FOR CANTALOUPE PRODUCTION IN SEMI-ARID REGIONS.

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 587b-587
Author(s):  
David A. Bender ◽  
Frank J. Dainello
Keyword(s):  
Arid Regions ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Emergence Time ◽  
Plastic Mulch ◽  
Supplemental Irrigation ◽  
Vine Growth ◽  
Soil Temperatures ◽  
Semi Arid

Trenched beds covered with plastic mulch was used to capture and retain precipitation for dryland cantaloupe production. Two trenches were formed in the fall in raised beds. Plastic mulch was laid over the beds and slitted at ca. 1 meter intervals over the trenches. Soil was placed over the slits, conforming the plastic to the shape of the trenches and channeling precipitation into the beds. Cantaloupes were seeded in the spring and grown with no supplemental irrigation. Planting moisture was significantly greater under the capture system than in unmulched beds. Seedling emergence time was reduced from 18 to 6 days and vine growth in the first 6 weeks was almost doubled. Total and marketable yields were doubled and fruit size significantly increased when water was limiting. Elevated soil temperatures under the mulch enhanced plant growth and yield even when moisture was not limiting. Combining a moisture capture system with supplemental irrigation could allow commercial production of cucurbit crops under limited water conditions in semi-arid areas.

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