scholarly journals Morphological and Physiological Changes in Sedum spectabile during Flower Formation Induced by Photoperiod

2015 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 426-431
Author(s):  
Cuiqin YANG ◽  
Xiyao WANG ◽  
Yaoguo QIN ◽  
Xin SUN ◽  
Qiang WANG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Floral Development ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Floral Induction ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Flower Formation ◽  
Soluble Sugar Content ◽  
Apical Buds ◽  
Long Day

Sedum spectabile is an ornamental herbaceous perennial considered as a long-day plant. Varying levels of hormones and sugars possibly affect flower bud formation. This study aimed to determine the changes in endogenous hormones, sugars, and respiration levels in leaves and in apical buds. In addition, the current research was also conducted to observe the morphological changes during the induction, initiation and development of flower buds. Results showed that the periods of floral induction, initiation and development of S. spectabile were the period from 0 d to 1 d, 2 d to 10 d and after 11 d respectively under long day of 20 hours. High zeatin level in apical buds was conducive to floral induction; the increasing levels of gibberrelin and indole acetic acid favor floral initiation; floral development was regulated by mutually synergistic and antagonistic relationships of hormones. The total starch content in leaves remarkably decreased during floral induction. Moreover, soluble sugar content increased and reached the maximum level at 20 d of the treatment period. Afterward, soluble sugar content declined rapidly and was probably transported to the apical buds for rapid floral development. Furthermore, the total respiration of leaves maintained an upward trend; the cytochrome pathway also maintained an increasing trend after the plants were treated for 20 d. Such changes may favour the morphological differentiation of apical buds in floral development.

scholarly journals A Long-Day Photoperiod and 6-Benzyladenine Promote Runner Formation through Upregulation of Soluble Sugar Content in Strawberry

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (14) ◽  
pp. 4917
Author(s):  
Yali Li ◽  
Jiangtao Hu ◽  
Hao Wei ◽  
Byoung Ryong Jeong
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Orthogonal Test ◽  
Influential Factor ◽  
Asexual Propagation ◽  
Soluble Sugar Content ◽  
Long Day ◽  
Seed Propagation ◽  
Dimensional Electrophoresis

Commercial strawberries are mainly propagated using daughter plants produced on aerial runners because asexual propagation is faster than seed propagation, and daughter plants retain the characteristics of the mother plant. This study was conducted to investigate the effective factors for runner induction, as well as the molecular mechanisms behind the runner induction. An orthogonal test with 4 factors (photoperiod, temperature, gibberellin, and 6-benzyladenine), each with 3 levels was performed. Proteins were also extracted from the crowns with or without runners and separated by two-dimensional electrophoresis. The results of the orthogonal test showed that a long-day (LD) environment was the most influential factor for the runner formation, and 50 mg·L−1 of 6-BA significantly increased the number of runners. A proteomic analysis revealed that 32 proteins were differentially expressed (2-fold, p < 0.05) in the strawberry crowns with and without runners. A total of 16 spots were up-regulated in the crowns with runners induced by LD treatment. Identified proteins were classified into seven groups according to their biological roles. The most prominent groups were carbohydrate metabolism and photosynthesis, which indicated that the carbohydrate content may increase during runner formation. A further analysis demonstrated that the soluble sugar content was positively correlated with the number of runners. Thus, it is suggested that the photoperiod and 6-BA break the dormancy of the axillary buds and produce runners by increasing the soluble sugar content in strawberry.

DRY WEIGHT, SOLUBLE SUGAR CONTENT, AND STARCH CONTENT OF MAIZE KERNELS DURING THE EARLY POSTSILKING PERIOD

1978 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 199-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. TOLLENAAR ◽  
T. B. DAYNARD
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Soluble Sugar Content ◽  
Maize Kernels

Kernel development was studied in the maize (Zea mays L.) hybrids United-H106 and Funk’s G-4444, grown in a controlled-environment growth room. A method was employed in which husks were excised, and kernels were removed from the same set of ears at several subsequent sampling dates. This method did not affect the dry matter accumulation of the remaining kernels. Basal kernels (kernel numbers 6–15 in the row) and tip kernels (kernel numbers 31–40) were removed at 2-day intervals during the period from 10 to 20 days postsilking. Dry weight, ethanol-soluble sugar content, and starch content were determined for each sample. Accumulation of dry matter in the tip kernels ceased in a fraction of the United-H106 ears at the onset of the period of linear tip-kernel dry matter accumulation. Only small differences were observed in sugar content between growing and non-growing tip kernels of ears of United-H106. Starch appeared to continue to accumulate in kernels in which dry matter had ceased to accumulate. Except for a delay of approximately 2 days, the pattern of development of tip kernels in Funk’s G-4444 was similar to that of kernels at the base.

The Influence of Chlorophenoxy Herbicides MCPA on Creeping Bentgrass Physiological Index

2011 ◽  
Vol 356-360 ◽  
pp. 2763-2766 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Fan Gao ◽  
Ming Wang Shi ◽  
Jian Hua Wang
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Creeping Bentgrass ◽  
Physiological Index ◽  
Soluble Sugar Content ◽  
Content Determination ◽  
Chlorophenoxy Herbicides ◽  
Test Result

In this article, we studied to different concentrations of MCPA to creeping bentgrass Growth. Through the creeping bentgrass in four different periods of chlorophyll content, MDA and soluble sugar content determination. This test result showed:With the MCPA concentration increases, creeping bentgrass decline of chlorophyll content in the same period of growth, MDA and soluble sugar content increased. MCPA used after the early pair of creeping bentgrass growth is large, to put off with MCPA handle time, to affect to creeping bentgrass growth is gradually decreased.

scholarly journals Transcriptome Analysis and Identification of Genes Associated with Starch Metabolism in Castanea henryi Seed (Fagaceae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 1431 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bin Liu ◽  
Ruqiang Lin ◽  
Yuting Jiang ◽  
Shuzhen Jiang ◽  
Yuanfang Xiong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Candidate Genes ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Starch Accumulation ◽  
Transcriptional Level ◽  
Potential Candidate ◽  
Starch Metabolism ◽  
Carbohydrate Storage

Starch is the most important form of carbohydrate storage and is the major energy reserve in some seeds, especially Castanea henryi. Seed germination is the beginning of the plant’s life cycle, and starch metabolism is important for seed germination. As a complex metabolic pathway, the regulation of starch metabolism in C. henryi is still poorly understood. To explore the mechanism of starch metabolism during the germination of C. henryi, we conducted a comparative gene expression analysis at the transcriptional level using RNA-seq across four different germination stages, and analyzed the changes in the starch and soluble sugar contents. The results showed that the starch content increased in 0–10 days and decreased in 10–35 days, while the soluble sugar content continuously decreased in 0–30 days and increased in 30–35 days. We identified 49 candidate genes that may be associated with starch and sucrose metabolism. Three ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase) genes, two nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterases (NPPS) genes and three starch synthases (SS) genes may be related to starch accumulation. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to validate the expression levels of these genes. Our study combined transcriptome data with physiological and biochemical data, revealing potential candidate genes that affect starch metabolism during seed germination, and provides important data about starch metabolism and seed germination in seed plants.

scholarly journals Effects of Biochar on Soluble Sugar Content in Peach Seedlings

2019 ◽  
Vol 136 ◽  
pp. 07010
Author(s):  
Jing Sun ◽  
Zhiyu Li ◽  
Jinpeng Zhu ◽  
Yuxi Wang ◽  
Tonghao Cui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Corn Straw ◽  
Paddy Straw ◽  
Soluble Sugar Content ◽  
Rape Straw ◽  
Significant Difference

A pot experiment was conducted to study the effects of different biochar types [addition of rape straw biochar (RB), addition of paddy straw biochar (PB), addition of wheat straw biochar (WB) and addition of corn straw biochar (MB)] on the soluble sugar content and plant height of peach seedlings. The result showed that the soluble sugar content in roots and leaves of peach seedlings treated with biochar was lower than the control. However, the soluble sugar content in stems was higher than control compared with the control. In the soluble sugar content in the aboveground part, there was no significant difference between the treatment of adding biochar and the control except for the treatment of PB. All the treatment of adding biochar increased the plant height of peach seedlings except the treatment of MB than the control and the treatment of RB and PB were at a higher level. Compared to control, all biochar addition treatments increased stem diameter of peach seedlings and the treatment of RB and PB were at a higher level. Therefore, the treatment of RB and PB was beneficial to the growth of peach seedlings.

Genetic characteristics and QTL analysis of the soluble sugar content in ripe tomato fruits

2021 ◽  
Vol 276 ◽  
pp. 109785
Author(s):  
Yao Tang ◽  
Jing Ren ◽  
Chunxin Liu ◽  
Jingbin Jiang ◽  
Huanhuan Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Qtl Analysis ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Tomato Fruits ◽  
Genetic Characteristics ◽  
Soluble Sugar Content ◽  
Ripe Tomato

scholarly journals WHIRLY1 Regulates HSP21.5A Expression to Promote Thermotolerance in Tomato

2019 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 169-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kunyang Zhuang ◽  
Yangyang Gao ◽  
Zhuangbin Liu ◽  
Pengfei Diao ◽  
Na Sui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Heat Shock ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Membrane Stability ◽  
Heat Shock Factors ◽  
Soluble Sugar Content ◽  
Ros Accumulation ◽  
Elicitor Response

Abstract Heat stress poses a major threat to plant productivity and crop yields. The induction of heat shock proteins (HSPs) by heat shock factors is a principal defense response of plants exposed to heat stress. In this study, we identified and analyzed the heat stress-induced Whirly1 (SlWHY1) gene in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). We generated various SlWHY1-overexpressing (OE) and SlWHY1-RNA interference (RNAi) lines to investigate the role of WHIRLY1 in thermotolerance. Compared with the wild type (WT), the OE lines showed less wilting, as reflected by their increased membrane stability and soluble sugar content and reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation under heat stress. By contrast, RNAi lines with inhibited SlWHY1 expression showed the opposite phenotype and corresponding physiological indices under heat stress. The heat-induced gene SlHSP21.5A, encoding an endoplasmic reticulum-localized HSP, was upregulated in the OE lines and downregulated in the RNAi lines compared with the WT. RNAi-mediated inhibition of SlHSP21.5A expression also resulted in reduced membrane stability and soluble sugar content and increased ROS accumulation under heat stress compared with the WT. SlWHY1 binds to the elicitor response element-like element in the promoter of SlHSP21.5A to activate its transcription. These findings suggest that SlWHY1 promotes thermotolerance in tomato by regulating SlHSP21.5A expression.

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