scholarly journals National report 2009-2019 - Rural NEET in Turkey

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Gender Gap ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Labour Force Participation ◽  
Ageing Population ◽  
Statistical Institute ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Status ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
Youth Population ◽  
Public Datasets

This report describes the situation of rural Youths Neither in Employment, nor in Education or Training (NEET) aged between 15 and 34 years old, over the last decade (2009-2019) in Turkey. To achieve this goal, the report portrays indicators of youth population, youth employment and unemployment, education and NEETs distribution. Since the urban/rural distinction is not clear in Turkey, the overtime change in the status of the Rural NEETs can-not be analysed.The adopted statistical procedures across the different selected dimensions involves descriptive longitudinal analysis, using graphical displays (e.g., overlay line charts) as well as the calculation of proportional absolute and relative changes between 2009 and 2013, 2013 and 2019 and 2009 and 2019. These time ranges were chosen to capture the indi-cators evolution before and after the economic crisis that hit European countries. All data was extracted from Eurostat public datasets, in addition we also used the statistics provi-ded by the Statistical Institute of Turkey, in addition to some academic works.The analyses show that Turkey has an ageing population, and that the share of the youth in the population declined over years. The relatively younger population of Turkey has pre-viously always been accepted as an advantage, but this advantage has disappeared with declining birth rates. The transition to a new administrative system in 2012 prevents a de-tailed analysis of the situation of rural NEETS. However, the available data shows that there is a significant gender gap and the lower levels of female labour force participation has led to the emergence of the NEETs as a gendered problem.

scholarly journals VOCATIONAL TRAINING AND EDUCATION IN NORTH-EAST INDIA: ACCESS AND LABOUR MARKET OUTCOMES

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anupam Sarkar
Keyword(s):  
Gender Gap ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Labour Force Participation ◽  
Work Conditions ◽  
Vocational Education And Training ◽  
North East India ◽  
North East ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

India’s north-east region, comprising of eight States is one of the less industrialised and economically backward areas of the country. Lack of skilled manpower has been identified as one of the major reasons for the underdevelopment of the manufacturing sector. Recently, the government of India has embarked on an ambitious target of improving the skill base of the country through expansion of the vocational education and training (VET) programmes. In this context, the paper examines the access to VET among the working-age population and the impact on employment and earnings using the Annual Report of the Periodic Labour Force Survey 2017-18. The paper argues that despite the recent initiatives on massive skilling of the country's youth a very little section of NE has accessed formal VET. Moreover, although it has some impact on raising labour force participation, there is no evidence that formal VET courses are effective enough to increase earnings, bridge the gender gap in wages, or the improving work conditions of the VET holders.

scholarly journals National report 2009-2019 - Rural NEET in Germany

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Youth Unemployment ◽  
Rural Youth ◽  
Youth Employment ◽  
Early School ◽  
Europe 2020 ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Youth Population ◽  
Low Educated ◽  
Public Datasets

This report outlines in detail the situation of rural Youths Neither in Employment, nor in Education or Training (NEET) aged between 15 and 34 years old, over the last decade (2009-2019) in Germany. To do this, the report utilised indicators of: youth population; youth employment and unemployment; education; and, NEETs distribution. The characte-risation of all indicators adopted the degree of urbanisation as a central criterion, enabling proportional comparisons between rural areas, towns and suburbs, cities and the whole country. These analyses are further divided into age subgroups and, where possible, into sex groups for greater detail. The statistical procedures adopted across the different selected dimensions involve: des-criptive longitudinal analysis; using graphical displays (e.g., overlay line charts); and, the calculation of proportional absolute and relative changes between 2009 and 2013, 2013 and 2019, and finally 2009 and 2019. These time ranges were chosen to capture the in-dicators evolution before and after the economic crisis which hit European countries. All data was extracted from Eurostat public datasets. The analyses show that the rural youth population aged 15 to 24 years significantly increa-sed between 2009 and 2012 and then decreased slightly until 2019. The youth employment rate in Germany is generally increasing, and is at all times significantly higher in rural areas than in cities, towns and suburbs. The reverse trend applies to youth unemployment, which generally decreased in the observed period and which is at all times lowest in rural areas. A look at educational attainment levels showed a slight decline in rural areas of low educated persons between 2009 and 2019, while the proportion of rural youth with medium and high education slightly increased. At the same time, the proportion of early school leavers in rural areas after an increase until 2011, fell sharply and reached the 2009 level again by 2019. Be-ing 9% in 2019, it remains, at least in rural areas, slightly below the 10% target defined by the Europe 2020 strategy. Finally, the proportion of NEETs in Germany is lower in rural areas in all age classes and as a whole decreased significantly from 2009 to 2019.

scholarly journals Towards gender equality in the labour markets of Canada, USA and Russia: an overview of progress in achievement of international commitments

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-50
Author(s):  
Maria Yu. Beletskaya ◽  
Elena A. Zotova
Keyword(s):  
Gender Equality ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Labour Force Participation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Work And Family ◽  
Policy Action ◽  
Family Responsibilities ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Employment Of Women

In 2019, the International Labour Organization (ILO), together with the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), prepared and presented to the G20 leaders a report entitled “Women at work in G20 countries: Progress and policy action”. According to the report, Canada, the United States and Russia show the lowest results among the G20 countries in reaching the goal of reducing the gender gap in labour force participation by 25 percent by 2025. This is largely due to the relatively high levels of gender equality that have already been achieved in these countries. The article analyzes the policy of Canada, the USA and Russia towards women at work in four directions: 1) measures taken by national Governments, in cooperation with social partners, to increase women’s participation in the labour force and to overcome cultural and behavioural barriers to the employment of women; 2) measures to increase women’s ability to earn decent wages, including through lifelong learning, upgrading qualifications and skills development; 3) measures to reduce the proportion of women employed in the informal sector and in low-paid jobs; 4) measures to protect women in labour market in order to encourage men and women to combine work and family and share family responsibilities equitably.

scholarly journals INCOME INEQUALITY ACROSS STATES IN MALAYSIA

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nai Peng Tey ◽  
Siow Li Lai ◽  
Sor Tho Ng ◽  
Kim Leng Goh ◽  
Ahmad Farid Osman
Keyword(s):  
Labour Force ◽  
Labour Force Participation ◽  
Northern Region ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Income Per Capita ◽  
Income Differentials ◽  
East Malaysia ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Nationally Representative

This paper examines income differentials across the 16 states/territories in Malaysia, using quantile regression of income per capita on a nationally representative sample of 24,463 households in 2014. The results show that the vast differentials in income per capita across states are attenuated after taking into account urban-rural and ethnic distribution, but remain significant. Income differentials across states vary at different levels of income, being more pronounced at the lower ends of the distributions. States and territory in the central region had the highest income. The three states in the southern regions fared better than those in the northern region (except Penang), and the eastern region as well as East Malaysia. Other variables such as level of urbanisation, the educational level, migration, employment structure, and female labour force participation may also affect income differentials across states.

scholarly journals Migration, Education and the Gender Gap in Labour Force Participation

2014 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 509-526 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilhom Abdulloev ◽  
Ira N Gang ◽  
Myeong-Su Yun
Keyword(s):  
Gender Gap ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Labour Force Participation

Balancing work and care: the effect of paid adult medical leave policies on employment in Europe

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
DEEPA JAHAGIRDAR ◽  
MICHELLE DIMITRIS ◽  
ERIN STRUMPF ◽  
JAY S. KAUFMAN ◽  
SAM HARPER ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gender Roles ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Informal Caregivers ◽  
Labour Force Participation ◽  
Informal Caregiving ◽  
Support Needs ◽  
Ageing Population ◽  
Formal Care ◽  
Medical Leave ◽  
Close Relationship

Increasing caregiving needs for family members has created pressure on prime-age workers. Combined with the ageing population, the demand for care related to illness and disability by relatives mean more of the workforce may have to consider caring needs (Bauer and Sousa-Poza, 2015). ‘Informal caregivers’ provide care generally without payment (Yoo et al., 2004). In contrast to formal care, informal caregivers usually have a close relationship with the recipient: for example, siblings and adult children. Informal caregiving is considered a desirable option to meet support needs from several perspectives; these caregivers may be preferred by recipients relative to formal arrangements especially during severe acute illnesses. Caregivers may also feel a personal sense of responsibility to look after loved ones rather than defer to strangers (Fine, 2012) though this may depend on the individual’s needs and the available alternatives. Although men are starting to play an important role due to shifting social gender roles, the vast majority of informal caregivers are women who increasingly attempt to juggle caring with labour force participation (Carmichael et al., 2008).

scholarly journals Revisiting the Trends of Female Labour Force Participation in Indonesia

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 193
Author(s):  
Ariane Utomo
Keyword(s):  
Gender Gap ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Labour Force Participation ◽  
International Labor Organization ◽  
Female Labour ◽  
International Labor ◽  
Recent Trends ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
Asean Countries ◽  
Global Gender Gap Index

<p>There are two problems that often emerge in public discussions about the recent trends in the level of participation of the female labor force in Indonesia. The first is the low Indonesian female labour force partipation rate (FLFPR) compared to other ASEAN countries. The second is the trend of stagnation of Indonesian FLFPR—at around 51%—over almost three decades. By reviewing cross-country data from the Global Gender Gap Index and the International Labor Organization, this article rests on the argument that the two features of Indonesian FLFPR are not merely bad news, and should be read in the context of large economic growth and social change in Indonesia. But a more critical and thorough interpretation of the trend of this indicator does not deny the fact that there is still wide room to improve women's economic participation and opportunity in Indonesia.</p><p> </p>

scholarly journals GENDER GAP INDEX FOR EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITY

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (9) ◽  
pp. 39-48
Author(s):  
Shweta Tewari ◽  
Rajshree Chouhan ◽  
Sanjeev
Keyword(s):  
Women Workers ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
Unemployment Rate ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Participation Rate ◽  
Labour Force Participation ◽  
Work Place ◽  
Labour Force Participation Rate

Women account for nearly half of the human resources of a nation and play an important role in the socio-economic development of a country. In India, in spite of focus on women empowerment, condition of women at the work place is not very encouraging. Women often face greater barriers than men in terms of securing a decent jobs, wages and conducive working conditions. Provisions relating to women’s work were introduced in 1891, with amendment of the Factories Act, 1881. After independence, number of provisions has been made in the constitutions to protect the welfare of women workers. Number of protective legislations have also been made and implemented by the government for the interest of women workers. The basic objective behind implementation of these legislation are to provide equal and a decent level of remuneration, proper child care center , maternity relief and decent working conditions to women workers. Despite these constitutional and legislative arrangements to reduce gender gap, women in India are facing discrimination at work place and suffer from harassment. The present paper critically reviewed the effectiveness of government policies and legislations framed and enacted for the welfare of women workers. It also examines the gender dimensions of the trends in various aspects of labour market viz. labour force participation rate, workforce participation rate, unemployment rate and wage rate. An attempt has been made to capture the discrimination at work by computing Gender Gap Index using major indicators of labour market. For computing the index, data for the last four decades has been used. The analysis shows that there are gaps in effective enforcement of relevant laws and implementation of women responsive policies. The gender gap index for employment opportunities and the analysis of major employment indicators showed that gender gap is increasing in many aspects. Major indicators of employment such as Labour Force participation rate, Worker population ratio, Unemployment rate and wages now have larger gender gaps than before.

Is Female Labour Force Participation Really Low and Declining in Pakistan? A look at Alternative Data Sources

1987 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 699-709
Author(s):  
M. Afzal ◽  
Zafar Moeen Nasir
Keyword(s):  
Labour Force ◽  
Participation Rate ◽  
Labour Force Participation ◽  
Cultural Changes ◽  
Female Labour ◽  
Female Workers ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Status ◽  
Working Out ◽  
Status Of Women

For working out appropriate strategies and action programmes in order to fully utilize human resources for development and to advance the role and the status of women in society, it is essential that the statistical data collected on female participation in economic activity should reflect their position adequately and accurately in all the relevant sectors. In Pakistan, and other developing countries, the rural-agricultural segments, in the overall population have a large number of female workers who, directly and indirectly, contribute to agriculture, household and other unregistered rural activities. Similarly, in the urban organized sector, the work participation rate of women has registered a constant increase as a result of the social, economic and cultural changes which are taking place in these countries due to their development programmes.

Facets of the Gender Gap in Labour Force Participation and Economic Empowerment Disruption

2022 ◽  
pp. 146-161
Author(s):  
S. K. Baral ◽  
Durga Madhab Mahapatra ◽  
Soumendra Kumar Patra
Keyword(s):  
Gender Gap ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Labour Force Participation ◽  
Economic Empowerment ◽  
Female Labour Force Participation ◽  
Female Labour ◽  
The Public ◽  
Indian Economy ◽  
Cultural Aspects ◽  
The Social

According to Centre for Monitoring Indian Economy (CMIE) data, the average employment for January 2019-March 2020 was 403 million, which declined to 282 million in April 2020 and recovered steadily thereafter to reach 393million by August 2020. In India, female labour force participation is abysmally poor and has declined over the years, despite a rise in education. The causes for this are complex and, aside from objective factors, include a whole variety of social and cultural aspects. One of the factors causing this is the social mentality of women becoming homemakers. Furthermore, the scarcity of schooling and work-oriented courses, the lack of mobility, and sexism in the workplace have been deterrents to women's access to the public workspace. Therefore, initiatives that aim to fix this void need to be holistic. Legislation alone is not enough, and to close this gap, all stakeholders should join hands. The chapter attempts to analyse facets of the gender gap in labour force participation and economic empowerment disruption through the pandemic.

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