scholarly journals The construction of buildings and structures in extremally climatic conditions: features of the organization of works and used materials

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Funk
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Deep Foundations ◽  
Construction Technology ◽  
Destructive Effect ◽  
Environment Temperature ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
High Level

The author considers the features of the organization of works and construction materials used in the construction of buildings and structures in extreme climatic conditions. Also, the features of the influence of climatic conditions on the quality and basic properties of building materials, construction technology, etc. the High level of complexity of the organization of construction works, in particular, in the Arctic, caused by the aggressive environment, temperature changes (especially low in winter), land work is complicated by permafrost. This especially affects deep foundations, pipes, basement panels, piles. The author notes that the destruction of such objects is affected by the saturation of their ground water with its circulation from the bottom up. Also has a destructive effect and hydrostatic pressure, sea, river and lake water, next to which the construction site is being built. The author comes to the conclusion that the construction of buildings and structures, taking into account the construction area, which is characterized by certain meteorological and climatic conditions, has certain features, respectively, to increase the efficiency of construction in extreme climatic conditions-is a complex multi-faceted task of the organization and technology of construction production, designed to improve the quality of construction, reduce the timing of its implementation, labor and cost of work.

scholarly journals Susceptibility of earth-based construction materials to fungal proliferation: laboratory and in situ assessment

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 140-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexis Simons ◽  
Alexandra Bertron ◽  
Christophe Roux ◽  
Aurélie Laborel-Préneron ◽  
Jean-Emmanuel Aubert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Manufacturing Process ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Microbial Density ◽  
Microbial Proliferation ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Ecological Construction ◽  
The Impact

The impact of building materials on the environment and the health of occupants is nowadays a priority issue. Ecological construction materials such as earthen materials are currently experiencing a regain of interest due to both ecological and economic factors. The microbial proliferation on indoor materials can induce a deterioration of the building air quality and lead to an increase of health risks for the occupants. The issue of indoor air quality raises questions about the use of earthen building materials and their possible susceptibility to fungal development. The microflora of earthen materials and their ability to grow on such support are indeed poorly studied. This study focused on the quantification of both bacterial and fungal microflora along the manufacturing process. The impact of extreme humidity, simulating a hydric accident, on microflora development was analyzed on the surface and inside earthen bricks. The initial microflora of these materials was dramatically reduced during the manufacturing process, especially after heat treatment for drying. Proliferation of remaining microorganisms was only observed under high humidity condition, in particular for earthen materials with vegetal aggregates. Moreover, in situ samplings were performed on naturally dried earthen materials used in buildings. The characterization of the microbial density revealed a higher microbial density than on manufactured specimens, while microbial concentration and detected taxa seemed mainly related to the room use and building history. These results provide a better understanding of microbial proliferation on these materials.

The Measurement of SVOC Emission Rates from Building Materials

2017 ◽  
Vol 893 ◽  
pp. 369-374
Author(s):  
Hyun Tae Kim ◽  
Tae Woo Kim ◽  
Won Hwa Hong ◽  
Kang Guk Lee ◽  
Kim Kang Min
Keyword(s):  
House Dust ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Emission Rate ◽  
Emission Rates ◽  
Residential Homes ◽  
Chemical Substances ◽  
Other Substances ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
High Level ◽  
Qualitative Analyses

Recent studies have reported that indoor house dust contains a large volume of SVOC chemical substances such as phthalates. This study measured the SVOC emission rate from various types of building materials and conducted quantitative and qualitative analyses on the emitted substances. DBP and DEHP were detected in all building materials based on the result obtained from measuring the building materials produced in Japan, South Korea, and China. The DBP and DEHP emission rates (95 percentile) from the building materials used for the measurement in this study were 2.56 [μg/m2・h] and 11.63[μg/m2・h] respectively. Larger DBP and DEHP emission rate from building materials are believed to be the reason why a high level of DBP and DEHP is detected in house dust found in residential homes compared to other substances.

scholarly journals Strength, sustainability and affordability of bamboo and mud bricks as materials used in local construction

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Leopold Mbereyaho ◽  
Jean de Dieu Mutabaruka ◽  
Abaho G. Gershome ◽  
Armel Ineza ◽  
Ezra Ngirabatware
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Cost Estimation ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Conventional Concrete ◽  
Environment Friendly ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Mud Bricks ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Sisal Fibers

The construction industry is one of the rapidly growing and the cost analysis suggests that the materials cost is constantly increasing. The continuous extraction of aggregates intensively used in the field is negatively acting to the environment. Therefore research in construction materials should focus not only on discovering new alternative materials but also in appreciating the quality of those locally available for their better application. This research aimed at evaluating the performance of bamboo and mud bricks as two available local building materials, especially with regards not only to their strength but also to new performance concepts which are affordability, energy efficiency and environment friendly aspects. The study comprised mainly of laboratory tests of used materials and cost estimation analysis. Study results established that the considered bamboo and mud bricks, made in ordinary soils and reinforced by sisal fibers were reusable, environment friendly materials and energy efficient, with the bamboo showing the thermal conductivity equal to 0.1496 W/mK. Regarding the compressive strength, reinforced mud bricks with sisal fibers showed an increased value from 1.75 MPA to 4.29MPA, what was in line with related previous studies. The average compressive strength of the studied Arundinaria Alpine bamboo was established at 133,7MPA, while its tensile strength was 88.16MPA and these values were reasonable with comparison to other conventional materials. It is recommended that further research in checking the performance of other types of bamboo as well as about new construction technologies be undertaken in order to enhance the service life of both bamboo and mud bricks.Keywords: Affordability, Bamboo, Conventional concrete, Materials strength, Mud reinforced bricks, Sustainability

scholarly journals Progress of Building Materials and Foundation Engineering in Ancient Iraq

2012 ◽  
Vol 446-449 ◽  
pp. 220-241
Author(s):  
Al Taie Entidhar ◽  
Al Ansari Nadhir ◽  
Sven Knutsson
Keyword(s):  
Critical Review ◽  
Life Style ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Foundation Engineering ◽  
Agricultural Activities ◽  
Natural Materials ◽  
Ancient Mesopotamia ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Engineering Practices

Humans realised the importance of housing since the dawn of history. The first man used the caves as shelter. When agricultural activities dominated the life style of humans, villages started to be constructed. Later these were developed into cities. The dawn of civilization started in Iraq. The inhabitants in that time used the available natural materials in their construction. Reviewing the progress of engineering practices of ancient Iraq, reveals the facts that the inhabitants were aware of the principles of construction and engineering. The materials used and the design of the buildings were very suitable from both environmental and engineering perspectives. This work is a critical review of the progress and development of engineering practices and construction materials used in ancient Mesopotamia

scholarly journals Micropalaeontology reveals the source of building materials for a defensive earthwork (English Civil War?) at Wallingford Castle, Oxfordshire

2010 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian P. Wilkinson ◽  
Alison Tasker ◽  
Anthony Gouldwell ◽  
Mark Williams ◽  
Matt Edgeworth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
English Civil War ◽  
The West ◽  
Road Base ◽  
River Thames ◽  
Materials Used

Abstract. Microfossils recovered from sediment used to construct a putative English Civil War defensive bastion at Wallingford Castle, south Oxfordshire, provide a biostratigraphical age of Cretaceous (earliest Cenomanian) basal M. mantelli Biozone. The rock used in the buttress – which may have housed a gun emplacement – can thus be tracked to the Glauconitic Marl Member, base of the West Melbury Marly Chalk Formation. A supply of this rock is available on the castle site or to the east of the River Thames near Crowmarsh Gifford. Microfossils provide a unique means to provenance construction materials used at the Wallingford site. While serendipity may have been the chief cause for use of the Glauconitic Marl, when compacted, it forms a strong, almost ‘road base’-like foundation that was clearly of use for constructing defensive works. Indeed, use of the Glauconitic Marl was widespread in the area for agricultural purposes and its properties may have been well-known locally.

scholarly journals Construction of affordable housing using local building materials

2020 ◽  
pp. 154-165
Author(s):  
V. V. Tytok
Keyword(s):  
Affordable Housing ◽  
Industrial Waste ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Material Base ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
The Cost

Trends in housing development should be based on the geographical location and climatic conditions of the region, national characteristics and culture, natural resources, transport links, density and living standards. Construction significantly affects the socio-economic development of the region. In this regard, increasing the sustainability of the regional construction complex, which is based on the building materials industry and the construction industry is a relevant and promising area of research.Demand in the building materials market continues to stimulate increased interest in the development of new types of efficient and inexpensive building materials. Since construction is one of the most material-intensive sectors of the economy, which consumes a large number of construction materials and products, various measures are taken to reduce their cost.In this regard, recently in the construction seek to make greater use of local building materials. This allows you to unload transport from long-distance transportation and significantly reduces the cost of construction. However, the building materials industry cannot develop by focusing only on natural sources of raw materials, as the costs of their extraction and processing are constantly growing. The use of man-made waste provides production with a rich source of cheap and often already prepared raw materials, which reduces the cost of manufacturing building materials.One of the promising areas in the construction of affordable housing is the maximum use of building materials and products that can be obtained from local raw materials and industrial waste. As local building materials are offered: clay, sand, soil, straw, reeds, flax. The use of industrial waste solves both environmental, fuel and energy problems and expands the raw material base of building materials.

scholarly journals Comparative Study of Architecture of the Great Mosque at Samarra, Iraq and Ibn Tulun Mosque at Cairo, Egypt

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahid Tauqeer Ahmad ◽  
Seemin Aslam
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Construction Technology ◽  
Islamic Architecture ◽  
Built Form ◽  
Dominant Feature ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Form Type ◽  
Building Form

Ever since the emergence of Islam, mosque has always been the most dominant feature in any Islamic built environment. Over the course of time, mosque architecture has gone through a process of various forms of uses and expressions in terms of its transformation. Its style, layout, building form, type of ornamentation used, building materials and construction technology usually provide vital information not only about the practice of Islam in general but also about the timeline, prevailing geopolitical environment, religious conviction, purpose, need and the region in which the mosque was built. This research paper emphasizes the study of the general characteristics of the two earliest examples of mosques in Islamic architecture through extensive literature review. It also highlights the historical and geopolitical context, built form, size, shape, configuration, color, texture, materials used, scale and type of decorative elements of the two most outstanding and heavily restored mosques to date.

scholarly journals Study of the stress-strain state of reinforced geosynthetic material or the foundation of the bored foundation of the bridge

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergey Kudryavtsev ◽  
Tatiana Valtseva ◽  
Vyacheslav Shemyakin ◽  
Yuliya Bugunova ◽  
Zhanna Kotenko
Keyword(s):  
Bearing Capacity ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Nonlinear Models ◽  
Far East ◽  
Soil Mass ◽  
Operational Reliability ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Stable Operation ◽  
Rational Solutions ◽  
High Level

The building of constructions in northern regions of the Far East is always connected with a high degree of seasonal freezing risk. This especially refers to a line transport structures which require a high level of reliability and responsibility. Such structures should provide permissible deformability and bearing capacity of the bases when exposed to promising moving loads in difficult geological and climatic conditions. The article discusses the study of the foundations of bored foundations of bridges using methods of mathematical modeling and geosynthetic materials. The study used standard and numerical calculation methods to determine the rational parameters of structural elements and the degree of their operational reliability and durability. In determining the behavior of structures as a whole with the joint interaction of their individual elements with each other, nonlinear models of the soil of the base of the structures were used. Numerical modeling of bored foundations in an elasto-plastic soil mass allowed us to develop effective structural solutions to reduce the deformability of the bridge and increase the bearing capacity of the pile foundation due to reinforcing measures during the construction of the grillage and the creation of rational parameters of the structure as a whole. One of the rational solutions for the main issues which is connected with a construction of facilities in the areas with complex geological and climatic conditions is reasonable usage of modern geosynthetic material properties. Such materials are capable of providing long-term stable operation of facilities made of local building materials. So, the properties of such geosynthetics materials must fully comply with the demands of conditions of their work in the structures and provide a long lifespan as well as high quality.

scholarly journals (34) Energy and Capital Costs of High Tunnel Construction

HortScience ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 1077A-1077
Author(s):  
Michael K. Bomford ◽  
Anthony Silvernail
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Average Energy ◽  
Economic Incentive ◽  
Embodied Energy ◽  
High Tunnel ◽  
Capital Costs ◽  
Total Capital ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
National Organic Program

Commercial vegetable growers in Kentucky have used high tunnels for year-round production for the past decade. They suggest it is a more energy-efficient and economical means of supplying off-season vegetables to the region than trucking field-grown produce from warmer regions. In 2005, we erected a 9 × 12-m high tunnel, designed to comply with National Organic Program standards, at the Kentucky State University Research Farm. We recorded the retail cost of each component, and estimated its embodied energy using published figures for common building materials. The materials used for construction were valued at $2830, and contained 59 GJ of embodied energy. The frame and plastic cladding accounted for 36% and 24% of the total capital cost, and 28% and 37% of the embodied energy, respectively, with other components accounting for the remainder. Assuming that the frame, plastic cladding and other components last 20, 4, and 10 years, respectively, the average cost of the tunnel is $328/year, and the average energy input is 8 GJ/year. The plastic cladding accounts for 50% of the annual amortized cost, and 66% of the embodied energy. If the structure is used to grow 2000 heads of lettuce each winter, and 450 kg of early market tomatoes each spring, it could generate sufficient income to recover the total cost of construction materials in its first year. Trucking this amount of produce from California to Kentucky would consume approximately 8 GJ. We conclude that there is an economic incentive for growers to adopt this technology, but no energy efficiency advantage to society. Longer tunnels, such as the 9 × 29-m models more commonly used by commercial vegetable growers in Kentucky, will be more energy- and capital-efficient.

Building Materials of Chinese Architecture

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qinghua Guo
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
Modular Design ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Critical Study ◽  
Construction Technology ◽  
Construction Work ◽  
Chinese Architecture ◽  
Mud Bricks ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Yingzao Fashi

This bibliography is a summation of our present knowledge of building materials used in China from prehistoric (c. 3000 bce) to premodern times (18th century). Earth, timber, stone, bricks, and tiles are the major materials developed with construction purposes. Earth and wood rendered as tu-mu are a synonym for construction work used throughout the history. In the case of earth, for example, it was used to build not only architecture but also infrastructure (such as city walls) with different techniques (e.g., direct molding and cob, rammed earth with framework and adobe [mud bricks]). China is well known for its long tradition of historical documentation; however building materials in early imperial times were only occasionally mentioned in literature, and their manufacture details were recorded in a few documents. The oldest written source in existence is the Yingzao Fashi (1103). A large number of historic buildings survived from the Ming-Qing times are timber-framed. Therefore, timber architecture has been studied more intensely than the others. And, scholarly attention has put more on the later period of Chinese architecture. Critical study of Chinese architecture did not begin until the 20th century. In the field of building materials, the academic work was scarce. Obviously, the study overlaps with a number of fields: construction, technology, architecture, and archaeology. Within the topic, this bibliography is organized in five categories: timber, stone and earth, bricks and tiles, mortars, coating and painting. Timber includes various prefabricated elements and units, such as columns, beams and block-bracket sets (dou-gong). Over time, Chinese timber architecture developed into a modular design and building standard as a system. Wooden buildings require coatings for weather proofing, which led to application of decorative coatings and paints. Drainage and waterproofing had been major issues for buildings and structures, which resulted in the development from adobe to bricks and tiles. Each section reviews main issues and lists recent scholarly contributions, as well as important database sources.

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