Strength, sustainability and affordability of bamboo and mud bricks as materials used in local construction

The construction industry is one of the rapidly growing and the cost analysis suggests that the materials cost is constantly increasing. The continuous extraction of aggregates intensively used in the field is negatively acting to the environment. Therefore research in construction materials should focus not only on discovering new alternative materials but also in appreciating the quality of those locally available for their better application. This research aimed at evaluating the performance of bamboo and mud bricks as two available local building materials, especially with regards not only to their strength but also to new performance concepts which are affordability, energy efficiency and environment friendly aspects. The study comprised mainly of laboratory tests of used materials and cost estimation analysis. Study results established that the considered bamboo and mud bricks, made in ordinary soils and reinforced by sisal fibers were reusable, environment friendly materials and energy efficient, with the bamboo showing the thermal conductivity equal to 0.1496 W/mK. Regarding the compressive strength, reinforced mud bricks with sisal fibers showed an increased value from 1.75 MPA to 4.29MPA, what was in line with related previous studies. The average compressive strength of the studied Arundinaria Alpine bamboo was established at 133,7MPA, while its tensile strength was 88.16MPA and these values were reasonable with comparison to other conventional materials. It is recommended that further research in checking the performance of other types of bamboo as well as about new construction technologies be undertaken in order to enhance the service life of both bamboo and mud bricks.Keywords: Affordability, Bamboo, Conventional concrete, Materials strength, Mud reinforced bricks, Sustainability

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Fire Resistance Behaviour of Geopolymer Concrete:An Overview

Buildings ◽

10.3390/buildings11030082 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 82

Author(s):

Salmabanu Luhar ◽

Demetris Nicolaides ◽

Ismail Luhar

Keyword(s):

Compressive Strength ◽

Thermal Resistance ◽

Building Materials ◽

Elevated Temperatures ◽

Construction Materials ◽

Flexural Behavior ◽

Thermal Shrinkage ◽

Physico Chemical ◽

The Impact ◽

Loss Of Strength

Even though, an innovative inorganic family of geopolymer concretes are eye-catching potential building materials, it is quite essential to comprehend the fire and thermal resistance of these structural materials at a very high temperature and also when experiencing fire with a view to make certain not only the safety and security of lives and properties but also to establish them as more sustainable edifice materials for future. The experimental and field observations of degree of cracking, spalling and loss of strength within the geopolymer concretes subsequent to exposure at elevated temperature and incidences of occurrences of disastrous fires extend an indication of their resistance against such severely catastrophic conditions. The impact of heat and fire on mechanical attributes viz., mechanical-compressive strength, flexural behavior, elastic modulus; durability—thermal shrinkage; chemical stability; the impact of thermal creep on compressive strength; and microstructure properties—XRD, FTIR, NMR, SEM as well as physico-chemical modifications of geopolymer composites subsequent to their exposures at elevated temperatures is reviewed in depth. The present scientific state-of-the-art review manuscript aimed to assess the fire and thermal resistance of geopolymer concrete along with its thermo-chemistry at a towering temperature in order to introduce this novel, most modern, user and eco-benign construction materials as potentially promising, sustainable, durable, thermal and fire-resistant building materials promoting their optimal and apposite applications for construction and infrastructure industries.

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Test Comparison Research Mechanics Performance between Sisal Fiber Concrete and Rubber Powder Concrete

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.243-249.494 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 243-249 ◽

pp. 494-498

Author(s):

Hui Ming Bao

Keyword(s):

Tensile Strength ◽

Compressive Strength ◽

Flexural Strength ◽

Sisal Fiber ◽

Environment Friendly ◽

Rubber Powder ◽

Comparison Research ◽

Mechanics Performance ◽

Fiber Concrete ◽

Sisal Fibers

By means of the tests on the mechanics performance of the reinforcing concrete mixed with sisal fibers or rubber powder of certain content are investigated. The compressive strength, tensile strength and flexural strength, etc. are compared. The test indicates that when the test condition is same, the compressive strength, tensile strength and flexural strength of the sisal fibers concrete are better than those of the rubber powder’s. The sisal fiber concrete is environment friendly than the rubber powder concrete. And it has widely value of spread and utilization.

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Susceptibility of earth-based construction materials to fungal proliferation: laboratory and in situ assessment

RILEM Technical Letters ◽

10.21809/rilemtechlett.2018.69 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 ◽

pp. 140-149 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Alexis Simons ◽

Alexandra Bertron ◽

Christophe Roux ◽

Aurélie Laborel-Préneron ◽

Jean-Emmanuel Aubert ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Air Quality ◽

Manufacturing Process ◽

Building Materials ◽

Construction Materials ◽

Microbial Density ◽

Microbial Proliferation ◽

Materials Used ◽

Ecological Construction ◽

The Impact

The impact of building materials on the environment and the health of occupants is nowadays a priority issue. Ecological construction materials such as earthen materials are currently experiencing a regain of interest due to both ecological and economic factors. The microbial proliferation on indoor materials can induce a deterioration of the building air quality and lead to an increase of health risks for the occupants. The issue of indoor air quality raises questions about the use of earthen building materials and their possible susceptibility to fungal development. The microflora of earthen materials and their ability to grow on such support are indeed poorly studied. This study focused on the quantification of both bacterial and fungal microflora along the manufacturing process. The impact of extreme humidity, simulating a hydric accident, on microflora development was analyzed on the surface and inside earthen bricks. The initial microflora of these materials was dramatically reduced during the manufacturing process, especially after heat treatment for drying. Proliferation of remaining microorganisms was only observed under high humidity condition, in particular for earthen materials with vegetal aggregates. Moreover, in situ samplings were performed on naturally dried earthen materials used in buildings. The characterization of the microbial density revealed a higher microbial density than on manufactured specimens, while microbial concentration and detected taxa seemed mainly related to the room use and building history. These results provide a better understanding of microbial proliferation on these materials.

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PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN SERAT ECENG GONDOK PADA KUAT TEKAN PAVING BLOCK K-200

UKaRsT ◽

10.30737/ukarst.v3i1.349 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 21

Author(s):

Muttaqin Fauzin Istighfarin ◽

Rasio Hepiyanto

Keyword(s):

Compressive Strength ◽

Water Hyacinth ◽

Building Materials ◽

Rigid Pavement ◽

Cast Concrete ◽

Additional Water ◽

Materials Used ◽

Relationship Of ◽

Water Hyacinth Fiber

Abstract Paving block is one of the products of building materials used as the top layer of the street structure, compared to other pavements like cast concrete and asphalt, paving block has been widely chosen especially to the streets used to traversed by low-speeed vehicles. This study aims to know and analyze how strong the influence of additional water hyacinth fiber to the compressive strength of K-200 paving block. Method used in this study is experimental method, with the comparison of mix design reffering to the comparison of concrete quality mixture K-200 (SNI 7394-2008). The result is K-200 paving block decreases its compressive strength after given the mixture of water hyacinth fiber. The precentage of the lowest decrease is in the 0,2 mixture of 55,69% and the highest decrease is in the mixture of 0,8 with the decline presentage of of 82,39%. The score of compressive strength for each test object is: Normal of 209,53 kg/cm², 2% of 92,86 kg/cm², 4% of 84,53 kg/cm², 6% of 58,33 kg/cm², and 8% of 36,90 kg/cm². The relationship of non-linear regression can be seen in R² = 1 on polinomial orde 4. Paving block with with code objects test “Normal” classified as in the quality of paving block B with compressive strength of 209,53 kg/cm² (17,03 Mpa), while for paving block with extra water hyacinth fiber, it is below the compressive strength standard according to SNI 03-0691-1996. Keywords: Rigid Pavement, Paving Block, Water Hyacinth, Compressive Strength.

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An Experimental Study on the Mechanical Properties of Cemented Rock-Tailings Fill

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.941-944.2611 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 941-944 ◽

pp. 2611-2619

Author(s):

Li Jie Guo ◽

Ke Ping Zhou ◽

Xiao Cong Yang ◽

Guang Sheng Liu ◽

Wen Yuan Xu

Keyword(s):

Experimental Study ◽

Compressive Strength ◽

Mine Waste ◽

Waste Rock ◽

Mill Tailings ◽

Mix Proportion ◽

Study Results ◽

Mine Waste Rock ◽

Materials Used ◽

Mine Development

This paper outlines an effective approach to making composite backfill using mine waste material. Composite materials are widely used in many areas of engineering because of their unique structural properties. Cemented rock-tailings are one of the most prevalent materials used for composite backfill because they can effectively make use of mine waste rock and mill tailings that would otherwise be simply considered waste. This backfill method has the capability of maintaining the mine environment while still allowing for continued mine development. An experimental study is being conducted in a cooperative mine research project to investigate the properties of backfill material and specifically the mechanical characteristics of cemented waste rock-tailings fill. This study details the characteristics of the composite backfill aggregate with respect to the compressive strength of the cemented rock-tailings fill and the backfill mix-proportion, as well as outlines a new method of study for cemented rock-tailings fill mechanics. The study results show the compressive strength of cemented rock-tailings fill is dependent mainly on the cement and waste rock content. Ensuring a precise backfill mix proportion can effectively reduce the cement dosage, thereby decreasing the backfill cost realized for the mine.

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Effects of Consumption of Cement in Mechanical Properties of Lightweight Concrete Containing Brazilian Expanded Clay

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.368-370.925 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 368-370 ◽

pp. 925-928 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Andressa Fernanda Angelin ◽

Lubienska Cristina L.J. Ribeiro ◽

Marta Siviero Guilherme Pires ◽

Ana Elisabete P.G.A. Jacintho ◽

Rosa Cristina Cecche Lintz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Portland Cement ◽

Building Materials ◽

Lightweight Concrete ◽

Construction Materials ◽

Lightweight Aggregates ◽

Portland Cement Concrete ◽

Cement Concrete ◽

Conventional Concrete ◽

New Techniques

Concrete is one of the oldest building materials known to humankind. From 1824, with the advent of Portland cement, concrete assumed a prominent place among the construction materials, due to large amounts of strength, durability and versatility it offered compared to other products, allowing the molding of various forms architectural. Until the early 80s, the concrete remained only as a mixture of cement, aggregates and water, however, in recent decades, due to the development of new techniques and products, the concrete has been undergoing constant changes. The concrete with lightweight aggregates have been used since the beginning of the last century, with low values of density (< 2000 kg/m3), demonstrating the great potential of using this material in several areas of construction [. With the objective of analyzing the influence of the consumption of cement in conventional concrete and light, were molded, tested and compared body-of-evidence containing two different amounts of cement consumption: a) 350 kg/m3 and b) 450 kg / m3. The results were compared with those obtained by other researchers, as well as with [ and [.

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Pervious Concrete: A Review

10.35940/ijse.b8010.051121 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 12-14

Author(s):

Ramesh Gomasa

Keyword(s):

Water Management ◽

Mechanical Properties ◽

Construction Industry ◽

Construction Materials ◽

Special Property ◽

Pervious Concrete ◽

Conventional Concrete ◽

New Type ◽

Materials Used ◽

Paper Author

Pervious Concrete is a new type of concrete used widely in the construction industry. It has good physical and also mechanical properties, and it gives good strength. It is used mainly in the water management of the system. So, by using this application, concrete is very famous. There are many advantages to using pervious concrete, and compared to regular conventional concrete, it has some special properties. The special property of permeability. In this transfer or transmission of air or water into the soil or system. This paper author mainly explains the importance and uses, and advantages of Pervious Concrete and explained the Materials used for pervious concrete. This type of concrete is firstly used in Europe afterward, and it can be widely used as construction materials for structures. This paper may help understand Transparent Concrete for everyone easily. It gives a quick review of the Pervious Concrete.

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Progress of Building Materials and Foundation Engineering in Ancient Iraq

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.446-449.220 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 446-449 ◽

pp. 220-241

Author(s):

Al Taie Entidhar ◽

Al Ansari Nadhir ◽

Sven Knutsson

Keyword(s):

Critical Review ◽

Life Style ◽

Building Materials ◽

Construction Materials ◽

Foundation Engineering ◽

Agricultural Activities ◽

Natural Materials ◽

Ancient Mesopotamia ◽

Materials Used ◽

Engineering Practices

Humans realised the importance of housing since the dawn of history. The first man used the caves as shelter. When agricultural activities dominated the life style of humans, villages started to be constructed. Later these were developed into cities. The dawn of civilization started in Iraq. The inhabitants in that time used the available natural materials in their construction. Reviewing the progress of engineering practices of ancient Iraq, reveals the facts that the inhabitants were aware of the principles of construction and engineering. The materials used and the design of the buildings were very suitable from both environmental and engineering perspectives. This work is a critical review of the progress and development of engineering practices and construction materials used in ancient Mesopotamia

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A Study on Mechanical Properties of Conventional Concrete and Coconut Shell Concrete by Replacing Cement with Silica Fume

International Journal of Engineering & Technology ◽

10.14419/ijet.v7i2.12.11512 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 (2.12) ◽

pp. 437

Author(s):

V R.Prasath Kumar ◽

K Gunasekaran ◽

Sreerag K P

Keyword(s):

Tensile Strength ◽

Compressive Strength ◽

Flexural Strength ◽

Silica Fume ◽

Building Materials ◽

Coarse Aggregate ◽

Coconut Shell ◽

Split Tensile Strength ◽

Conventional Concrete ◽

Coconut Shells

High standing estimation of building materials utilized for development is a component of incredible concern. Coconut shell as a completely substitution in the place of coarse aggregate may totally effective for designers in construction industry. The coconut shell concrete is a light weight solid which may decrease the self-heap of a structure. The under taken project depends on inspecting attributes of coconut shell concrete when contrasted with conventional concrete. Coconut shells going from 10mm strainer and held on 6.3mm were considered to utilize for this study. For the current study M100 grade concrete is used to cast the specimens. The principle properties considered testing on coconut shell concrete and conventional concrete is compressive strength, split tensile strength and flexural strength. Examples were taken by supplanting coarse aggregate with coconut shells completely and cement is supplanted by silica fume with various extents of 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25% for compressive strength test and tests were done at 3, 7, 28, 56 and 90 days of curing, it is observed that the ideal compressive strength outcomes were obtained at 10% of silica fume. The flexural strength and split tensile strength of the specimens are calculated with replacement of cement by silica fume with different extents of 0%, 5%, 10% and 15%, tests were done at 3, 7 and 28 days of curing. The optimum replacement percentage of cement by silica fume is 10% for compressive strength, split tensile and flexural strength. The primary principle is to lessen the utilization of natural aggregate by supplanting them with coconut shells and to decrease the density of concrete which makes concrete for simple dealing.

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Predicting Unconfined Compressive Strength Decrease of Carbonate Building Materials against Frost Attack Using Nondestructive Physical Tests

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su12041379 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (4) ◽

pp. 1379 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Marzouk Mohamed Aly Abdelhamid ◽

Dong Li ◽

Gaofeng Ren

Keyword(s):

Compressive Strength ◽

Wave Velocity ◽

Unconfined Compressive Strength ◽

Building Materials ◽

Construction Materials ◽

Strong Relationship ◽

Compressional Wave ◽

Compressional Wave Velocity ◽

Frost Weathering ◽

Spatial Attenuation

Carbonate building materials and engineering constructions are exposed to severe seasonal environmental fluctuations and result in a full or partial disintegration, especially in cold regions, and employment of nondestructive methods for evaluating the durability of building materials subject to frost weathering is gaining great significance. This research aims to obtain reliable relationships between unconfined compressive strength decrease and nondestructive parameters variations of limestone types under frost conditions and provide useful information regarding their durability in order to ensure the long-term viability or sustainability of these materials used for constructions against frost conditions. In this study, five important types of Chinese limestone used as construction materials were subjected to 50 frost cycles. Unconfined compressive strength, compressional wave velocity and spatial attenuation, and porosity were obtained at the end of every 10 cycles. As a result of progression in frost cycles, the increase and decrease rates were determined at the end of every 10 cycles, and the relationships between them were obtained to predict the loss ratios of unconfined compressive strength (RDσc). Results indicated that at the end of 40th cycles, there was a high correlation between RDσc and spatial attenuation loss with an R2 of 0.8584. Furthermore, there was also a strong relationship between RDσc and compressional wave velocity decrease after the end of 20th and 50th cycles with an R2 of 0.9089 and 0.9025, respectively. Therefore, these relations are reliable to provide useful information for durability and viability of studied samples under frost conditions and support the use of the ultrasonic measurements. It can also be successfully used for pre-estimation of unconfined compressive strength loss of studied limestone types against frost weathering without any tests.

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