scholarly journals Experience of application of the measuring complex «Measurement System for testing permanent bridges» to determine the possibility of passing on permanent bridges of superheavy loads

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Evgeny Lugovtsev ◽  
Michael Erofeev
Keyword(s):  
Bearing Capacity ◽  
Measurement System ◽  
Load Capacity ◽  
Measuring System ◽  
Technical Diagnostics ◽  
Vertical Movements ◽  
Test Load ◽  
Measuring Complex ◽  
Mobile Test ◽  
The Impact

The article presents the experience of using the measuring complex SI-PPM 15N1955 to determine the possibility of passing on permanent bridges of superheavy loads used by military engineers. The first part of the article substantiates the need to examine a large number of bridges of various designs on the routes of exit and maneuver of the troops, which in turn puts before the engineering service of associations and connections serious tasks to determine the load capacity of artificial structures on roads. In the 2000s, specialists of the Military engineering Academy and the Moscow Institute of heat engineering developed a unified method for determining the bearing capacity of reinforced concrete beam bridges, which was implemented by STC «Technical diagnostics and precision measurements» in a portable measurement system to check the permanent bridges SI-PPM 15N1955. The basis for the creation of SI-PPM is the calculation and experimental method of operational (on-site testing) determination of the state of the load-bearing structures of permanent bridges, using multi-channel measurements of angular and corresponding vertical movements of various sections of the main beams of superstructures from the impact of mobile test load. Unlike traditional methods of measuring deflections unacceptable in complexity and time of the survey of permanent bridges for the passage of modern missile systems. The main part of the article describes the measurement system. The bearing capacity of a particular bridge span is determined in the calculation program «Bridge» (the structure is presented in the article), which is part of the system. To determine the possibility of skipping the unit for a specific span of the bridge, the calculation program uses the angles of rotation of the main beams of the bridge near the supports from the impact of the mobile test load on the span, the arrangement of the wheels and the weight on the axes for the test load and the unit as the initial data. To learn how to operate the measuring system SI-MRP developed program simulator.

scholarly journals Axial Compressive Performance of a Composite Concrete-Filled GFRP Tube Square Column

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (15) ◽  
pp. 6757
Author(s):  
Jiancheng Lu ◽  
Yujun Qi ◽  
Yifei Li ◽  
Xuxu Wang
Keyword(s):  
Bearing Capacity ◽  
Load Capacity ◽  
Peak Load ◽  
Strain Curve ◽  
Displacement Curve ◽  
Composite Column ◽  
Composite Columns ◽  
Compressive Performance ◽  
New Type ◽  
The Impact

A composite concrete-filled glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) tube square column is a new type of composite column, where GFRP is externally wrapped over several GFRP square tubes to form a multicavity GFRP tube, and then concrete is poured inside. External GFRP wrapping methods can be divided into two types: entirely wrapped and strip-type wrapped methods. The former is superior to the latter in terms of performance under stress. However, difficulties are introduced in the construction process of the former, and substantial materials are required to wrap the entire structure. To examine the axial compressive performance for this new type of composite column and the impact of the wrapping method, we designed and fabricated one type of entirely wrapped composite column and two types of strip-type wrapped composite columns with clear spacings of 85 mm and 40 mm, respectively, and performed static axial compression tests. Through tests and numerical simulations, we obtained the failure mode, load–displacement curve, and load–strain curve of the specimen, and analyzed the impact of the externally wrapped GFRP on the mechanical behavior of the composite column. The results show that the composite column reached the peak load before the fracture of the GFRP tube fiber occurred, and the bearing capacity declined sharply to approximately 75% of the peak load after the fiber fractured, then entered a platform section, thereby displaying ductile failure. As the wrapped layers of GFRP strips increased, the load capacity of the specimen exhibited a linear growth tendency. Compared with the performance of the entirely wrapped method, the load capacity of the specimens in the W5040 group declined 9.8% on average, and the peak efficiency of the GFRP strips increased by 50%, thereby indicating that the use of appropriate GFRP layers and strip distance intervals can ensure the appropriate bearing capacity of composite columns and full utilization of GFRP material properties.

scholarly journals NEURINGER-ROSEINWEIG MODEL BASED LONGITUDINALLY ROUGH POROUS CIRCULAR STEPPED PLATES IN THE EXISTENCE OF COUPLE STRESS

2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 259-267
Author(s):  
Yoginibahen Devendrasinh Vashi ◽  
Rakesh Manilal Patel ◽  
Gunamani Biswanath Deheri
Keyword(s):  
Bearing Capacity ◽  
Couple Stress ◽  
Load Capacity ◽  
Continuum Theory ◽  
Type Equation ◽  
Stress Effect ◽  
Load Bearing Capacity ◽  
Load Bearing ◽  
Closed Form Solutions ◽  
The Impact

This study intents to scrutinize the impact of ferrofluid in the presence of couple stress for longitudinally rough porous circular stepped plates. The influence of longitudinal surface roughness is developed using the stochastic model of Christensen and Tonder for nonzero mean, variance and skewness. Neuringer-Roseinweig model is adopted for the influence of ferrofluid. The couple stress effect is characterized by Stoke’s micro continuum theory. The modified Reynolds’ type equation is stochastically averaged and solved by no-slip boundary conditions. The closed form solutions for load bearing capacity and film pressure are obtained as a function of different parameters and plotted graphically. It is perceived that the load capacity gets elevated owing to the combined influence of magnetization and couple stress when the proper choice of roughness parameters (negatively skewed, standard deviation) is in place. Porosity and roughness (positively skewed) adversely affect bearing’s performance. The graphical and tabular analysis shows that there is a significant growth in load bearing capacity compared to the conventional lubricant case.

scholarly journals Geometric Measurements on a CNC Machining Device as an Element of Closed Door Technology

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (14) ◽  
pp. 4852
Author(s):  
Grzegorz Bomba ◽  
Artur Ornat ◽  
Piotr Gierlak
Keyword(s):  
Measurement System ◽  
Measurement Process ◽  
Cnc Machining ◽  
Measuring System ◽  
Cnc Machine ◽  
Statistical Process ◽  
Working Space ◽  
Closed Door ◽  
Accuracy And Repeatability

The article discusses the quality testing of a measuring system consisting of a CNC machine with measuring probes. The research was conducted in a broader context regarding the implementation of the closed door technology, i.e., production without human intervention, in an aviation plant manufacturing aircraft gearbox systems. This technology may involve automated measuring operations performed in machining centers, and not in measuring laboratories, provided that the quality of the measurements is appropriate. The aim of the study was to investigate whether the CNC machining device can be used to measure the geometric features of aircraft gearbox housing. For this purpose, measurement experiments were carried out with the use of three different probes. Measurements were carried out using four sequences of increasing complexity, so that, after error analysis, it was possible to find the causes of possible irregularities. A reference ring with known dimensions and position in the working space of the machine was used for the measurements performed as part of the assessment of the measurement system. The quality of the measurements was evaluated with the use of repeatability and reproducibility testing and statistical process control. The analysis results showed that the tested measurement system ensures adequate accuracy and repeatability, and the measurement process is characterized with adequate efficiency in relation to the manufacturing tolerance of the components produced using the machine. Thus, it was proven that the measurement process can be carried out on a machining device, which enables its integration into the closed door technology.

Dependency of Machine Efficiency on the Thermal Behavior of Induction Machines

Machines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Svenja Kalt ◽  
Karl Ludwig Stolle ◽  
Philipp Neuhaus ◽  
Thomas Herrmann ◽  
Alexander Koch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Behavior ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Thermal Load ◽  
Load Capacity ◽  
Maximum Load ◽  
Induction Machines ◽  
Electric Machines ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Dynamic Operating ◽  
The Impact

The consideration of the thermal behavior of electric machines is becoming increasingly important in the machine design for electric vehicles due to the adaptation to more dynamic operating points compared to stationary applications. Whereas, the dependency of machine efficiency on thermal behavior is caused due to the impact of temperature on the resulting loss types. This leads to a shift of efficiency areas in the efficiency diagram of electric machines and has a significant impact on the maximum load capability and an impact on the cycle efficiency during operation, resulting in a reduction in the overall range of the electric vehicle. Therefore, this article aims at analyzing the thermal load limits of induction machines in regard to actual operation using measured driving data of battery electric vehicles. For this, a thermal model is implemented using MATLAB® and investigations to the sensitivity of model parameters as well as analysis of the continuous load capacity, thermal load and efficiency in driving cycles under changing boundary conditions are conducted.

scholarly journals Effects of temperature and impactor nose diameter on the impact behavior of PA6 and PP thermoplastic composites

2018 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akar Dogan ◽  
Yusuf Arman
Keyword(s):  
Load Capacity ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Polyamide 6 ◽  
Impact Testing ◽  
Impact Behavior ◽  
Thermoplastic Composites ◽  
Test Machine ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Impact Energies ◽  
The Impact

In this study, the effects of temperature and impactor nose diameter on the impact behavior of woven glass-reinforced polyamide 6 (PA6) and polypropylene (PP) thermoplastic composites were investigated experimentally. Impact energies are chosen as 10, 30, 50, 70, 90, 110, 130, and 170 J. The thickness of composite materials is 4 mm. Impact tests were performed using a drop weight impact testing machine, CEAST-Fractovis Plus, and the load capacity of test machine is 22 kN. Hemispherical impactor nose diameter of 12, 7, and 20 mm were used as an impactor. The tests are conducted at room temperature (20°C and 75°C). As a result, the PP composites of the same thickness absorbed more energy than PA6 composites. The amount of absorbed energy of PP and PA6 composites decreased with temperature.

Laser-Based Measurement of Over Dimensional Freight Rail Shipments

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bryan W. Schlake ◽  
Brian S. Daniel ◽  
Ron Voorheis
Keyword(s):  
Measurement System ◽  
Human Error ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Measuring System ◽  
Prototype System ◽  
Reference Target ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Multiple Measurements ◽  
Current Measuring ◽  
Time Required

In pursuit of improved safety, Norfolk Southern Corp. (NS) has partnered with Amberg Technologies to explore the potential benefits of a laser-based measurement system for measuring over dimensional freight rail shipments. Shipments that do not fall within a standard geometric envelope, denoted as Plate B in the Association of American Railroads (AAR) Open Top Loading Rules [1], are considered to be over dimensional, or High-Wide Loads (HWLs). Extending beyond the limits of the Plate B diagram, these loads are not permitted in unrestricted interchange service. Instead, they must be measured both at points of origin and at interchange points. For US Class I Railroads, the de facto method for measuring HWLs requires mechanical personnel to either climb on the equipment or use a ladder and physically measure the overall height and width of the load. Using a tape measure, plumb line, and 6-foot level, car inspectors, or carmen, must often make multiple measurements to determine the height or width of a critical point on the load. The summation of these measurements can be subject to mathematical human error. In addition to the inherent limitations with regards to accuracy and efficiency, this method of measurement presents considerable safety challenges. The objective of the project was to develop a portable, cost-effective and accurate measurement system to improve the day-to-day operational process of measuring HWLs and reduce human exposure to railyard hazards. Norfolk Southern worked closely with Amberg Technologies to provide a clear overview of the current measuring methods, requirements, challenges and risks associated with HWLs. Amberg then developed a prototype system (with patent pending) and successful tests have been completed at both a point of origin for NS shipments and at a location where HWLs are received at interchange. The measuring system consists of a tripod mounted laser, a specially designed track reference target (TRT) and software designed specifically for HWL measurements. The system allows car inspectors to take measurements from a safe, strategic location away from the car. As a result, this system eliminates the need to climb on the equipment or a ladder and greatly reduces the amount of time spent on and around live tracks. In addition, initial tests indicate that this technology reduces the labor time required to measure HWLs by as much as one half while improving measurement accuracy. These tests have demonstrated that a laser-based system has the potential to greatly improve the safety, efficiency and accuracy associated with measuring HWLs.

Supplier performance measurement system use, relationship trust, and performance improvement: a dyadic perspective

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vieri Maestrini ◽  
Andrea Stefano Patrucco ◽  
Davide Luzzini ◽  
Federico Caniato ◽  
Paolo Maccarrone
Keyword(s):  
Performance Measurement ◽  
Performance Improvement ◽  
Measurement System ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Performance Measurement System ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Performance Improvements ◽  
Supplier Performance ◽  
Performance Measurement Systems ◽  
The Impact

PurposeGrounding on resource orchestration theory, this paper aims to study the relationship between the way buying companies use their supplier performance measurement systems and the performance improvements obtained from suppliers, with relationship trust identified as a mediator in the previous link.Design/methodology/approachThe authors design a conceptual model and test it through structural equation modelling on a final sample of 147 buyer-supplier responses, collected by means of a dyadic survey.FindingsResults suggest that the buyer company may achieve the most by balancing a diagnostic and interactive use of the measurement system, as they are both positively related to supplier performance improvement. Furthermore, relationship trust acts as a mediator in case of the interactive use, but not for the diagnostic. This type of use negatively affects relationship trust, due to its mechanistic use in the buyer-supplier relationship.Originality/valueThe authors’ results contribute to the current academic debate about supplier performance measurement system design and use by analyzing the impact of different supplier performance measurement system uses, and highlighting their relative impact on relationship trust and supplier performance improvement. From a methodological perspective, adopting a dyadic data collection process increases the robustness of the findings.

Suggestions to the test procedure for technical means of protection of steel welded domestic LPG gas cylinders from physical destruction in fire

2021 ◽  
pp. 67-72
Author(s):  
Владимир Леонидович Малкин ◽  
Владимир Александрович Угорелов ◽  
Петр Алексеевич Леончук ◽  
Руслан Андреевич Загуменников
Keyword(s):  
Coming Out ◽  
Test Procedure ◽  
Video Recording ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Measuring System ◽  
Cylinder Surface ◽  
In Fire ◽  
Gas Leaks ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Gas Cylinders

Разработана методика проведения испытаний технических средств защиты стальных сварных бытовых баллонов для сжиженных углеводородных газов (СУГ) от физического разрушения при воздействии на них пожара. В методике содержатся требования к отбору газовых баллонов, рассматриваемым модельным сценариям, установке для испытаний, мероприятиям по подготовке испытаний, порядку их проведения, к отчету о проведении испытаний. Использование предлагаемой методики позволит с высокой степенью достоверности оценивать эффективность применения технических средств защиты стальных бытовых баллонов для СУГ от физического разрушения при воздействии пожара. The paper contains proposals for inclusion in the testing methodology for technical means of protecting gas cylinders from physical destruction. The proposals relate to the choice of typical scenarios characteristic for emergencies and fire development in a room with LPG cylinders: the ingress of cylinders into the fire center, the impact on the cylinder surface of the heat flow of the adjacent fire center; the impact on the surface of the cylinder of LPG vapors jet combustion, simulating the effect of combustion of LPG vapors coming out of the outlet of the valve (safety valve or membrane) of the adjacent cylinder. The design of the installation for testing cylinders in accordance with the above scenarios is presented. There are given requirements for the test preparation procedure, including the verification of documentation, installation of technical protective equipment, filling and delivery of cylinders, checking for gas leaks from cylinders after delivery, installation for testing. A detailed description of the installation procedure is given in accordance with the presented diagrams for various test scenarios. The basic diagrams of the measuring system for the pressure inside the cylinder, mounting of thermocouples on the wall of the cylinder, and remote supply of liquid fuel to trays are described. There is described the test procedure, which consists of turning on the recording systems, gas supplying to the installation, activating the cylinder heating system, video recording of the experiment with timing, closing the valve in front of the pressure sensor after the end of combustion, discharging LPG from the sealed cylinder to the burner. The requirements for the composition of the test report are given, which make it possible to confirm the reliability of the experiments.

scholarly journals Probabilistic assessment of pile capacity based on CPTu probing including random pile foundation depth

2018 ◽  
Vol 196 ◽  
pp. 01058 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marek Wyjadłowski ◽  
Irena Bagińska ◽  
Jakub Reiner
Keyword(s):  
Bearing Capacity ◽  
Objective Assessment ◽  
Probabilistic Approach ◽  
Measurement Data ◽  
Direct Methods ◽  
Side Surface ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Direct Data ◽  
Design Calculations ◽  
The Impact

The modern recognition of subsoil with the use of CPTu static probes allows to obtain detailed information necessary for the designing. Registered basic two quantities, i.e. cone resistance qc and friction on the sleeve fs, often become direct data, which allow to estimate bearing capacity of the base and the side surface of the pile. Direct methods use similarity of the pile work and piezo-cone work during the examination. An important design stage is the appropriate development of measurement data prior to the commencement of the procedure of determining the pile bearing capacity. Algorithms generated on the basis of empirical experiments are often applied with the simultaneous use of test loads. The probabilistic approach is also significant, because it enables objective assessment of the reliability level of performed design calculations. This work contains an analysis of the impact on the estimated bearing capacity and reliability of a pile of variable random depth of the pile base. It also includes the determination of probabilities of obtaining the assumed safety index for the designed solution at random foundation depth.

scholarly journals Impact of Using the Intelligent Physical Health Measurement System on Active Aging: A Survey in Taiwan

Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1142
Author(s):  
Wen-Chou Chi ◽  
Wei-Chen Cheng ◽  
Ting-Hung Chen ◽  
Po-Jin Lin
Keyword(s):  
Physical Health ◽  
Community Service ◽  
Social Participation ◽  
Measurement System ◽  
Information Quality ◽  
Active Aging ◽  
Management Service ◽  
Health Measurement ◽  
Behavior Intention ◽  
The Impact

Background: In Taiwan, the Chiayi City Government and Industrial Development Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs have worked together to promote smart health management in the community and encourage people to use the intelligent physical health measurement system (IPHMS) with Smart Body Health Measuring Machine. Volunteers help participants in the community to use the IPHMS to ensure that measurements are taken correctly. Objectives: This study aimed to explore volunteers’ satisfaction with using the IPHMS and the effects of the measurement service on the participants’ measurement behavior intention, and further explore the impact on their active aging. Methods: This study used a paper questionnaire to survey both the participants of the measurement service and the community volunteers from March to April 2021. A total of 180 valid responses were collected. Results: The sociodemographic information showed that the volunteers were mostly female, were aged over 61 years old, had received junior college education, had spent less than 3–6 years in community service, and had 6 months to 1 year of measured service experience. Additionally, the participants of the measurement service were mostly female, were aged over 61 years old, had received below middle school education, had spent less than 1–3 years in community service, and spent an average of 5 days in the community each week. Our results showed that the information quality (β = 0.352, p < 0.001) and system quality (β = 0.701, p < 0.001) had significant effects on volunteers’ satisfaction of using the IPHMS. Subjective norms had significant effects on participants’ perceived disease threat (β = 0.347, p < 0.001) and behavior intention of management service (β = 0.701, p < 0.001); furthermore, behavior intention had significant effects on their social participation for active aging (β = 0.430, p < 0.05). Conclusions: Improving the system and information quality is likely to improve volunteers’ satisfaction with the system. Active aging factors only affect social participation, which represents the measurement services promote for social interaction mostly.

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