scholarly journals Gestational diabetes: a risk of puerperal hypovitaminosis A?

2015 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
pp. 463-470 ◽  
Author(s):  
FERNANDA B.S. RESENDE ◽  
LARISSA Q. DE LIRA ◽  
EVELLYN C. GRILO ◽  
MAYARA S.R. LIMA ◽  
ROBERTO DIMENSTEIN
Keyword(s):  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Test Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Serum Retinol ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Retinol Concentration

The influence of gestational diabetes on vitamin A deficiency in lactating women and, consequently, in their newborn has been verified through a cross-sectional case-control study conducted with volunteer puerperal women. The control group consisted of healthy women and the test group was composed of women with gestational diabetes. One hundred and seven women were recruited, corresponding to 71 controls and 36 cases. Personal, gestational and newborn data were collected directly from medical records during hospitalization. The retinol was determined in maternal colostrum and serum by High Performance Liquid Chromatography. Postpartum women with gestational diabetes were older, had more children and a higher prevalence of cesarean delivery. No difference was found in retinol concentration in maternal milk and serum between the groups. However, it was observed that 16.7% had vitamin A deficiency in the group of patients with diabetes and only 4.1% had such deficiency in the control group. Although no difference was found in colostrum and serum retinol concentration between women with and without gestational diabetes, the individual analysis shows that those with diabetes are at higher risk of being vitamin A deficient.

scholarly journals Albendazole increases serum retinol concentration in primary schoolchildren with low serum retinol

2015 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 121
Author(s):  
Jane Florida Kalumpiu ◽  
Yenny Djuardi ◽  
Taniawati Supali
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Primary School ◽  
School Children ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
Serum Retinol ◽  
Serum Retinol Concentration ◽  
Retinol Concentration ◽  
Low Serum

Background<br />Soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infection is still a health problem in Indonesia. Vitamin A deficiency (VAD) is often found together with STH. The effect of the deworming program on the vitamin A status of primary school children is unknown. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of albendazole on serum retinol concentrations in primary school children.<br /><br />Methods<br />An experimental study of pre-post test design without control was carried out on 118 children from grades 3-5 at one primary school in North Jakarta, from July to September 2014. Flotac examination was used to determine STH infections and high performance liquid chromatography was performed to measure serum retinol concentration. Stool and blood samples were taken twice: before and three weeks after treatment with albendazole 400 mg single dose for three consecutive days given to all children either infected or uninfected. Paired t-test was used to analyze the data. <br /><br />Results<br />Of the 118 children, the prevalence of STH was 71.2%. The prevalence of low retinol serum (&lt;1.05 mmol/L) was 17 (17.2%) and of mild VAD was 2 (2.0%). Albendazole given in 3 consecutive days could not increase serum retinol concentrations (p=0.055). Serum retinol concentration significantly increased after albendazole treatment in children with low retinol serum at baseline (p=0.001). <br /><br />Conclusions<br />In children with low serum retinol concentration, treatment with albendazole increased retinol concentration. Integrated deworming and vitamin A supplementation strategies should be evaluated in this population.

scholarly journals The relationship between serum retinol concentrations and subclinical infection in rural Brazilian children

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 299-310
Author(s):  
Laísla França da Silva TELES ◽  
Adriana de Azevedo PAIVA ◽  
Liania Alves LUZIA ◽  
Flávia Emília Leite de LIMA-FERREIRA ◽  
Cecilia Maria Resende Gonçalves de CARVALHO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Subclinical Infection ◽  
Rural Settlements ◽  
Serum Retinol ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
The Relationship

ABSTRACT Objective To evaluate the relationship between serum retinol concentrations and subclinical infection in children from rural settlements. Methods A cross-sectional population-based study was carried out in nine rural settlements in the northeastern region of Brazil, involving 118 children aged 6 to 59 months. The relationship between serum retinol and C-Reactive Protein levels, an important marker of infectious and inflammatory processes, was investigated by multiple linear regression, controlling for demographic, socioeconomic and nutritional variables. Serum retinol and C-Reactive Protein were measured, respectively, by High Performance Liquid Chromatography and immunoturbidimetric assay in automated equipment. Results Vitamin A deficiency (retinol <0.70μmol/L) was identified in 9.3% of the children. C-Reactive Protein was the only predictor of retinol concentrations in the final regression model, causing a 0.728μmol/L reduction in retinol concentrations in the studied children (p=0.008). Conclusion Vitamin A deficiency is a problem of mild/moderate severity and measures to control infectious diseases in this population are fundamental to prevent and/or combat this problem.

Lipid-soluble antioxidants status and some of its socio-economic determinants among pregnant Ethiopians at the third trimester

2005 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 582-587 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yared Wondmikun
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
University Teaching ◽  
Northern Ethiopia ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Β Carotene

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the serum levels of three lipid-soluble antioxidants (retinol, β-carotene and α-tocopherol) in pregnant women attending an antenatal clinic (ANC) in Gondar, Ethiopia.DesignA cross-sectional study involving laboratory determination of serum levels of retinol, α-tocopherol and β-carotene using high-performance liquid chromatography and questionnaire-based assessment of socio-economic status.SettingANC of a university teaching hospital.SubjectsThree hundred and twenty-two healthy pregnant women in their third trimester, who attended the ANC.ResultsMean serum levels of retinol, α-tocopherol and β-carotene were found to be 1.23±0.5, 25.5±0.9 and 0.21±0.09 μmol l−1, respectively. The prevalence of vitamin A deficiency (<1.05 μmol l−1) among pregnant women was 38.5%. Women having low retinol (vitamin A) levels were highly likely to live in earth-floored and mud-walled houses, and less likely to own a house and to have a latrine.ConclusionThe study shows that serum levels of lipid-soluble antioxidants were low among ANC attendees in northern Ethiopia. It also indicates that some socio-economic factors (such as poor housing standard) are associated with vitamin A deficiency.

scholarly journals Vitamin A-fortified cooking oil reduces vitamin A deficiency in infants, young children and women: results from a programme evaluation in Indonesia

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (14) ◽  
pp. 2511-2522 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandjaja ◽  
Idrus Jus’at ◽  
Abas B Jahari ◽  
Ifrad ◽  
Min Kyaw Htet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Retinyl Palmitate ◽  
Oil Consumption ◽  
Serum Retinol ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Lactating Women ◽  
Dietary Recall ◽  
Poor Households

AbstractObjectiveTo assess oil consumption, vitamin A intake and retinol status before and a year after the fortification of unbranded palm oil with retinyl palmitate.DesignPre–post evaluation between two surveys.SettingTwenty-four villages in West Java.SubjectsPoor households were randomly sampled. Serum retinol (adjusted for subclinical infection) was analysed in cross-sectional samples of lactating mothers (baselinen324/endlinen349), their infants aged 6–11 months (n318/n335) and children aged 12–59 months (n469/477), and cohorts of children aged 5–9 years (n186) and women aged 15–29 years (n171), alongside food and oil consumption from dietary recall.ResultsFortified oil improved vitamin A intakes, contributing on average 26 %, 40 %, 38 %, 29 % and 35 % of the daily Recommended Nutrient Intake for children aged 12–23 months, 24–59 months, 5–9 years, lactating and non-lactating women, respectively. Serum retinol was 2–19 % higher at endline than baseline (P<0·001 in infants aged 6–11 months, children aged 5–9 years, lactating and non-lactating women; non-significant in children aged 12–23 months;P=0·057 in children aged 24–59 months). Retinol in breast milk averaged 20·5 μg/dl at baseline and 32·5 μg/dl at endline (P<0·01). Deficiency prevalence (serum retinol <20 μg/dl) was 6·5–18 % across groups at baseline, and 0·6–6 % at endline (P≤0·011). In multivariate regressions adjusting for socio-economic differences, vitamin A intake from fortified oil predicted improved retinol status for children aged 6–59 months (P=0·003) and 5–9 years (P=0·03).ConclusionsAlthough this evaluation without a comparison group cannot prove causality, retinyl contents in oil, Recommended Nutrient Intake contributions and relationships between vitamin intake and serum retinol provide strong plausibility of oil fortification impacting vitamin A status in Indonesian women and children.

scholarly journals Prevalence of ocular signs and subclinical vitamin A deficiency and its determinants among rural pre-school children in India

2011 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 568-577 ◽  
Author(s):  
Avula Laxmaiah ◽  
Madhavan K Nair ◽  
Nimmathota Arlappa ◽  
Pullakhandam Raghu ◽  
Nagalla Balakrishna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
School Children ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Dried Blood Spots ◽  
Sampling Procedure ◽  
Serum Retinol ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Ocular Signs

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the magnitude and determinants of vitamin A deficiency (VAD) and coverage of vitamin A supplementation (VAS) among pre-school children.DesignA community-based cross-sectional study was carried out by adopting a multistage, stratified, random sampling procedure.SettingRural areas of eight states in India.SubjectsPre-school children and their mothers were covered.ResultsA total of 71 591 pre-school children were clinically examined for ocular signs of VAD. Serum retinol concentrations in dried blood spots were assessed in a sub-sample of 3954 children using HPLC. The prevalence of Bitot spots was 0·8 %. The total ocular signs were significantly higher (P < 0·001) among boys (2·6 %) compared with girls (1·9 %) and in older children (3–4 years) compared (P < 0·001) with younger (1–2 years), and were also high in children of labourers, scheduled castes and illiterate mothers. The odds of having Bitot spots was highest in children of scheduled caste (OR = 3·8; 95 % CI 2·9, 5·0), labourers (OR = 2·9; 95 % CI 2·1, 3·9), illiterate mothers (OR = 2·7; 95 % CI 2·2, 2·3) and households without a sanitary latrine (OR = 5·9; 95 % CI 4·0, 8·7). Subclinical VAD (serum retinol level <20 μg/dl) was observed in 62 % of children. This was also relatively high among scheduled caste and scheduled tribe children. The rate of coverage of VAS was 58 %.ConclusionsThe study revealed that VAD is a major nutritional problem and coverage of VAS was poor. The important determinants of VAD were illiteracy, low socio-economic status, occupation and poor sanitation. Strengthening the existing VAS programme and focused attention on dietary diversification are essential for prevention of VAD.

scholarly journals Placenta: a possible predictor of vitamin A deficiency

2009 ◽  
Vol 103 (9) ◽  
pp. 1340-1344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirian Martins Gomes ◽  
Claudia Saunders ◽  
Andrea Ramalho
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Spectrophotometric Method ◽  
Roc Curve ◽  
Operating Characteristic ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Curve Analysis ◽  
Serum Retinol ◽  
Roc Curve Analysis ◽  
Serum Retinol Concentration ◽  
Retinol Concentration

The objective of the present study is to assess the association between vitamin A deficiency (VAD) evaluated by serum retinol concentration from the mother and umbilical cord and placental concentration of retinol and carotenoids to propose placental values representative of deficiency. Two hundred and sixty-two puerperal women and their newborns were assessed. Concentration of serum and placental retinol and carotenoids was determined by the spectrophotometric method. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed according to two cut-off points (0·70 and 1·05 μmol/l) to represent deficiency in the placental concentration. No difference between averages of placental retinol and carotenoids was observed in the puerperal women regardless of the cut-off point used to define VAD. In relation to the newborns, a decrease (P = 0·012) in placental retinol averages in individuals with VAD was observed when the 1·05 μmol/l cut-off point was adopted. In respect to the placental carotenoid averages, a decrease is observed for both the cut-off points (P = 0·013 and 0·019 for 1·05 and 0·7 μmol/l, respectively). The ROC curve results point to the value of 0·80 μmol/l as representing deficiency with greater values found for sensitivity (66·7 %), specificity (41·7 %) and accuracy (65 %) when the 0·70 μmol/l cut-off point was adopted. The results of the present study show an association between the placental concentration of retinol and carotenoids with clinical VAD, suggesting the need for further studies on more severe cases of deficiency.

scholarly journals Alpha-tocopherol concentration in serum and colostrum of mothers with gestational diabetes mellitus

2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 178-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernanda Barros S. Resende ◽  
Heleni Aires Clemente ◽  
Dalila Fernandes Bezerra ◽  
Evellyn Câmara Grilo ◽  
Larisse Rayanne M. de Melo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Alpha Tocopherol ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Tocopherol Concentration ◽  
Cross Sectional

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate and compare the levels of α-tocopherol in colostrum and in the serum of healthy and diabetic mothers.METHODS: This cross-sectional study enrolled 51 volunteer mothers, 20 with the diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus and 31 without associated diseases. Serum and colostrum samples were collected in fasting in the immediate postpartum period and α-tocopherol was analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). In order to define the nutritional status of vitamin E, the cutoff point for the serum (697.7µg/dL) was adopted. Student's t-test for independent variables compared the average concentrations of α-tocopherol in the serum and in the colostrum between control and gestational diabetes mellitus groups. Pearson's correlation was used to assess the relationship between the concentration of α-tocopherol in serum and colostrum for both groups. Differences were considered significant when p<0.05.RESULTS: The α-tocopherol concentration in colostrum was 1,483.1±533.8µg/dL for Control Group and 1,368.8±681.8µg/dL for diabetic women, without differences between groups (p=0.50). However, α-tocopherol concentration in the serum was 1,059.5±372.7µg/dL in the Control Group and 1,391.4±531.5µg/dL in the diabetic one (p<0.01). No correlation was found between the concentration of α-tocopherol in the serum and in the colostrum for control and diabetic groups.CONCLUSIONS: The groups had adequate nutritional status of vitamin E. Gestational diabetes was not associated with changes in α-tocopherol concentration in colostrum.

scholarly journals Effect of single-dose albendazole and vitamin A supplementation on the iron status of pre-school children in Sichuan, China

2016 ◽  
Vol 115 (8) ◽  
pp. 1415-1423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ke Chen ◽  
Hu Mina Xie ◽  
Weizheng Tian ◽  
Xiaoling Zheng ◽  
Alice C. Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
School Children ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Iron Status ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Serum Retinol ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2

AbstractThe aim of this study was to explore the effect of single-dose albendazole and vitamin A intervention on the anaemic status and Fe metabolism of pre-school children. This study was a randomised, placebo-controlled and double-blinded intervention trial. All eligible anaemic pre-school children were randomly divided into three groups: group 1 received no intervention, which served as the control group, group 2 received 400 mg single-dose albendazole administration and group 3 received a 60000 μg vitamin A capsule combined with 400 mg single-dose albendazole at the beginning of the study. The follow-up period was for 6 months. Anthropometry and biochemical index about Fe metabolism were measured before and after intervention. A total of 209 pre-school anaemic children were randomly divided into three intervention groups (sixty-four, sixty-two and sixty for groups 1, 2 and 3, respectively). The mean age of the children in the study was 4·4 (sd 0·7) years and 50·5 % of the children were female (94/186). After a follow-up period of 6 months, the levels of serum retinol, ferritin, transferrin receptor-ferritin index and body total Fe content of children in group 3 were significantly higher compared with children in groups 1 and 2 (P<0·05). Moreover, the proportion of vitamin A deficiency, marginal vitamin A deficiency and Fe deficiency among children in group 3 were markedly lower compared with children in groups 1 and 2 (P<0·05). Albendazole plus vitamin A administration showed more efficacy on the improvement of serum retinol and Fe metabolic status.

scholarly journals Maternal Vitamin A Deficiency during Pregnancy and Its Relation with Maternal and Neonatal Hemoglobin Concentrations among Poor Egyptian Families

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Hamdy ◽  
M. M. Abdel Aleem ◽  
A. A. El-Shazly
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Maternal Serum ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Serum Retinol ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Vitamin A Supplementation ◽  
Term Newborns

Background. Vitamin A deficiency (VAD) during pregnancy represents a major public health problem in developing countries. Anemia is a common consequence of VAD. We aimed to measure serum retinol concentrations of a sample of poor Egyptian mothers and correlate it with their Hb% and cord Hb%. Methods. This cross-sectional study included 200 healthy mothers and their healthy full term newborns. Maternal and cord blood samples were collected for CBC and measurement of serum retinol concentrations. Results. Forty-seven mothers (23.5%) had VAD and 50% were anemic. Mothers with VAD had a significantly lower mean Hb% and a significantly higher frequency of anemia (95.7%) compared to mothers without VAD (35.9%). The relative risk for anemia among mothers with VAD was 2.7 (CI = 2.12–3.3). Newborns of mothers with VAD had a significantly lower mean cord Hb% compared to newborns of mothers without VAD. Maternal serum retinol concentrations were positively correlated with maternal Hb% and cord Hb%. Conclusion. Maternal VAD during pregnancy among poor mothers is associated with maternal anemia and lower Hb% of newborns at birth. Vitamin A supplementation is highly recommended for this vulnerable group.

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