Forage production in mixed grazing systems of elephant grass with arrowleaf clover or forage peanut

ABSTRACT Most dairy production systems are pasture-based, usually consisting of sole grass species. This system facilitates pasture management, but results in high production costs, mainly because of nitrogen fertilizers. An alternative to making forage systems more sustainable is to introduce legumes into the pasture. Mixed pastures allow better forage distribution over time and reduce fertilization costs. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate, throughout the year, three forage systems (FS): FS1 (control) - elephant grass (EG), ryegrass (RG), and spontaneous species (SS); FS2 - EG + RG + SS + arrowleaf clover; and FS3 - EG + RG + SS + forage peanut. Elephant grass was planted in rows spaced 4 m apart. Ryegrass was sown between the EG lines, in the winter. Arrowleaf clover was sown according to the respective treatments and forage peanut was preserved. Evaluation was carried out using Holstein cows. The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design, with three treatments (FS), and three repetitions (paddocks) with repeated measurements (grazing cycles). Forage mass achieved 3.46, 3.80, and 3.91 t ha-1 for the treatments FS1, FS2 and FS3, respectively. The forage systems intercropped with legumes produced the best results.

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The potential role of annual forage legumes in Canada: A review

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/cjps07182 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 90 (4) ◽

pp. 403-420 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

D. McCartney ◽

J. Fraser

Keyword(s):

Crop Production ◽

Production Systems ◽

Forage Yield ◽

Production Costs ◽

Annual Legumes ◽

Alternative Crop ◽

High Production ◽

Agricultural Input ◽

Control Erosion

The need to reduce agricultural input costs while increasing soil fertility has prompted researchers to look for alternative crop production systems that include N fixing crops. Annual legumes can be used in rotations as forages and green manure crops to increase the organic matter and N content of soils and provide soil cover to control erosion and weeds. Despite the benefits of annual legumes, high production costs and scarcity of seed has hindered their use.Key words: Medic, clover, vetch, pea, bean, lentil, forage yield, forage quality

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Forage production of elephant grass under intermittent stocking

Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira ◽

10.1590/s0100-204x2013000200015 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 48 (2) ◽

pp. 234-240 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Carla Silva Chaves ◽

Carlos Augusto de Miranda Gomide ◽

Karina Guimarães Ribeiro ◽

Domingos Sávio Campos Paciullo ◽

Francisco José da Silva Ledo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dry Matter ◽

Accumulation Rate ◽

Stocking Density ◽

Rest Period ◽

Pennisetum Purpureum ◽

Elephant Grass ◽

Forage Production ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Matter Production ◽

Completely Randomized Design

The objective of this work was to evaluate the dry matter production of elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum) genotypes, managed under intermittent stocking. A completely randomized design was used, with two genotypes and three replicates. The treatments consisted of factorial combinations (2x2x2) of genotypes ('BRS Kurumi' and the clone CNPGL 00‑1‑3), two light interception levels (LI) at the onset of grazing (90 and 95%), and two post‑grazing canopy heights (30 and 50 cm). A total of 24 Holstein x Zebu crossbred heifers were used. The stocking density varied in order to finish the grazing periods in two days. The interval between the defoliation, based on 95% LI, resulted in a higher leaf mass per grazing cycle. The post‑grazing height of 30 cm did not affect the number of grazing cycles but provided a greater herbage accumulation rate. The cultivar BRS Kurumi has higher pasture growth, lower rest period, and greater number of grazing cycles, which results in increased forage production in the growing season.

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Technical and economic indicators of milk production systems in the Caiuá sandstone region

Acta Scientiarum Animal Sciences ◽

10.4025/actascianimsci.v41i1.42536 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 41 (1) ◽

pp. 42536

Author(s):

Simony Marta Bernardo Lugão ◽

Bruno Volsi ◽

Gustavo Vaz da Costa ◽

Edson Luiz Diogo de Almeida ◽

Tiago Santos Telles

Keyword(s):

Milk Production ◽

Production Systems ◽

Cost Benefit Analysis ◽

Cost Benefit ◽

Economic Assessment ◽

Production Costs ◽

Economic Indicators ◽

Reference Network ◽

Pasture Management ◽

Technical And Economic Indicators

The aim of this study was to analyze technical and economic indicators of family milk production systems, with different technology levels, in the Caiuá sandstone area in Northwestern Paraná, Brazil. The analysis period covers the agricultural years 2002/2003 to 2013/2014. The categorization of the milk production systems was based on information from agricultural farms monitored by the Reference Network for Family Agriculture. The cost-benefit analysis method was used for the economic assessment of milk production. Based on the results, three family milk production systems were identified in the region, characterized by the use of low, medium and high intensification technologies for pasture management. The production costs per unit area were found to be higher in the system with high technology and lower in the system with low technology. However, although the total revenue in the production system with a high technological intensification is greater than in the other systems, the capital needed for a technological transition is higher. In all the systems, when the costs were deducted, including the return on family labor, there was a profit, even with the climate and soil constraints inherent in the region.

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Economic of the irrigated production of forage millet

Semina Ciências Agrárias ◽

10.5433/1679-0359.2019v40n2p623 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 40 (2) ◽

pp. 623

Author(s):

Rogério Ricalde Torres ◽

Adroaldo Dias Robaina ◽

Marcia Xavier Peiter ◽

Luis Humberto Bahú Ben ◽

Wellington Mezzomo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Production Systems ◽

Production Costs ◽

Financial Viability ◽

Forage Production ◽

Financial Return ◽

Growing Seasons ◽

The Cost ◽

Santa Maria ◽

Total Average Cost ◽

Total Average

Irrigation is an agricultural technique that increases crop yield and reduces periods of forage shortage. However, this technique increases production costs, and the process is economically viable only when costs are lower than the financial return. Determining the technical and financial viability of irrigation is essential to assess the feasibility of forage production systems. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the technical and financial viability of irrigated producing of forage millet in different growing seasons in two microregions of the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The water requirements of the growing seasons of 2012 to 2017 in the microregions of Santiago and Santa Maria varied and affected the cost of irrigation. The irrigated production of forage millet increased the total average cost by 13.42% and increased the financial return by 43.03% and 22.49% in Santiago and Santa Maria, respectively.

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Dealing With High Fertilizer Costs in Forage Production Systems

EDIS ◽

10.32473/edis-ss483-2008 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 2008 (6) ◽

Author(s):

Maria L. Silveira ◽

Joao M. Vendramini ◽

Patrick J. Hogue ◽

James F. Selph

Keyword(s):

Production Systems ◽

Production Costs ◽

Fertilizer Efficiency ◽

Forage Production ◽

Fertilizer Use ◽

Fact Sheet ◽

Water Science ◽

Soil And Water

SL-259, a 4-page fact sheet by M. L. Silveira, J. M. Vendramini, P. J. Hogue, and J. F. Selph, addresses important issues relative to fertilizer efficiency and suggests alternatives for reducing fertilizer use and reducing production costs for forage production. Published by the UF Department of Soil and Water Science, June 2008. SL259/SS483: Dealing With High Fertilizer Costs in Forage Production Systems (ufl.edu)

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Fundamentos de manejo de praderas para mejorar la productividad de la ganadería del trópico colombiano

Ciencia y Tecnología Agropecuaria ◽

10.21930/rcta.vol6_num2_art:42 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 5

Author(s):

Pablo Antonio Cuesta Muñoz

Keyword(s):

Nutritive Value ◽

Production Systems ◽

Animal Feed ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Grazing Management ◽

Cattle Production ◽

Forage Production ◽

Pasture Management ◽

Forage Plants

Las especies forrajeras constituyen la principal fuente de alimentación de los bovinos en Colombia; en la mayoría de las explotaciones son el único alimento debido a las condiciones climáticas favorables para la producción de forraje a través del año y a lo poco práctico que resulta alimentar rumiantes con granos o subproductos agroindustriales, debido al alto costo y la baja oferta de estos recursos en el mercado nacional. El manejo del pastoreo es el aspecto menos entendido en las explotaciones y ocurren con frecuencia eventos de sobrepastoreo y subpastoreo a lo largo de un mismo año, con reducciones drásticas en la producción animal y en la persistencia del pasto, lo que conduce a una degradación rápida de las praderas. En este artículo se revisan las principales respuestas fisiológicas de las praderas en pastoreo y se incluye un análisis de los efectos del animal sobre las plantas y el suelo. Así mismo, se compendian los mecanismos de respuesta a la defoliación, el papel de las reservas orgánicas, de los meristemos y del área foliar residual, al igual que el manejo del pastoreo, con sus variables de frecuencia e intensidad de la defoliación y su efecto sobre la composición botánica el valor nutritivo y la producción de forraje de la pradera. Finalmente, se analiza brevemente la productividad de las praderas, la producción animal y las variables de respuesta bajo pastoreo. Fundamentals of pasture management to improve productivity of cattle production systems in ColombiaForage species are the foundation of cattle production systems in Colombia being the only source of animal feed in most cattle operations year round since climatic conditions support forage production and grazing during most of the year; however, feeding ruminants with grains or agroindustrial byproducts is impractical under most circumstances, due to the high cost and low offer of these materials in the market. Grazing management is probably the most poorly understood issue in most pastures. In fact, overgrazing and undergazing are frequently carried out within the same year, which severely reduce animal productivity and forage persistence, thus leading to a rapid degradation of the pastures. This article presents a review of the main physiological responses of pastures under grazing including an analysis of the animal effects in the forage plants and in the soil. The main defoliation response mechanisms are also reviewed, the role of organic reserves, meristems and residual leaf area, as well as grazing management of the pastures, as influenced by frequency and intensity of defoliation, which in tum affect botanical composition, forage productivity, nutritive value and persistence of the pasture. Finally, a brief discussion of pasture productivity evaluation, animal production and response variables under grazing are also presented.

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AN ECONOMICAL STUDY TO MEASUREMENT OF MARKETING EFFICIENCY IN CALF FATTENING FIELDS IN NINEVEH GOVERNORATE(2018)

IRAQI JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES ◽

10.36103/ijas.v51i4.1092 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 51 (4) ◽

Author(s):

Abdullah & Al-Taye

Keyword(s):

Commodity Prices ◽

Red Meat ◽

Production Costs ◽

Meat Production ◽

Marketing Efficiency ◽

Basic Source ◽

Essential Nutrient ◽

High Production ◽

Marketing Costs ◽

Marketing Margins

This study was aimed at assessing marketing efficiency in the main sites of meat production of calf fattening fields in the private sector due to the importance of meat, especially red meat, which has essential nutrient for human body growth and high commodity prices depending on the measurement indicators used to suit the nature of the research conducted in calves fattening production fields in Gogjali region- Nineveh (2018). The basic source data of the study is obtained from sources on the ongoing ground- marketing questionnaire of three levels, the producer, the wholesaler, the retailer and two fields groups of caste random sample. The first group included (100) fields with imported calves class. The second included (51) fields with local calves class. Whereas, according to the production and marketing costs indicator, the average of marketing efficiency (ME1 ) of marketed meat in both groups of claves fattening fields amounted (92.47, 93.39%) respectively for a kilogram which is a sign of high production costs and, according to the marketing margins indicator, the average of marketing efficiency (ME2 ) of marketed meat in both groups of claves fattening fields amounted (86.89,79.13 %) for per kg which is a sign of high marketing margins. Thus the study concluded a high value of marketing efficiency using the first scale with the fattening period time for both groups while marketing efficiency by using the second scale was characterized by the gradual decline in the imported fattening fields and a gradual rise in the local fattening fields. The study recommends supporting production inputs (fodder, treatment), unifying markets and limiting the importation of red meat importation in order to obtain a good production and currency policy by which the production costs could be reduced to the minimum .

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Economic and Sustainability of Biodiesel Production—A Systematic Literature Review

Clean Technologies ◽

10.3390/cleantechnol3010002 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 19-36

Author(s):

Tamás Mizik ◽

Gábor Gyarmati

Keyword(s):

Literature Review ◽

Systematic Literature Review ◽

Volatile Fatty Acids ◽

First Generation ◽

Production Costs ◽

Raw Material ◽

Biodiesel Production ◽

Important Research Topic ◽

The Social ◽

High Production

As Earth’s fossil energy resources are limited, there is a growing need for renewable resources such as biodiesel. That is the reason why the social, economic and environmental impacts of biofuels became an important research topic in the last decade. Depleted stocks of crude oil and the significant level of environmental pollution encourage researchers and professionals to seek and find solutions. The study aims to analyze the economic and sustainability issues of biodiesel production by a systematic literature review. During this process, 53 relevant studies were analyzed out of 13,069 identified articles. Every study agrees that there are several concerns about the first-generation technology; however, further generations cannot be price-competitive at this moment due to the immature technology and high production costs. However, there are promising alternatives, such as wastewater-based microalgae with up to 70% oil content, fat, oils and grease (FOG), when production cost is below 799 USD/gallon, and municipal solid waste-volatile fatty acids technology, where the raw material is free. Proper management of the co-products (mainly glycerol) is essential, especially at the currently low petroleum prices (0.29 USD/L), which can only be handled by the biorefineries. Sustainability is sometimes translated as cost efficiency, but the complex interpretation is becoming more common. Common elements of sustainability are environmental and social, as well as economic, issues.

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51 Intranasal oxytocin improves plasma non-esterified fatty acids but not distance walked or cortisol concentrations at weaning

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skaa054.053 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽

pp. 29-30

Author(s):

Kirsten Nickles ◽

Alejandro E Relling ◽

Anthony J Parker

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Body Weight ◽

Repeated Measures ◽

Production Costs ◽

Calf Growth ◽

Beef Calves ◽

Esterified Fatty Acids ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Affect Body Weight ◽

Global Positioning

Abstract Beef calves express behaviors such as walking and vocalizing to a greater extend during weaning. These behaviors increase production costs due to compromised calf growth, health, and welfare. Oxytocin treatment reduces anxious behaviors and attenuates the HPA axis, thus the objective of this experiment was to evaluate the effects of oxytocin on calf growth, cortisol, and distance walked at weaning. A total of 20 Angus x Simmental heifer calves were randomly allotted to each treatment group (n = 10), intranasal oxytocin or saline (OXT, CON). All calves were administered the respective intranasal treatment at weaning (day 0), and then placed in the same pasture. Calves were weighed and blood sampled on days 0, 1, 7, and 14. Blood samples were used to quantify non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), β-hydroxybutyrate, and cortisol. Each heifer was fitted with a global positioning system collar that recorded calf location every 10 seconds for 16 h on days 0, 7, and 14. To further evaluate calf behavior, observations were made on days 0, 7, and 14 using instantaneous scan sampling from 0730 to 0830, 1200 to 1300, and 1700 to 1800 h. Data were analyzed using a completely randomized design with repeated measures model (SAS 9.4). Providing calves with intranasal oxytocin on the day of weaning did not have an effect on the distance walked, observed behavior, body weight, β-hydroxybutyrate, or cortisol concentrations, however, there was a day effect (P < 0.05) for these variables. Intranasal oxytocin treatment did affect NEFA concentrations, as calves in the CON group had greater NEFA concentrations on day 1 compared with calves in the OXT group (P < 0.05). These data imply that intranasal oxytocin could have the capacity to decrease mobilization of NEFA, but this change was not enough to affect body weight 14 days after weaning.

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On-farm Development of Potato Production from True Seed in Indonesia

Experimental Agriculture ◽

10.1017/s0014479700022985 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 28 (1) ◽

pp. 31-39 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

N. Gunadi ◽

M. J. Potts ◽

R. Sinung-Basuki ◽

Greta A. Watson

Keyword(s):

Production Systems ◽

Potato Production ◽

Production Costs ◽

Potato Seed ◽

True Potato Seed ◽

Yield Difference ◽

Tuber Crop ◽

On Farm ◽

Comparable Quality ◽

Better Than

SummaryThree seasons of on-farm experimentation to develop potato production from botanical or true potato seed (TPS) under cool fertile conditions in West Java, Indonesia, are described. Twenty-three farmers experimented with two production systems: use of transplants, and use of seedling tubers produced in nursery beds. There was little yield difference between the systems, but an apparent progeny × system × season interaction was observed. All progenies were more resistant to late blight than the present cultivars grown from tubers. Appropriate matching of progeny and system gave seed of comparable quality with, but total yields slightly less than, certified imported seed of cv. Granola. Ware quality was slightly better than that of cv. Granola. Production costs were markedly less than for a tuber crop, making TPS ideal for small, resource-poor farmers.

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