scholarly journals The hydroxychloroquine alliance: how far-right leaders and alt-science preachers came together to promote a miracle drug

2021 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 197-214
Author(s):  
Guilherme Casarões ◽  
David Magalhães
Keyword(s):  
Policy Implications ◽  
Far Right ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Conspiracy Theories ◽  
Health Authorities ◽  
The People ◽  
Cast Doubt ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Knowledge Claims

Abstract Soon after the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, the world saw far-right leaders uniting to promote hydroxychloroquine despite controversial results. Why have some leaders actively promoted the drug since then, contradicting recommendations made by their own government’s health authorities? Our argument is twofold. First, hydroxychloroquine has been an integral tool of medical populist performance in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. We adopt Lasco & Curato’s (2018) definition of medical populism as a political style based on performances of public health crises that pit ‘the people’ against ‘the establishment’ using alternative knowledge claims to cast doubt on the credibility of doctors, scientists, and technocrats. Second, rather than being an individual endeavor, medical populism addressing the coronavirus crisis has led populists to build an alt-science network. We define it as a loose movement of alleged truth-seekers who publicly advance scientific claims at a crossroads between partial evidence, pseudo-science, and conspiracy theories. It comprises scientists, businesspeople and celebrities united by their distrust of governments and mainstream science. In this article, we look at how the hydroxychloroquine alliance was formed, as well as its political and policy implications. To this end, we compare why and how Donald Trump and Jair Bolsonaro have appealed to medical populist performances when addressing the health crisis. By mobilizing the concepts of medical populism and alt-science, this paper aims to contribute to the scholarship on the relationship between populist politics and policy-making.

Social policy and populism: welfare nationalism as the new narrative of social citizenship

2018 ◽  
pp. 161-180
Author(s):  
Markus Ketola ◽  
Johan Nordensvard
Keyword(s):  
Social Policy ◽  
Political Elite ◽  
Social Rights ◽  
Social Citizenship ◽  
Far Right ◽  
Social Democratic ◽  
Discursive Strategies ◽  
The People ◽  
Policy Narratives ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter investigates the relationship between far-right populism and social policy. The chapter argues that an approach anchored in framing and policy narratives will yield new understandings of how far-right populist discourses have come to challenge social democratic and neoliberal welfare narratives. The new narrative challenges and denigrates the economic and political elite as self-serving and corrupt, claiming to represent the interest of the ‘people’ instead. In defining ‘people’, the interests of certain societal groups are prioritised on the bases of culture or ethnicity. Importantly for social policy, this chapter argues, in this universal social rights and social citizenship are reframed in ethno-nationalist and welfare chauvinist terms. The chapter draws upon the case of Sweden in order to briefly exemplify the discursive strategies at play.

scholarly journals Typologies and Argumentation Tactics in Religious Polemics - An Analysis of al-Jawāb al Sahih and the Cyprus Letter

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 44-94
Author(s):  
Faris Zwirahn
Keyword(s):  
Fourteenth Century ◽  
Medieval Period ◽  
Religious Truth ◽  
The People ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Religious Polemics

Christian-Muslim polemical exchanges and the relationship between the two faiths’ religious authorities in the medieval period were often rigid. One exchange between Christian theologians in Cyprus and Muslim theologians in Damascus is evidently polemical and exemplifies the difficult relations that occurred early in the fourteenth century and the nature of challenging religious arguments. That is The Letter from the People of Cyprus and Ibn Taymiyya’s response to it. This article offers a new analysis through the perspective of particular theoretical typologies of religious polemics. Accordingly, the article shows that these two polemicists adhere to multiple scriptural and rational tactics in support of their biased understanding of religious truth and the definition of impeccable revelations. It also shows that both theologians were involved in forceful and sometimes contradictory argumentative techniques.

The Slave1

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith Still
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Animals ◽  
American Identity ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Robinson Crusoe ◽  
The People ◽  
Modern Slavery ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
American Farmer

This chapter takes off from Derrida’s examination of the relationship between the sovereign and the people in Early Modern political philosophy, notably Rousseau’s Social Contract and Rousseau’s interlocutors (Plato, Aristotle, Hobbes); and from Derrida’s analysis of servitude or slavery in Robinson Crusoe. It sets this in the context of other Enlightenment writings on slavery and abolition (e.g. returning to the Encyclopédie), and to representations of slavery in the Americas more generally, including the English and French versions of the Letters from an American Farmer by the founding father of American identity, Crèvecoeur. Like the savage, the slave exists on the borderline between what is set up as the human and what is set up as the animal. Supporters of slavery put forward the hypothesis of natural slaves who are (like) animals; abolitionists, including former slaves, focus on the bestialisation of human beings who are forced to be property as domestic animals are. Debates over the precise definition of a slave, and over the distinction between figural and literal slaves, also have a purchase on modern slavery and the difficulty of drafting legislation.

scholarly journals A Posture of Protest? The Search for Christian Identity in A Post-Secular Society: Between Secularised Eschatology and A Sacralisation of History

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariëtta Van der Tol ◽  
Matthew Rowley
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
Christian Identity ◽  
Right Wing ◽  
Far Right ◽  
Christian Communities ◽  
The Past ◽  
The People ◽  
Secular Society ◽  
Good And Evil ◽  
The Relationship

This article theorises ideations of “the people” in a comparative reflection on Latin-Christian theologies and typologies of time and secularised appropriations thereof in right-wing as well as far-right movements in Europe and the United States of America. Understanding the world in grand narratives of “good” and “evil” emerges from Christian eschatological hope: the hope of the restoration and renewal of the cosmos and the final defeat of evil prophesised in association with the return of Christ. However, this language of good and evil becomes detached from the wider corpus of Christian belief and theology. In its secular expression, it may attach the good to an abstract and normative account of “the people”, who are defined in contrast to a range of others, both internal and external to the nation. Secular iterations might further echo the stratification of present, past and future through a sacralisation of the past and a dramatization of the future. The context of contemporary right-wing and far-right movements poses a series of questions about the relationship between belief and belonging, the acceptability of the secularization of Christian traditions and theologies, and the extent to which Christian communities can legitimately associate with right-wing movements.

scholarly journals Adskillelse og vekselvirkning. Om Grundtvigs syn på folkelighed og kristendom

1986 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-83
Author(s):  
Theodor Jørgensen
Keyword(s):  
Holy Spirit ◽  
The Other ◽  
Human Values ◽  
Sharp Distinction ◽  
The People ◽  
Political Perspective ◽  
The Holy Spirit ◽  
Life Philosophy ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Relationship

Separateness and InteractionGrundtvig’s Ideas on the Character of the People and ChristianityBy Professor Theodor Jørgensen, DD, CopenhagenSeparateness and interaction are central concepts in Grundtvig’s definition of the relationship between the character of the people and Christianity. He makes a sharp distinction between the two to ensure that the relationship between them remains a free one. It is important for Christianity, which does not want to rule but to serve the people. But this sharp distinction does not mean that Grundtvig understands the character of the people as a purely secular quantity. He sees it as spiritual, where spiritual contains the human spirit, the spirit of truth and the Holy Spirit. Regarded in this light the character of the people constitutes the prerequisite for Christianity, because it contains, albeit in broken form, the God-created humanity that is reborn in Christianity. At the deepest level the life-source in the character of the people and in Christianity is the same, i.e. God; or rather, God the Holy Spirit. And the interaction between them is God’s meeting with Himself in His creation. It is important to insist that the interaction works both ways, a fact often forgotten through a one-sided interpretation of Grundtvig’s basic principle: First a Man, then a Christian. The character of every people adds to Christianity a new faceting of its content through the gospel being preached in the native language and becoming concrete in its natural imagery. In return, Christianity adds to the character of every people the living hope in Christ, making it through Him a reborn character. Grundtvig’s view of the relationship between the two corresponds to the relationship nowadays between life-philosophy and faith. Faith receives a concretion from lifephilosophy. On the other hand there are fundamental human values, originally existing free of Christianity, which today are best defended by faith. Here faith acquires a political perspective.

TAX POLICY IN THE ISLAMIC ECONOMY IN NORMAL CIRCUMSTANCES

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohsen Al-Jumaili
Keyword(s):  
General Purpose ◽  
Public Expenditures ◽  
Essential Point ◽  
The People ◽  
Positive Economics ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Planning Objective ◽  
Public Revenues

After dealing with the issue of public revenues and expenditures in the positive economy, we are talking about the role of public revenues and expenditures in the Islamic economy in normal circumstances, which includes the definition of the house of money, its origin, its functions and the relationship between the budget and the house of money in Islam with the definition of the general budget in the positive and Islamic economy, as well as the role of revenues And public expenditures in Islamic economics, and through this comparison between revenues and expenditures in positive economics and Islamic economics, we reach the essential point, which is the advantage of Islamic economics that does not appear to us except by comparing it with other systems. The general budget was also defined in Islamic economics, its origins, its components, and other objectives of the general budget, such as the administrative objective and the planning objective, then from which the needy interests are fulfilled, and then the improvement. And all of this is to gain knowledge of the general purpose of Islamic legislation, which is to achieve the interests of the people in both the immediate and the future, by bringing them benefit and warding off corruption on their behalf.

URI RUBIN, Between Bible and Qurءan: The Children of Israel and the Islamic Self-Image, Studies in Late Antiquity and Early Islam, vol. 17 (Princeton, N.J.: Darwin Press, 1999). Pp. 293. $29.95 cloth.

2003 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 638-640
Author(s):  
DEVIN STEWART
Keyword(s):  
Late Antiquity ◽  
Self Image ◽  
The People ◽  
Early Islam ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Relationship

This book, adopting the method of Rubin's earlier work on the image of the Prophet Muhammad, The Eye of the Beholder: The Life of Muhammad as Viewed by the Early Muslims (1995), examines hadith reports of the first three Islamic centuries that draw on Qurءanic/biblical material. He analyzes these reports as attempts on the part of Muslims to define themselves vis-à-vis the People of the Book—primarily Jews, and to a lesser extent Christians. Each of the work's three parts reflects a particular historical attitude toward the Jews and definition of the relationship between Jews and Muslims.

Why We Cannot Make History. Some Remarks on a Lesson from Early Historicism

2010 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-137
Author(s):  
Peter Vogt
Keyword(s):  
Human Beings ◽  
Historical Contingency ◽  
Caspar David Friedrich ◽  
Cast Doubt ◽  
History Of ◽  
Conceptual Distinction ◽  
Historical Methodology ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Human Finitude

AbstractThere are various perspectives from which the meaning of historicism can be understood. Historically, the interpretation of historicism has predominantly been interested in either questions concerning historical methodology, or the relationship between the natural and human sciences, or the normative consequences of historicism. My intention is not to cast doubt upon the legitimacy of these different research approaches, but rather to supplement them by confronting the meaning of historicism from the perspective of a different question. Did historicism in the late 18th and the early 19th centuries formulate a notion of historical chance or of historical contingency, a notion of what is neither necessary nor impossible in history but rather the result of accident and chance? To answer this question, I begin with Reinhart Koselleck’s interpretation of historicism presented in two rather short essays, “Der Zufall als Motivationsrest in der Geschichtsschreibung” and “Über die Verfügbarkeit von Geschichte”. In the next step of my analysis, I confront Koselleck’s interpretation of the historicist sensibility for contingency and chance with Odo Marquard’s conceptual distinction between two notions of contingency and chance. This line of argumentation gives rise to a definition of historicism as a theoretical sensibility for the “fatefully accidental” (Marquard). I further support this claim with an analysis of Savigny’s legal history, of Schleiermacher’s theology and of the “anti-Faustian” (Werner Busch) art of Caspar David Friedrich. Historicism ultimately teaches us that history is never the exact outcome of the intentions of historical actors. Though human beings undeniably act in history, they cannot make history or at least cannot make it as they please. It is in this regard that I find, in my concluding remarks, Hermann Lübbe’s description of historicism as a “sermon of human finitude” to be wholly accurate.

scholarly journals Human development from the perspective of ecology

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Guiying Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Human Development ◽  
Political Economics ◽  
One Stage ◽  
The People ◽  
Man And Nature ◽  
Comprehensive Development ◽  
History Of ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Objective Existence

The pursuit of the liberation of all mankind and the comprehensive development of human freedom is the theme of all marxist theories.Marx in the criticism of classical political economics "abstract", to the whole history of the definition of "general", found the abstract "general" of the people behind the objective existence and state of development, so as to clearly indicate the relationship between man and nature of human development has experienced on the basis of the nature of the dependence on one stage, gradually from natural objects depends on the stage and with the natural fusion of freedom comprehensive stage, and the concrete connotation of man's free overall and implementation path.

Linguistic and Geographical Dynamics of Orographic Terms

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (121) ◽  
pp. 26-38
Author(s):  
B Abdualiuly
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Group ◽  
Evolutionary Dynamics ◽  
Modern Science ◽  
The Earth ◽  
The People ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Over Time

The terrain is diverse. Depending on the features in different regions, geographicalobjects are assigned different names. Each nation, based on its life and worldview, depending onnature, gives different names to the places in which it lives. The article will provide a linguistic andgeographical analysis of the relationship of the triad man – earth – name, taking into account thetraditions common to all peoples inhabiting the Earth, including the principles of naming theKazakh ethnic group. Geographical names in modern science are evaluated as the “language of theearth”. It is divided into generalizing and individualizing names. The generalizing names includefolk terms, the individualizing names are toponyms, the first have a descriptive meaning, the secondare individualizing, i.e. they perform the function of personification from other forms. Since theyare closely related to each other, they originate from each other, in most cases they are of a longnature. This is the evolutionary dynamics of language development.In this article, prepared on the basis of the concepts of “interdisciplinary connection”,“complexity”, which attract attention by their relevance in modern science, the regularities of thedevelopment of orographic terms are also considered. The course of development is divided intoterminological, as an element of an artistic language, and toponymic directions of development. Thefigurative meaning, the term meaning, the toponymic meaning are a vivid manifestation of thesethree directions in one word. The truth is that over time, becoming more and more autonomousfrom each other, each in its own way turns into a separate sphere. The research is devoted to thetheoretical and applied description of the degree of quality with the definition of the lexical systemof orographic terms that have developed in the language of the people for centuries.

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