Applications of 5-aminolevulinic acid on the physiological and biochemical characteristics of strawberry fruit during postharvest cold storage

ABSTRACT: The compound 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) is a key precursor in the biosynthesis of porphyrins, such as chlorophyll, heme and phytochromobilin, and has multiple physiological effects on plants. Varying concentrations of ALA (50mg L-1, 100mg L-1, and 150mg L-1) and water (control) were applied to white stage 'Sweet Charlie' strawberry fruit. All ALA treatments delayed senescence and improved the qualities of strawberries fruit during storage. Among the treatments, 150mg L-1 ALA was the most effective dosage concentration. Exogenously applied ALA significantly reduced the decay index, respiration rate, O2 - production rate (O2 -), H2O2 and malondialdehyde (MDA) content, increased superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase activities (APX), total soluble solids (TSS) content, titratable acidity (TA) and anthocyanin content during the initial stage of storage. These results supported the pre harvest application of ALA as a beneficial strategy for the prevention of postharvest decay of strawberry fruit.

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Effects of an Auxin and a brassinosteroid on physical, chemical and biochemical attributes of ‘Galaxy’ apples

Ciência Rural ◽

10.1590/0103-8478cr20180311 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 49 (4) ◽

Author(s):

Ângela Preza Ramos ◽

Aquidauana Miqueloto Zanardi ◽

Cassandro Vidal Talamini do Amarante ◽

Cristiano André Steffens ◽

Adaucto Bellarmino Pereira-Netto

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Titratable Acidity ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

Naphthalene Acetic Acid ◽

Anthocyanin Content ◽

Water Control ◽

Physical Chemical ◽

Total Antioxidant ◽

Fruit Shelf Life

ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to study the effect of the auxin naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) and the brassinosteroid 28-homocastasterone (28-HCS) applied every 15 days (harvest 2015/16) or every 21 days (harvest 2016/17) after full bloom, on the physical, chemical and biochemical attributes of the ‘Galaxy’ apples. The study was performed at a commercial orchard at Vacaria county, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. The following treatments were applied: water (control), NAA (0.1%), 28-HCS (10‒6 M) and NAA (0.1%) + 28-HCS (10‒6 M). For this purpose, 300 μL of the plant growth regulator solutions were applied to the fruit peduncles. Fruits treated with NAA every 21 days presented higher starch-iodine index and lower total soluble solids (TSS), titratable acidity (TA), lightness index (L) and hue angle (h°) than 28-HCS-treated fruits. Fruits treated every 15 days with NAA presented reduced skin rupture force (SRF), total antioxidant activities (TAA) of the skin and flesh, and hydrogen peroxide content compared to the control fruits. In addition, NAA application every 15 and 21 days resulted in increased anthocyanin content in the skin. Application of NAA + 28-HCS reduced superoxide dismutase activity. 28-HCS applications increased TSS, color attributes (C and h°) of the skin, total antioxidant activity of the skin and flesh and peroxidase activity compared to control fruits. These results are expected to help to understand how plant growth regulators affect apple quality. In addition, results described here are also expected to help on the development of strategies to reduce post harvest losses and to increase fruit shelf life.

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Impact of Chitosan, Sucrose, Glucose, and Fructose on the Postharvest Decay, Quality, Enzyme Activity, and Defense-Related Gene Expression of Strawberries

Horticulturae ◽

10.3390/horticulturae7120518 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (12) ◽

pp. 518

Author(s):

Yuanhua Wang ◽

Zhiming Yan ◽

Weihua Tang ◽

Qing Zhang ◽

Bei Lu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Disease Resistance ◽

Titratable Acidity ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

Control Group ◽

Anthocyanin Content ◽

Total Anthocyanin ◽

Treatment Groups ◽

Decay Index ◽

Fruit Decay ◽

Defense Related Gene

Strawberry is one of the most highly consumed fruits worldwide, but is extremely perishable. This study systematically compared the effects of chitosan, sucrose, glucose, and fructose immersion on the physiology and disease development in harvested strawberries. After storage at 15 °C for 9 days, all sugar treatment groups had significantly higher total soluble solids and total anthocyanin content than those of the control group. All sugar treatment groups inhibited malondialdehyde accumulation. At the end of the storage, chitosan, glucose, and fructose maintained higher superoxide dismutase activity and chitosan maintained higher catalase activity. The chitosan and glucose groups had lowest fruit decay index, followed by sucrose and fructose groups. The fruit firmness and luster were better maintained in the glucose group. Furthermore, genes related to sucrose metabolism (e.g., FaSUS1 and FaSUS2), titratable acidity accumulation (e.g., FaMDH1, FaMDH2, FaCS1, and FaCS2), disease resistance (e.g., FaPGIP1, FaWRKY1, and FaWRKY33) and to anabolic jasmonic acid and abscisic acid pathways (e.g., FaJAZ1, FaJAZ2, FaOPR3, FaNCED1, and FaNCED2) were regulated to varying degrees, suggesting that chitosan and glucose participate in plants’ immune signaling networks and regulate disease resistance in fruit through hormone pathways. The findings provide new insights into the physiological regulation of harvested strawberries.

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Evaluation of Biochemical Juice Attributes and Color-Related Traits in Muscadine Grape Population

Foods ◽

10.3390/foods10051101 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (5) ◽

pp. 1101

Author(s):

Jiovan Campbell ◽

Ali Sarkhosh ◽

Fariborz Habibi ◽

Pranavkumar Gajjar ◽

Ahmed Ismail ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Principal Component ◽

Titratable Acidity ◽

Positive Influence ◽

Biochemical Properties ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

Matrix Analysis ◽

Anthocyanin Content ◽

Total Anthocyanin ◽

Color Characteristics ◽

Muscadine Grape

Biochemical juice attributes and color-related traits of muscadine grape genotypes have been investigated. For this study, 90 muscadine genotypes, including 21 standard cultivars, 60 breeding lines, and 9 Vitis x Muscadinia hybrids (VM), were evaluated. The biochemical properties of total soluble solids (TSS), titratable acidity, and TSS/Acid (T/A) ratio showed modest diversity among genotypes with a range of 10.3 °Brix, 2.1 mg tartaric acid/L, and 4.6, respectively. Nonetheless, the pH trait exhibited a tight range of 0.74 among the population with a minimum and maximum pH of 3.11 ± 0.12 and 3.85 ± 0.12. Color-related traits showed more deviation between individuals. Total anthocyanin content (TAC), luminosity index (L*), hue angle (h°), and chroma index (C*) displayed a range of 398 µg/g DW, 33.2, 352.1, and 24, respectively. The hierarchical clustering map classified the population into two large groups of colored and non-colored grapes based on L* and h°, suggesting the predominance of these two characters among the population. The colored berries genotypes clade was further divided into several sub-clades depending on C*, TAC, and TSS levels. The principal component analysis (PCA) separated the four-color characteristics into two groups with a negative correlation between them, L* and C* versus TAC and h°. Further, PCA suggested the positive influence of acidity in enhancing the different nutraceutical components. Despite the nature of anthocyanins as a member of phenolic compounds, a lack of significant correlation between TAC and nutraceutical-related traits was detected. The dissimilatory matrix analysis highlighted the muscadine individuals C11-2-2, E16-9-1, O21-13-1, and Noble as particular genotypes among the population due to enhanced color characteristics.

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Bioactive compounds in gladiolus flowers

Ornamental Horticulture ◽

10.1590/2447-536x.v27i3.2310 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Alexandra Goede de Souza ◽

Eduardo Affonso Jung ◽

Vinícius Petermann Benedicto ◽

Leosane Cristina Bosco

Keyword(s):

Titratable Acidity ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Anthocyanin Content ◽

Cut Flowers ◽

Flavonoid Content ◽

Total Titratable Acidity ◽

Total Antioxidant ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship

Abstract Flowers have received special attention not only for their ornamental nature but also for their nutraceutical, cosmetic, aromatic, and culinary properties. This study aimed to characterize physicochemical attributes and the antioxidant capacity of flowers of four gladiolus cultivars. The cultivars used were White Friendship, Rose Supreme, Jester, and T704. We analyzed the content of total soluble solids (SS), total titratable acidity (TA), SS/TA ratio, pH, vitamin C, anthocyanin, flavonoids, total phenolic compounds (TPC), total antioxidant activity (TAA), and the relationship of TPC with flavonoids and TAA for each cultivar. The results showed that the Jester flowers had the lowest TA and highest SS/TA ratio, indicating the best flavor. Jester also had the highest flavonoid content, similarly to the White Friendship and Rose Supreme. As a result, these cultivars have flowers with higher TPC and TAA content than T704. The anthocyanin content was the characteristic attribute of cultivar T704, due to its purple pigmentation. Gladiolus flowers, traditionally used in landscaping and as cut flowers, have the potential for use in human nutrition, particularly the White Friendship, Rose Supreme, and Jester cultivars.

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Hydrogen Sulfide Alleviates Postharvest Senescence of Grape by Modulating the Antioxidant Defenses

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity ◽

10.1155/2016/4715651 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2016 ◽

pp. 1-14 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

Zhi-Jing Ni ◽

Kang-Di Hu ◽

Chang-Bing Song ◽

Run-Hui Ma ◽

Zhi-Rong Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Enzymes ◽

Hydrogen Sulfide ◽

Titratable Acidity ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

Antioxidant Defenses ◽

Carotenoid Content ◽

Water Control ◽

Chlorophyll Breakdown ◽

S Application ◽

Postharvest Senescence

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has been identified as an important gaseous signal in plants. Here, we investigated the mechanism of H2S in alleviating postharvest senescence and rotting of Kyoho grape. Exogenous application of H2S released from 1.0 mM NaHS remarkably decreased the rotting and threshing rate of grape berries. H2S application also prevented the weight loss in grape clusters and inhibited the decreases in firmness, soluble solids, and titratable acidity in grape pulp during postharvest storage. The data of chlorophyll and carotenoid content suggested the role of H2S in preventing chlorophyll breakdown and carotenoid accumulation in both grape rachis and pulp. In comparison to water control, exogenous H2S application maintained significantly higher levels of ascorbic acid and flavonoid and total phenolics and reducing sugar and soluble protein in grape pulp. Meanwhile, H2S significantly reduced the accumulation of malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and superoxide anion (O2∙-) in grape pulp. Further investigations showed that H2S enhanced the activities of antioxidant enzymes ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and catalase (CAT) and decreased those of lipoxygenase (LOX) in both grape peels and pulp. In all, we provided strong evidence that H2S effectively alleviated postharvest senescence and rotting of Kyoho grape by modulating antioxidant enzymes and attenuating lipid peroxidation.

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STORAGE LIFE AND QUALITY OF BLACKBERRY FRUIT WHEN HELD AT TEMPERATURES GREATER THAN 1C

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.29.7.737f ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 29 (7) ◽

pp. 737f-737

Author(s):

P. Perkins-Veazie ◽

J.K. Collins ◽

J.R. Clark

Keyword(s):

Weight Loss ◽

Temperature Effects ◽

Storage Temperature ◽

Titratable Acidity ◽

Storage Life ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

Anthocyanin Content ◽

Solids Concentration ◽

Soluble Solids Concentration

The storage life of blackberry fruit is generally `2 to 3 days when stored at 1C. This study was done to determine the maximum storage life among erect blackberry cultivars, and to determine storage temperature effects on storage life. Shiny black fruit from `Navaho', `Arapaho', and `Shawnee' cultivars were stored at 2C, 5C, or 10C for 20, 14, and 7 days, respectively. At any temperature. only 10-20% of `Navaho' fruit had decay, while 30-50% of `Arapaho' and 40-70% of `Shawnee' fruit had decay. Weight loss was 3-5% depending on temperature and was not different among cultivars. Soluble solids concentration did not change during storage but titratable acidity decreased in all cultivars for fruit held at all temperatures. Anthocyanin content increased during storage in `Shawnee' and `Navaho' but not in `Arapaho' fruit. Results indicate that `Navaho' fruit have a longer shelflife than other blackberry cultivars.

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Effects of Forchlorfenuron and Abscisic Acid on the Quality of ‘Flame Seedless’ Grapes

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.43.1.173 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 43 (1) ◽

pp. 173-176 ◽

Cited By ~ 46

Author(s):

M. Cecilia Peppi ◽

Matthew W. Fidelibus

Keyword(s):

Abscisic Acid ◽

Fruit Set ◽

Titratable Acidity ◽

Cultural Practice ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

Anthocyanin Content ◽

Beneficial Effects ◽

Table Grapes ◽

Red Color ◽

Seedless Grapes

Forchlorfenuron (CPPU), a synthetic cytokinin, applied after fruit set increases the size and firmness of table grapes (Vitis vinifera L.) beyond what is possible without CPPU treatment. However, treatment with CPPU may inhibit coloring of ‘Flame Seedless’ grapes, limiting its use in growing areas where color has been consistently poor. In contrast, application of abscisic acid (ABA) to ‘Flame Seedless’ grapes may cause fruit softening, which is undesirable, but its primary effect is to increase anthocyanin content and fruit color. Thus, we hypothesized that application of CPPU followed by ABA might increase the size and firmness of ‘Flame Seedless’ grapes without excessively inhibiting coloring. Grapes were treated with 0 or 20 g·ha−1 CPPU (applied at fruit set) and 0, 300, or 600 mg·L−1 ABA (applied at veraison) in 2005 and with 0, 5, 10, 15, or 20 g·ha−1 CPPU and 0, 200, 400, or 600 mg·L−1 ABA in 2006. Both plant growth regulators (PGRs) increased berry mass, but grapes treated with CPPU were as firm, or firmer, than nontreated grapes, whereas those treated with ABA were of similar or lesser firmness. Treatment with CPPU generally reduced soluble solids and red berry color, whereas treatment with ABA reduced titratable acidity and increased red color. The PGRs did not interact to affect any of the fruit quality variables measured, so beneficial effects of CPPU or ABA were apparent whether the grapes were treated with either or both PGRs. Thus, the combined use of CPPU and ABA may be a desirable cultural practice for ‘Flame Seedless’.

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Productivity and Qualitative Characteristics of Varieties of Beets

Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.5539/jas.v10n6p327 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (6) ◽

pp. 327

Author(s):

Pablo W. R. Coutinho ◽

Márcia M. Echer ◽

Paulo S. R. Oliveira ◽

Graciela M. Dalastra ◽

Danielle A. Cadorin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Plant Height ◽

Titratable Acidity ◽

Shape Index ◽

Physicochemical Characteristics ◽

Quality Characteristics ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

Anthocyanin Content ◽

Fresh Weight ◽

Average Mass ◽

Qualitative Characteristics

The objective of this study was to evaluate the physicochemical characteristics, biometric and productivity of beet cultivars. The experiment was conducted in random blocks with four repetition. The treatments were six beet cultivars: Maravilha, Merlot, Kestrel, Itapua 202, Chata do Egito and Tall Top Early Wonder. These cultivars were evaluated for plant height, leaf number, diameter and length of root, average mass of root and fresh weight of shoot, the root shape index, productivity, the soluble solids, titratable acidity, ratio, pH and anthocyanin content. The highest average root masses and productivity were observed for the cultivars Maravilha e Tall Top Early Wonder, being similar to Itapua 202 cultivars and the Boring Egypt. For quality characteristics there was no difference between cultivars for the soluble solids and pH, this was not the same behavior for titratable acidity and ratio. The highest anthocyanin content were observed in cultivars Merlot, Kestrel and Chata do Egito. The cultivars Chata do Egito presented the best productivity and quality characteristics, for the factors and elements of the elapsed year climate.

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Physicochemical properties of fruit of 16 saskatoon (Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt.) cultivars

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/p04-065 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 85 (4) ◽

pp. 933-938 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

A. M. Zatylny ◽

W. D. Ziehl ◽

R. G. St-Pierre

Keyword(s):

Physicochemical Properties ◽

Fruit Juice ◽

Titratable Acidity ◽

Fruit Weight ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

Anthocyanin Content ◽

Amelanchier Alnifolia ◽

Fruit Composition ◽

Hue Angle ◽

L Value

Physicochemical properties were assessed for the fruit of 16 saskatoon (Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt.) cultivars harvested in 1998–2000 from replicated trials at two sites (Saskatoon and Moonlake, SK). The cultivars included Bluff, Buffalo, Elizabeth (at Saskatoon only), Forestburg, Honeywood, JB30, Martin, Nelson, Northline, PAR 90, Parkhill, Pearson II, Pembina, Smoky, Success, and Thiessen. Fruit weight and total solids, soluble solids, pH, titratable acidity, anthocyanin content, and colour characteristics of the fruit juice extracts were measured. Fruit of Martin, Thiessen and PAR 90 had the highest fruit weights (mean = 1.63 g), and Success and Bluff the lowest (mean = 0.79 g). Total and soluble solids contents ranged among cultivars from 19.9% and 14.0 °Brix, respectively, for JB30, to 27.9% and 20.1 °Brix, respectively, for Pembina. Fruit pH ranged from 3.65 for Nelson to 4.18 for Parkhill and Smoky. Fruit of Nelson had a titratable acidity (0.63%) that was approximately twice that of Success, Pearson II, Forestburg, Honeywood, Smoky and Parkhill. The soluble solids to titratable acidity ratio (SS/TA) differed greatly among cultivars ranging from 27 for JB30 to 55 for Parkhill. The colour characteristics of the fruit juice extracts differed among cultivars in chroma and L values, but not in hue angle. Anthocyanin analysis by HPLC identified four peaks: cyanidin-3-galactoside, cyanidin-3- glucoside and two unknowns. Total fruit anthocyanin content ranged from 414 µg g-1 for Forestburg to 852 µg g-1 for Nelson. Correlations were found between anthocyanin content and fruit pH, titratable acidity, hue angle and L value. Key words: Amelanchier alnifolia, saskatoon, fruit composition, acidity, anthocyanin content

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Development and Properties of Fish Gelatin/Oxidized Starch Double Network Film Catalyzed by Thermal Treatment and Schiff’ Base Reaction

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym11122065 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (12) ◽

pp. 2065 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Yuhao Dong ◽

Hao Chen ◽

Peng Qiao ◽

Zijing Liu

Keyword(s):

Schiff Base ◽

Thermal Treatment ◽

Composite Films ◽

Titratable Acidity ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

Anthocyanin Content ◽

Fish Gelatin ◽

Total Anthocyanin ◽

Double Network ◽

Oxidized Starch

In order to improve the properties of fish gelatin (FG), oxidized starch (OS) was adopted to form hetero-covalent linkage with it based on thermal treatment and the Schiff’ base reaction. The effects of different ratios of FG/OS (ranging from 10:1 to 2:1) on the properties of films were investigated. OS improved the mechanical and barrier properties of films significantly, while the moisture content decreased as OS concentration increased. The optimum concentration was obtained at the loading amount of 1.5% (w/v) OS. FT-IR spectra revealed the covalent cross-linking between FG and OS induced by Schiff’ base reaction. Moreover, composite films had superior preservation effect on blueberry, according to the results of weight loss, total soluble solids, titratable acidity, and total anthocyanin content. Therefore, this study suggested that FG-OS double network films (FODF) has great potential in the packaging industry.

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