scholarly journals Single- and Multispecies Biofilms by Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Salmonella spp. Isolated from Raw Fish and a Fish Processing Unit

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesieli Braz Frozi ◽  
Luciana Maria Ramires Esper ◽  
Robson Maia Franco
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Sodium Hypochlorite Solution ◽  
Processing Unit ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Incubation Periods ◽  
Multispecies Biofilms

ABSTRACT: The consumption of fish by the Brazilian population is increasing. However, fish and seafood are highly perishable and can be contaminated with several microorganisms. In addition, the possibility of biofilm formation is a greater cause for concern. In this study, biofilm formation was evaluated in single- and multispecies cultures at 25°C for incubation periods of 0, 4, 8, 24, and 48h in stainless steel coupons (size, 1.0×1.0cm) immersed in tryptic soy broth. The characteristics of the formed biofilms after sanitizing by immersing the coupons in 200ppm sodium hypochlorite solution for 10min were also evaluated under the same experimental conditions but with some modifications. Biofilm structure was evaluated using scanning electron microscopy. Analysis of single-species biofilms indicated that all bacterial strains formed biofilms at different intervals without any statistically significant difference. However, comparison of the growth of single- and multispecies cultures indicated a significantly higher biofilm formation by the pure cultures. In multispecies biofilms, compared with the other microorganisms, growth of Salmonella spp. was significantly lower for all tested incubation periods; whereas, of Staphylococcus aureus was significantly higher than that of E. coli until 8h of incubation; the differences in growth were not significantly different after this incubation period. Sanitizing with sodium hypochlorite was effective because no cell growth was observed in the coupons that were treated with 200ppm sodium hypochlorite for 10min. This study demonstrated the ability of isolated microorganisms to form biofilms, reinforcing the need for food handling establishments to adopt good manufacturing practices, developing adequate protocols for cleaning and disinfecting surfaces and equipment used in food production, maintaining and replacing equipment when necessary.

scholarly journals Effect of Application Time of Two Different Disinfectants on the Surface Roughness of an Elastomeric Impression Material

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tahir Karaman ◽  
Faruk Oztekin ◽  
Samet Tekin
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
Quaternary Ammonium ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Sodium Hypochlorite Solution ◽  
Application Time ◽  
Impression Material ◽  
Significant Difference

Introduction: Pathogens, such as cytomegalovirus, hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2, and human immunodeficiency virus are transmitted, threatening the health of dental laboratory workers, especially as a result of saliva and blood contact of patients. To prevent cross-infection, impression materials should be disinfected at the end of the impression process in the mouth. Aim: To study the effect of application time of sodium hypochlorite and quaternary ammonium-based disinfectant solution on the surface roughness of an elastomeric impression material. Materials and Methods: In this in-vitro study done during March 2020, 10 disc-shaped samples were used in each group, with a total of 110 samples obtained from a light body elastomeric impression material with dimensions of 15×3 mm. The samples were kept in a sodium hypochlorite solution (Wizard; Rehber Kimya, Istanbul, Turkey) at concentrations of 1% and 5% for 1, 5, 10, and 30 minutes and in a quaternary ammonium-based disinfectant (Zeta 7 Solution, Zhermack SpA, Italy) for 10 and 30 minutes. Surface roughness measurements were taken with a profilometer device. The data obtained were statistically analysed by Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and Wilcoxon signed rank test for dependent/paired groups for the continuous data. The significance level was set to α=0.05. Results: A statistically significant difference was found between the control group and the 1% sodium hypochlorite (30 min p-value 0.037), and 5% sodium hypochlorite (30 min p-value 0.017). The statistical evaluation of the surface roughness of the samples with different concentrations of sodium hypochlorite and the same times was done and found statistically significant at 30 mins, p-value 0.021. Conclusion: The prolonged application of the sodium hypochlorite disinfectant at 1% and 5% concentrations caused a significant increase in the light body elastomeric impression material’s surface roughness

scholarly journals MICROBIAL CONTAMINATION OF SELECTED FRESH FRUITS AND VEGETABLES SOLD IN HAWASSA, CAPITAL CITY OF SOUTHERN ETHIOPIA

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beyene Dobo
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Southern Ethiopia ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Fruit Samples ◽  
And Staphylococcus Aureus

For good health, including fresh fruits and vegetables in our daily diet is very important. Fresh fruits and vegetables are highly perishable and affected by different microbial contaminants from production up to consumption. The objective of this study was to evaluate the important microbial spectrum of selected fruits and vegetables and their management from Hawassa town markets. A total of 27 fruit and 9 vegetable samples were analyzed for pathogens from their surface wash. The mean aerobic mesophillic count (AMC) ranged from 2.04x10-7cfu/ml to 4.2x10-6cfu/ml from the surface wash and the total coliform count (TC) ranged from 2.50LTBccfu/ml x10-7 to 1.5x10-6cfu/ml. Fecal coliform ranged from 3.2x10-6 to 0 cfu/ml and the range for Salmonella spp. and Staphylococcus aureus were 1.8x10-6 to 0 cfu/ml and 2.50LTBcx10-7 to 0 cfu/ml respectively. Mold and yeast count ranged from 7.6x10-6 to 0.2x10-4 from the fruit surface wash. There was statistically significant difference regarding to AMC and TC between markets in between banana and orange samples and they were detected in all fruit samples. From the 36 samples E. coli and molds and yeast were found in all fruit samples, and Salmonella and Staphylococcus aureus were detected in 89% fruit samples in each. Activities during harvesting, transportation, storage and marketing conditions favored contamination of most commonly used fruits banana and orange. Besides, poor hygiene of the venders, using microbial unsafe containers, poor handling practice and poor environmental conditions such as sanitarily unsafe marketing environment were identified to be another sources of contamination. Hence, for safe and clean supply of fruits, community members working with the fruits must be trained on the ways by which fruits can be contaminated and the safe methods of harvesting, transportation, storage and vending the fruits.

scholarly journals IMBIBITION EFFECT OF IMMERSION HYDROCOLLOID IRREVERSIBLE ALGINATE IN SODIUM HYPOCHLORITE SOLUTIO

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 59-67
Author(s):  
Siti Coryniken ◽  
Didin Kustantiningtyastuti ◽  
Afriwardi Afriwardi
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
Repeated Measure ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sodium Hypochlorite Solution ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Impression Material ◽  
Hypochlorite Solution ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Weight Calculation ◽  
Disinfectant Solution

materials have character that absorb water it is imbibition that can affect the dimensional stability when immersed in disinfectant . The purpose of this study is to see the effect of imbibition at alginate impression material immersed in a disinfectant solution of Sodium Hypochlorite .The method used was experimental with pretest and posttest with control group design . The mold were diameter of 28 mm and height 18 mm .the impression were immersed in sodium hypochlorite 0.5 % and 1 % for 3 minutes , 5 minutes and 10 minutes . Imbibition weight calculation is done by using digital scales.The results showed that the presence of imbibition on impression material alginate that immersed in Sodium Hypochlorite solution for 3 minutes , 5 minutes and 10 minutes . Statistical Test Two Way Repeated Measure ANOVA showed a significant difference ( p< 0.05 ) in minutes imbibition , while the concentration of the solution had a significant difference ( p > 0.05 ) .The conclusion of this study is the alginate impression material has the effect of imbibition to immersion Sodium Hypochlorite solution. Keywords : hydrocolloid Alginate , Sodium Hypochlorite , imbibition effects , immersio

Clinical Efficacy of 5% Sodium Hypochlorite for Removal of Stains Caused by Dental Fluorosis

2009 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 187-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aurora Cárdenas Flores ◽  
Héctor Flores Reyes ◽  
Antonio Gordillo Moscoso ◽  
Juan Pablo Castanedo Cázares ◽  
Amaury de Pozos Guillén
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Efficacy ◽  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
Dental Fluorosis ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Color Space ◽  
Young Patients ◽  
Permanent Teeth ◽  
Sodium Hypochlorite Solution ◽  
Composite Surface ◽  
Significant Difference

The objective of this study was to evaluate the clinical efficacy of 5% sodium hypochlorite solution for removal of stains caused by dental fluorosis in young patients. A clinical trial involved 33 patients with diffuse opacities on the enamel surfaces of maxillary incisors due to effects of dental fluorosis. The protocol of treatment 3 steps:(1) cleaning and enamel etching with 37% phosphoric acid in order to eliminate the layer that covers the fluorotic enamel surface and allow better penetration of the bleaching agent,(2) application of 5% sodium hypochlorite to remove stains caused by organic material, and (3) filling the opened microcavities with a light-cured, composite surface sealant to prevent restaining. The whiteness of the enamel lesions before and after treatment were expressed in L*, a*, and b* color space measurements using a Minolta Chroma Meter CR300. Analysis of parameters of ¢E (L*, a*, b*) showed that changes were observed in the L* (brightness) and a* (redness), which paralleled the ¢E differences. There was no significant difference in the b* (yellow) parameter. The technique described in this study appears to have advantages over other methods for improving the appearance of fluorotic lesions. It is simple, low cost, non invasive so the enamel keeps its structure, relatively rapid, and safe; it requires no special materials, and it can be used with safety on young permanent teeth.

scholarly journals Eradication of a Mature Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Biofilm From Acrylic Surfaces

2013 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 487-491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen Tereza Altieri ◽  
Paula Volpato Sanitá ◽  
Ana Lucia Machado ◽  
Eunice Teresinha Giampaolo ◽  
Ana Cláudia Pavarina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Microwave Irradiation ◽  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Acrylic Resin ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Chlorhexidine Gluconate ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Methicillin Resistant

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) can grow as structured biofilm in different surfaces, including oral mucosa and denture surfaces. Such biofilms can be released into the oral fluids and aspirated, causing systemic infections such as aspiration pneumonia. This study evaluated the efficacy of two disinfectant solutions and microwave irradiation in disinfecting acrylic specimens contaminated with MRSA biofilm. Thirty-six acrylic specimens were made, sterilized and contaminated with MRSA (107 cfu/mL). After incubation (37 °C/48 h), the specimens were divided into 4 groups: not disinfected (positive control); soaking in 1% sodium hypochlorite for 10 min; soaking in 2% chlorhexidine gluconate for 10 min; and irradiating by microwave for 3 min at 650 W. The viability of cells was evaluated by XTT reduction method. All specimens from the positive control group showed biofilm formation after 48 h incubation. The mean absorbance value of the control specimens was 1.58 (OD at 492 nm). No evidence of biofilm formation was observed on specimens after the disinfection methods. Disinfection by soaking in 1% sodium hypochlorite and 2% chlorhexidine gluconate and irradiating by microwaves resulted in 100% reduction of MRSA biofilm metabolism. The use of chemical solutions and microwave irradiation was shown to be effective for eradicating mature MRSA biofilms on acrylic resin specimens.

scholarly journals Inactivation of heat adapted and chlorine adapted Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 7644 on tomatoes using sodium dodecyl sulphate, levulinic acid and sodium hypochlorite solution

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Oluwatosin Ademola Ijabadeniyi ◽  
Elizabeth Mnyandu
Keyword(s):  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate ◽  
Levulinic Acid ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Sodium Hypochlorite Solution ◽  
Hypochlorite Solution ◽  
Log Reduction ◽  
Significant Difference

The effectiveness of sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS), sodium hypochlorite solution and levulinic acid in reducing the survival of heat adapted and chlorine adapted <em>Listeria monocytogenes</em> ATCC 7644 was evaluated. The results against heat adapted <em>L. monocytognes</em> revealed that sodium hypochlorite solution was the least effective, achieving log reduction of 2.75, 2.94 and 3.97 log CFU/mL for 1, 3 and 5 minutes, respectively. SDS was able to achieve 8 log reduction for both heat adapted and chlorine adapted bacteria. When used against chlorine adapted <em>L. monocytogenes</em> sodium hypochlorite solution achieved log reduction of 2.76, 2.93 and 3.65 log CFU/mL for 1, 3 and 5 minutes, respectively. Using levulinic acid on heat adapted bacteria achieved log reduction of 3.07, 2.78 and 4.97 log CFU/mL for 1, 3, 5 minutes, respectively. On chlorine adapted bacteria levulinic acid achieved log reduction of 2.77, 3.07 and 5.21 log CFU/mL for 1, 3 and 5 minutes, respectively. Using a mixture of 0.05% SDS and 0.5% levulinic acid on heat adapted bacteria achieved log reduction of 3.13, 3.32 and 4.79 log CFU/mL for 1, 3 and 5 minutes while on chlorine adapted bacteria it achieved 3.20, 3.33 and 5.66 log CFU/mL, respectively. Increasing contact time also increased log reduction for both test pathogens. A storage period of up to 72 hours resulted in progressive log reduction for both test pathogens. Results also revealed that there was a significant difference (P ≤ 0.05) between contact times, storage times and sanitizers. Findings from this study can be used to select suitable sanitizers and contact times for heat adapted and chlorine adapted <em>L. monocytogenes</em> in the fresh produce industry.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial TEMPO-oxidized hemp fibers with incorporated silver particles

2012 ◽  
Vol 77 (12) ◽  
pp. 1759-1773 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jovana Milanovic ◽  
Tatjana Mihailovic ◽  
Katarina Popovic ◽  
Mirjana Kostic
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
Nitrate Solution ◽  
Catalytic Amount ◽  
Silver Particles ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Hemp Fibers ◽  
Maximum Sorption Capacity ◽  
Mediated Oxidation

In this paper, the preparation of the antimicrobial silver loaded hemp fibers were carried out by selective TEMPO-mediated oxidation, i.e. oxidation with sodium hypochlorite and catalytic amount of sodium bromide and 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxy radical (TEMPO), followed by silver sorption from aqueous silver nitrate solution. The most suitable experimental conditions for the selective TEMPO-mediated oxidation were determined by changing oxidation conditions: concentration of sodium hypochlorite and duration of sorption. The obtained results showed that the maximum sorption capacity (0.703 mmol of silver per gram of fibers) of modified hemp fibers was obtained for the sample modified with 9.67 mmol NaClO per gram of fibers, during 4 hours. SEM microphotographs of the modified hemp fibers with incorporated silver showed uniformly distributed silver particles on the surface of fibers, with isometric shapes and sizes from 10 to 100 nm, despite the fact that silver was sorbed from ionic solution. The antibacterial activity of the TEMPO-oxidized hemp fibers with silver particles was confirmed in vitro against two strains: Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923) and Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), and the antifungal activity against fungi Candida albicans (ATCC 24433). The best antimicrobial activity of silver-loaded TEMPO-oxidized hemp fibers was showed against strain Staphylococcus aureus.

scholarly journals PERBEDAAN STABILITAS DIMENSI ANTARA CETAKAN ALGINAT YANG DISEMPROT DENGAN LARUTAN NATRIUM HIPOKLORIT 0,5% DAN DETTOL 5%

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-70
Author(s):  
Wira Putri Winata ◽  
Kuswardani Susari Putri ◽  
Febrian Febrian
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
Dimensional Stability ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sodium Hypochlorite Solution ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Hypochlorite Solution ◽  
Impression Materials ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Post Test ◽  
The Difference

The impression materials that most commonly used in dentistry was alginate. Factors that must be considered was the controlled of infection transmission from alginate, it was important to do disinfection using a disinfectant solution. Alginate had imbibition properties, so that disinfection by spraying technique allowed the expansion of alginate affecting the dimensional stability of impressions. The purpose of this research was to determine the difference between the dimensional stability of alginate impression were sprayed with a solution of sodium hypochlorite 0,5% and Dettol® 5%.  The method used was an experimental laboratory with post test only control group design. 27 samples were divided into 3 groups: spraying with 0.5% sodium hypochlorite solution, spraying with 5% Dettol® solution, and spraying with aquades as a controlled. Alginate impressions were sprayed with 0,5% sodium hypochlorite solution, Dettol® 5%, and aquades then filled with gypsum, and then measured dimensional stability by using micrometer screw. Data were analyzed with the Kruskal-Wallis test.  The results showed that differences between the dimensional stability of alginate impressions were sprayed with a solution of sodium hypochlorite 0.5% and 5% Dettol® was not significant (p> 0,05).  The conclusion of this research was there was no significant difference between the alginate impressions were sprayed with a solution of sodium hypochlorite 0,5% and Dettol® 5% to dimensional stability. Keywords : dimensional stability, alginate, sprayed, sodium hypochlorite, Dettol®

scholarly journals Embryotoxic and teratogenic effects of ‘Vitosept’ on white rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 22-26
Author(s):  
M. P. Soltys ◽  
H. V. Rudyk ◽  
V. M. Gunchak ◽  
B. V. Gutyi
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
High Purity ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sodium Hypochlorite Solution ◽  
Teratogenic Effects ◽  
Pregnant Females ◽  
White Rats ◽  
Group I ◽  
Significant Difference

The effect of ‘Vitosept’ drug, based on sodium hypochlorite solution with high purity, obtained in a specially developed membraneless flow electrolyzer, on the embryotoxic and teratogenic properties in rats was investigated. To determine the embryotoxic effect of ‘Vitosept’ on the development of white rats offspring of the 1st generation, control and three experimental groups (G1, G2, G3) were formed from pregnant females. The females of the control group with a blunt probe were injected daily for 30 days with 5 ml of isotonic sodium chloride solution, and experimental ones with 5 ml of ‘Vitosept’ drug with different concentration of high purity sodium hypochlorite: Group I (G1) — 50 mg/l; Group II (G2) — 100 mg/l; Group III (G3) — 500 mg/l. The animals were observed. During the observation the condition and behavior of the females, the dynamics of body weight change, duration of pregnancy, and the course of birth were monitored. The results of the experiment were recorded after the slaughter of pregnant females (20th day of pregnancy) and in the postnatal period of development of the offspring. Studies have shown that the use of different concentrations of the drug ‘Vitosept’ in rats for 30 days before and during pregnancy has no embryotoxic and teratogenic effects. According to the indicators of the total, pre- and postimplantation lethality of embryos, there were no reliable changes in the structure and morphometry of internal organs and tissues in 20-day-old fetuses, and their development corresponded to the terms of pregnancy. There was no significant difference between the fertility of female rats in the test and control groups. The average number of fetuses per female was within 9 animals. The rats obtained from the females of the experimental groups were viable and did not lag behind in growth and development compared with the control animals, which generally characterizes the studied drug ‘Vitosept’ as non-toxic, lacking embryotoxic and teratogenic action

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