Harvest times and seed germination of three safflower genotypes

ABSTRACT: The safflower (Carthamus tinctoriusL.) has an uneven flowering and fruiting, which can cause problems in seed production and harvesting in regions with hot and humid climates. However, little is known about the optimal safflower harvest time. Therefore, this study evaluated the optimumtiming for seed harvest of three safflower genotypes (2106, S-325, and 7329).The experiment was a randomized complete block design with six replications. The harvest started 16 days after flowering (DAF) and ended at 52 DAF. Ten harvests were made in total. Seed water content, seeds fresh and dry matter, seed germination, and first germination counts were evaluated.Genotypes 2106 and 7329 had germination rates of 79% and 91%, respectively, at 34 and 38 DAF, while genotype S-325 had 90% germination at 37 DAF. Harvesting at 52 DAF combined with a rainy season impaired the germination of safflower seeds. The harvest time most suitable for safflower occurred between 34 and 42DAF, when the seeds have the seed water content between 26% and 33%.

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Karakterisasi Morfologi dan Sifat Kuantitatif Gandum (Triticum aestivum L.) di Dataran Menengah

Jurnal Agronomi Indonesia (Indonesian Journal of Agronomy) ◽

10.24831/jai.v44i2.13485 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 44 (2) ◽

pp. 162

Author(s):

Sartika Widowati ◽

Nurul Khumaida ◽

Sintho Wahyuning Ardie ◽

Dan Trikoesoemaningtyas

Keyword(s):

Morphological Character ◽

Plant Biomass ◽

Block Design ◽

Triticum Aestivum L ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Environmental Condition ◽

Harvest Time ◽

Wheat Growth ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design ◽

Weight Number

ABSTRACT Indonesia is one of the largest wheat importers. Suitable environmental condition for wheat needs to be studied if wheat is going to be widely cultivated in Indonesia. The adaptability of wheat grown in various climates and altitudes is one of the important aspects. The objective of this experiment was to study the quantitative and morphological character of wheat grown in middle land (540 m asl) in Bogor, West Java. The experiment was arranged in randomized complete block design with three replications. Wheat genotypes used were three national varieties (Nias, Selayar, and Dewata), four new improved varieties (Guri 3 Agritan, Guri 4 Agritan, Guri 5 Agritan, and Guri 6 Unand), and one introduced genotype (SBD). Data were collected for several quantitative variables and seventeen morphological characters based on UPOV descriptor. The result showed that wheat growth was restricted in Bogor. Genotype determined plant height, leaf number, ear length, root length, number of spikelet, harvest time, seed weight, number of tillers, and plant biomass. Based on ear length, grain weight, and plant biomass, Guri 3 Agritan had the highest production than the other genotypes. Keywords: diversity, genetic relationship, high temperature, introduced genotype, phylogenetic

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Genetic Assessment of Combining Ability for Seed-Yield and Its Related Traits in Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill]

Legume Research - An International Journal ◽

10.18805/lr-542 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Gbemisola Oluwayemisi Ige ◽

Godfree Chigeza ◽

Subhash Chander ◽

Abebe Tesfaye Abush ◽

David Kolawole Ojo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Seed Yield ◽

Combining Ability ◽

Agronomic Traits ◽

Block Design ◽

Days To Flowering ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design ◽

Glycine Max L ◽

Improvement Programme ◽

Genetic Assessment ◽

Made In

Crosses were made in line × tester mating design between a set of five IITA soybean released varieties and three plant introduced (PI) accessions obtained from World Vegetable Center, Taiwan. In order to produce sufficient seeds, F1 crosses were selfed, subsequently F2 populations along with their parents were planted in a randomized complete block design at two locations in Nigeria with three replications. Agronomic traits viz. days to flowering, days to poding, plant height, number of pods/plant and seed yield/plant were measured. Testers and lines showed significant differences for all the measured traits except days to flowering for testers. Considering the significance and magnitude of general combining ability (GCA) effect, line TGx 1988-5F was observed desirable for earliness, while line TGx 1989-19F was the best combiner for number of pods/plant and seed yield/plant. On the other hand, best tester for seed yield was PI 230970. Crosses TGx 1835-10E × PI 459025B and TGx 1987-62F × PI 459025B had significant and highest SCA effect for seed yield/plant. These two crosses appeared to be most promising for soybean yield improvement programme.

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Morphological and germination response variability in seeds of wild yellow gentian (Gentiana lutea L.) accessions from northwest Spain

Botany ◽

10.1139/b2012-028 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 90 (8) ◽

pp. 731-742 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Félix Pérez-García ◽

Federico Varela ◽

M. Elena González-Benito

Keyword(s):

Seed Germination ◽

Water Content ◽

Germination Rate ◽

Seed Mass ◽

Germination Percentage ◽

Gentiana Lutea ◽

Moist Chilling ◽

Mean Germination Time ◽

Wild Accessions ◽

Seed Water Content

Gentiana lutea L. (yellow gentian, Gentianaceae) is an important medicinal plant under protection as endangered species in most European countries. The aim of this work was to evaluate variation in seed mass, seed water content, and seed germination among 56 wild accessions of G. lutea. The effect of gibberellic acid (GA3), putrescine, moist chilling, and level of ripeness of seeds on subsequent germination was also investigated. Seeds of G. lutea showed physiological dormancy (final germination percentages ranged from 0% to 11%, depending on the accession) and GA3 enhanced seed germination drastically in all the accessions. The highest germination (99%) of GA3-treated seeds was reached at 15 °C. Final germination percentage and germination rate (as expressed by mean germination time), as well as seed mass and seed water content, varied significantly among accessions. In general, 1 year moist chilling did not significantly enhance G. lutea seed germination. For most accessions, no significant differences were found between fully ripe seeds and less ripe seeds for seed water content, seed mass, and seed germination. Applications of GA3 were always most effective than those of putrescine for increasing seed germination.

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EVALUATION OF A SPRAY FORMULATION OF CODLEMONE FOR MATING DISRUPTION OF CODLING MOTH (CYDIA POMONELLA) IN APPLE (MALUS PUMILA MILL.)

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.31.6.916a ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 31 (6) ◽

pp. 916A-916

Author(s):

Robert E. Call ◽

Jack W. Jenkins

Keyword(s):

Mating Disruption ◽

Block Design ◽

Cydia Pomonella ◽

Codling Moth ◽

Malus Pumila ◽

Run Off ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design ◽

Malus Pumila Mill ◽

Spray Formulation ◽

Made In

Mating disruption of codling moth using codlemone pheromoneemitting twist-ties or cards has become a standard practice in many orchards. This study was initiated to determine the effectiveness of NoMate CM EC, a spray formulation of codlemone pheromone. Treatments were applied 20–21 Apr. 1995 to plots measuring 99 × 244 m of 15-year-old `Golden Delicious' apple trees on seedling rootstock. Trees were spaced 3.7 × 5.5 m and treatments were made in a randomized complete block design replicated three times. Whole trees were sprayed to run-off using a handgun. Treatments were 20.2 g a.i. NoMate CM EC/h and a watered sprayed control. Two pheromonebaited, sticky traps were placed in each replicate to monitor codling moth activity. Moth counts were made 3 days after treatment and continued twice weekly for 4 weeks. Results indicated very little moth activity for the first 14 days of the study in plots treated with NoMate CM EC when compared to the control. However, after the first two weeks differences between treatments were not significant.

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Comportamiento del pasto Taiwán (Pennisetum purpureum) fertilizado con efluente de biogas en época de máxima precipitación pluvial

Agronomía Mesoamericana ◽

10.15517/am.v1i0.25341 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 1 ◽

pp. 69

Author(s):

José M. Will ◽

Guillermo Valle A.

Keyword(s):

Block Design ◽

Pennisetum Purpureum ◽

Forage Production ◽

Available N ◽

Plot Size ◽

Average Annual Temperature ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design ◽

Low Levels ◽

Made In ◽

North Latitude

This work was conducted at the Centro Universitario Regional del Litoral Atlántico (CURLA) at 15°47’north latitude and 86°50’ west longitude, 10 km west La Ceiba, Honduras. The ecosystem Is characterized as tropical rain forest having 2700 mm of rainfall per year and an average annual temperature of 27°C with 82% relative humidity. Soils in the region are characterized by having an average soil pH of 4.9, have low levels of available N and P, high levels of Fe and intermediate levels of Mn. A randomized complete block design was employed with 4 replications. Plot size was 2 x 3 m encompassing 3 rows. In each block three rates of biogas effluent were applied at 250,500 and 750 kg N/ha/year. An added check with zero effluent was also included. The grass was cut at the surface of the soil every 56 days and the application of effluent was made in split applications. The results indicate that these treatments increased yield at least 25 % above the check. In the first cuttings there was a tendency to decrease yields although final cuttings demonstrated increased yields. This same response was observed in plant protein, especially in the last cutting where a 48 % increase was obtained. The best treatmentrelative to forage production and protein content was found when 500 kg N/ha/year was applied.

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Testing methods of moisture content, critical moisture content, and germination of jamblang (Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels) seed

Jurnal Penelitian Kehutanan Wallacea ◽

10.18330/jwallacea.2019.vol8iss1pp47-55 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 47

Author(s):

Miraz Nur Indraeni ◽

Faiza Chairani Suwarno ◽

Abdul - Qadir

Keyword(s):

Seed Germination ◽

Moisture Content ◽

Seed Quality ◽

Block Design ◽

Syzygium Cumini ◽

Critical Moisture Content ◽

Testing Method ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design ◽

Final Count ◽

Critical Moisture

Jamblang (Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels) researches are still focused to identify the plant benefits, but that leads to efforts to obtain good seed quality hasn’t been done. This study aims to determine the moisture content testing method, the critical moisture content, and germination testing method (sowing media and first and final count of seed germination). Improving procedure for moisture content testing and identified the best media for germination testing was arranged in a Completely Random Design. Determining jamblang seeds critical moisture content was arranged in a Randomized Complete Block Design. The experiments were repeated four times. Moisture content with slicing method obtained 49.57%. Jamblang seeds critical water content is 41.61% with 50% germination. The best method of germination was sand medium with fresh seeds (90%). The first count of jamblang seed germination occurs on 32 days after sowing and final count on 83 days after sowing.

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Behavior of some Hungarian wheat varieties to seed soaking in gibberellic acid under salt stress

Acta Agraria Debreceniensis ◽

10.34101/actaagrar/72/1575 ◽

2017 ◽

pp. 7-17 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

W. A. E. Abido ◽

László Zsombik

Keyword(s):

Seed Germination ◽

Chemical Analysis ◽

Gibberellic Acid ◽

Salinity Stress ◽

Block Design ◽

Wheat Varieties ◽

Seed Soaking ◽

Germination Characteristics ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design ◽

Four Levels

Various abiotic stresses including high salinity strongly affect seed germination. Three Hungarian wheat landraces Gamási, Fóti and Kartali have been tested for seed germination, seedling growth and chemicals parameters when seeds were soaked in gibberellic acid (GA3) at the concentrations of 0, 75 and 150 ppm and at four levels of salinity stress 0, 5, 10 and 15 dSm-1. A laboratory experiment took place at Research Institute of Nyíregyháza. Factorial Experiment based on Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) in four replications has been conducted. Seed soaking in GA3 before sowing significantly affected germination characteristics, seedling properties and the results of chemical analysis. The highest germination as well as K+ content of seeds were observed at seed soaking into 150 ppm GA3. However, Na+ and proline contents in seedling were decreased. The behavior of the tested Hungarian wheat varieties was genotype-dependent. Increasing salinity stress up to 15 dSm-1 significantly affected germination characteristics, seedlings parameters and chemical analysis. Fóti variety turned out to be the best at 150 ppm GA3 compared to the other two varieties. Moreover, it had the lowest Na+ and proline contents and highest K+ content.

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Edible Film Made of Corn Starch-Carrageenan-Rice Bran: The Characteristic of Formula's Viscosity, Water Content, and Water Vapor Transmission Rate

Industria Jurnal Teknologi dan Manajemen Agroindustri ◽

10.21776/ub.industria.2020.009.03.2 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 173-183

Author(s):

Ratih Dwi Ismawanti ◽

◽

Widya Dwi Rukmi Putri ◽

Erni Sofia Murtini ◽

Heri Purwoto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Content ◽

Rice Bran ◽

Corn Starch ◽

Transmission Rate ◽

Block Design ◽

Edible Film ◽

Starch Concentration ◽

Water Vapour Transmission Rate ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design ◽

Main Components

This research aimed to obtain the best formulation of corn starch, carrageenan, and rice bran as the main components of edible film to improve formula’s viscosity, water content, and Water Vapour Transmission Rate (WVTR). This research was an experimental research using Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD). The first factor was corn starch concentration (1.5%; 2.5%; 3.5%), the second factor was carrageenan concentration (0.67%; 1%; 1.33%), and the third factor was rice bran concentration (0.12%; 0.25%; 0.38%). The analysis of variance showed that the interaction of corn starch, carrageenan, and rice bran has a significant impact on the viscosity, water content, and WVTR value of the edible film. Based on the viscosity, water content, and WVTR value of the edible film, the best formulation was found in the edible film with the corn starch concentration of 2.5%, 1% carrageenan, and 0.25% rice bran. The formula's viscosity value of this edible film was 165.1 ± 5.3 cP, with 14.65 ± 0.05% of water content, and 60.13 ± 0.05 g/m2/h of WVTR value

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Genotype and environment interaction on soybean yield in Mato Grosso State, Brazil

Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira ◽

10.1590/s0100-204x2006000500010 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 41 (5) ◽

pp. 785-791 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

José Francisco Ferraz de Toledo ◽

Cláudio Guilherme Portela de Carvalho ◽

Carlos Alberto Arrabal Arias ◽

Leones Alves de Almeida ◽

Rodrigo Luis Brogin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Block Design ◽

Environment Interaction ◽

Mato Grosso ◽

Soybean Yield ◽

Cultivar Development ◽

Genotype Environment Interaction ◽

Sowing Dates ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design ◽

North And South ◽

Made In

The objective of this work was to investigate the genotype-environment interaction in Mato Grosso State, MT. The relative importance of locations, years, sowing dates and cultivars and their interactions was analyzed from data collected in regional yield trials performed in a randomized complete block design with four replications, from 1994-1995 through 1999-2000, in nine locations and two sowing dates. Individual and pooled analyses of variance over years and locations were performed. Complementary analyses of variances partitioned MT State in two main and five smaller regions, respectively: North and South of Cuiabá; and MT-South-A (Pedra Preta area), MT-South-B (Rondonópolis and Itiquira), MT-East (Primavera do Leste and Campo Verde), MT-Central (Nova Mutum, Lucas do Rio Verde and Sorriso) and MT-Parecis (Campo Novo dos Parecis and Sapezal). Locations are relatively more important than years for yield testing soybeans in the MT State, therefore, investment should be made in increasing locations rather than years to improve experimental precision. Partitioning the MT State into regions has little impact on soybean yield testing results and, consequently, on the efficiency of the soybean breeding program in the State. Breeding genotypes with broad adaptation for the MT State is an efficient strategy for cultivar development.

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Do Wetting Agents Influence Golf Ball Roll Distance?

HortTechnology ◽

10.21273/horttech04576-20 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 30 (3) ◽

pp. 404-410

Author(s):

Travis Wayne Shaddox ◽

Joseph Bryan Unruh

Keyword(s):

Water Content ◽

Cynodon Dactylon ◽

Block Design ◽

Volumetric Water Content ◽

Golf Ball ◽

Putting Greens ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design ◽

Putting Green ◽

Wetting Agents

Wetting agents are commonly applied to golf putting greens to manage soil moisture. Speculation has arisen regarding the influence of wetting agents on golf ball roll distance. The objective of this study was to determine the influence of wetting agents on golf ball roll distance, putting green surface firmness, and volumetric water content in sand-based putting greens. This study was conducted during the 2018 growing season in Jay, FL and Ft. Lauderdale, FL on ‘TifEagle’ hybrid bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon × C. transvaalensis) putting greens. Treatments were applied to plots (2 × 3 m) in a randomized complete block design using four replications, and included seven wetting agents and an untreated turfgrass control. The study area was irrigated at 80% of the previous week’s reference evapotranspiration. Ball roll distance, firmness, and volumetric water content (VWC) were recorded weekly and pooled by month. Wetting agents did not lead to an increase in ball roll distance, firmness, or VWC during any month in Jay or Ft. Lauderdale. Inversely, in Jay, polyoxyalkylene polymer resulted in decreased surface firmness during October and November compared with untreated turfgrass. VWC was reduced as a result of some wetting agents in Ft. Lauderdale in February, September, November, and December, and resulted in no influence on VWC in Jay. The coefficients of determination of surface firmness and ball roll distance in Jay and Ft. Lauderdale were significant (P < 0.001) and were 0.12 and 0.08, respectively. This indicates that ball roll distance can increase as surfaces become firmer. However, this study found no evidence that wetting agents increase ball roll distance on sand-based putting greens.

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