scholarly journals Dissimilarity between Andropogon lateralis ecotypes under different defoliation frequencies and heights

2022 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thiago Barros ◽  
Roberto Luis Weiler ◽  
Juliana Medianeira Machado ◽  
Diógenes Cecchin Silveira ◽  
André Pich Brunes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Native Grasslands ◽  
Superior Genotypes ◽  
Selection For ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Selection Of

ABSTRACT: Andropogon lateralis Nees is a native grass of southern Brazil and is one of the most frequent specie found in native grasslands. The species is widely distributed and has a high degree of phenotypic plasticity, which makes it highly adaptable to different edaphoclimatic conditions and management. This study aimed to evaluate the behavior of twelve ecotypes of A. lateralis, collected in different regions of the state of Rio Grande do Sul and cut to three different heights and subjected to two different defoliation frequencies. From September to February, the ecotypes were evaluated for total dry matter, leaf and stem yields. In addition, total, vegetative and reproductive tillers and plant height were measured. These characteristics are important for the selection of superior genotypes in terms of genetic variability and forage production. Total dry matter and leaf dry matter are characteristics with agronomic importance and they showed the highest correlation (r = 0.77), enabling an indirect selection for one of these characteristics. The natural selection of plants resulted in distinct structural, morphological and productive characteristics with heterogeneity that allows the selection and grouping according to the characteristics, ecotypes with superior agronomic characteristics can be included in breeding programs.

scholarly journals Tolerance to preharvest sprouting and yield of wheat genotypes from different breeding programs

2015 ◽  
Vol 50 (8) ◽  
pp. 698-706
Author(s):  
Rafael Nörnberg ◽  
José Antonio Gonzalez da Silva ◽  
Henrique de Souza Luche ◽  
Elisane Weber Tessmann ◽  
Sydney Antonio Frehner Kavalco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Preharvest Sprouting ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Falling Number ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Wheat Genotypes ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Superior Genotypes ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract:The objective of this work was to characterize the performance of elite wheat genotypes from different Brazilian breeding programs for traits associated with grain yield and preharvest sprouting. The study was conducted in 2010 and 2011 in the municipality of Capão do Leão, in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, in a randomized complete block design with three replicates. Thirty-three wheat genotypes were evaluated for traits related to preharvest sprouting and grain yield. The estimate of genetic distance was used to predict potential combinations for selection of plants with high grain yield and tolerance to preharvest sprouting. The combined analysis of sprouted grains and falling number shows that the TBIO Alvorada, TBIO Mestre, Frontana, Fundacep Raízes, Fundacep Cristalino, and BRS Guamirim genotypes are tolerant to preharvest sprouting. Combinations of TBIO Alvorada and TBIO Mestre with Fundacep Cristalino show high potential for recovering superior genotypes for high grain yield and tolerance to preharvest sprouting.

ESTIMASI NILAI HERITABILITAS BOBOT IKAN MAS VARIETAS PUNTEN DALAM PROGRAM SELEKSI INDIVIDU

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 217
Author(s):  
Estu Nugroho ◽  
Budi Setyono ◽  
Mochammad Su’eb ◽  
Tri Heru Prihadi
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Selection Response ◽  
Base Population ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Body Weight Trait ◽  
Population Selection ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Weight Trait ◽  
Selection Of

Program pemuliaan ikan mas varietas Punten dilakukan dengan seleksi individu terhadap karakter bobot ikan. Pembentukan populasi dasar untuk kegiatan seleksi dilakukan dengan memijahkan secara massal induk ikan mas yang terdiri atas 20 induk betina dan 21 induk jantan yang dikoleksi dari daerah Punten, Kepanjen (delapan betina dan enam jantan), Kediri (tujuh betina dan 12 jantan), Sragen (27 betina dan 10 jantan), dan Blitar (15 betina dan 11 jantan). Larva umur 10 hari dipelihara selama empat bulan. Selanjutnya dilakukan penjarangan sebesar 50% dan benih dipelihara selama 14 bulan untuk dilakukan seleksi dengan panduan hasil sampling 250 ekor individu setiap populasi. Seleksi terhadap calon induk dilakukan saat umur 18 bulan pada populasi jantan dan betina secara terpisah dengan memilih berdasarkan 10% bobot ikan yang terbaik. Calon induk yang terseleksi kemudian dipelihara hingga matang gonad, kemudian dipilih sebanyak 150 pasang dan dipijahkan secara massal. Didapatkan respons positif dari hasil seleksi berdasarkan bobot ikan, yaitu 49,89 g atau 3,66% (populasi ikan jantan) dan 168,47 g atau 11,43% (populasi ikan betina). Nilai heritabilitas untuk bobot ikan adalah 0,238 (jantan) dan 0,505 (betina).Punten carp breeding programs were carried out by individual selection for body weight trait. The base population for selection activities were conducted by mass breeding of parent consisted of 20 female and 21 male collected from area Punten, eight female and six male (Kepanjen), seven female and 12 male (Kediri), 27 female and 10 male (Sragen), 15 female and 11 male (Blitar). Larvae 10 days old reared for four moths. Then after spacing out 50% of total harvest, the offspring reared for 14 months for selection activity based on the sampling of 250 individual each population. Selection of broodstock candidates performed since 18 months age on male and female populations separately by selecting based on 10% of fish with best body weight. Candidates selected broodstocks were then maintained until mature. In oder to produce the next generation 150 pairs were sets and held for mass spawning. The results revealed that selection response were positive, 49.89 g (3.66%) for male and 168.47 (11.43%) for female. Heritability for body weight is 0.238 (male) and 0.505 (female).

scholarly journals Identification of the Optimum Environments for the High Yield and Quality Traits of Lentil Genotypes Evaluated in Multi-Location Trials

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 8247
Author(s):  
Dimitrios N. Vlachostergios ◽  
Christos Noulas ◽  
Anastasia Kargiotidou ◽  
Dimitrios Baxevanos ◽  
Evangelia Tigka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Food And Feed ◽  
Superior Genotypes ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
The Ideal

Lentil is a versatile and profitable pulse crop with high nutritional food and feed values. The objectives of the study were to determine suitable locations for high yield and quality in terms of production and/or breeding, and to identify promising genotypes. For this reason, five lentil genotypes were evaluated in a multi-location network consisting of ten diverse sites for two consecutive growing seasons, for seed yield (SY), other agronomic traits, crude protein (CP), cooking time (CT) and crude protein yield (CPY). A significant diversification and specialization of the locations was identified with regards to SY, CP, CT and CPY. Different locations showed optimal values for each trait. Locations E4 and E3, followed by E10, were “ideal” for SY; locations E1, E3 and E7 were ideal for high CP; and the “ideal” locations for CT were E3 and E5, followed by E2. Therefore, the scope of the cultivation determined the optimum locations for lentil cultivation. The GGE-biplot analysis revealed different discriminating abilities and representativeness among the locations for the identification of the most productive and stable genotypes. Location E3 (Orestiada, Region of Thrace) was recognized as being optimal for lentil breeding, as it was the “ideal” or close to “ideal” for the selection of superior genotypes for SY, CP, CT and CPY. Adaptable genotypes (cv. Dimitra, Samos) showed a high SY along with excellent values for CP, CT and CPY, and are suggested either for cultivation in many regions or to be exploited in breeding programs.

scholarly journals Amphibians of the Sinos River Basin, southern Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 435-449
Author(s):  
Camila F. Moser ◽  
Renata K. Farina ◽  
Márcio Borges-Martins ◽  
Iberê F. Machado ◽  
Patrick Colombo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
High Probability ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Amphibian Species ◽  
Relevant Role ◽  
Scientific Collections ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Collection Point

The Sinos River encompasses a wide area of natural habitats and, at the same time, supports one of the highest population densities of southern Brazil. Consequently, natural habitats along the Basin present a high degree of habitat disturbance. Despite of the existence of threatened species, information about diversity of amphibians in that area is scarce. Thus, we aimed to catalogue the amphibian species of the Sinos River Basin from records in scientific collections and compilation of published articles. We recorded 52 species, all with geographic coordinates validated at the collection point, indicating that the Sinos River Basin harbours about 50% of the amphibian species of the State of Rio Grande do Sul. Three anuran species were classified as having some degree of threat: Melanophryniscus cambaraensis, Melanophryniscus dorsalis and Thoropa saxatilis. We also expected other 18 species with a high probability of occurrence in the Basin. This work shows that, despite the intense human impact, the Sinos River Basin has a relevant role for the maintenance of a considerable fraction of the amphibian biodiversity in southern Brazil.

scholarly journals Selection of Tomato and Cucumber Accessions for Waterlogging Sensitivity through Morpho-Physiological Assessment at an Early Vegetative Stage

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1490
Author(s):  
Anna Kołton ◽  
Kinga Kęska ◽  
Małgorzata Czernicka
Keyword(s):  
Root Zone ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Vegetative Stage ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Waterlogging Stress ◽  
Test Parameters ◽  
Physiological Assessment ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Selection Of

Waterlogging anomalies have recently increased, causing a reduction in yield and the loss of billions of dollars. Plant selection for increased tolerance to stress factors requires parameters with high sensitivity, as well as fast and inexpensive measurements. The aim of this study was to select tomato and cucumber accessions that reveal sensitivity and tolerance to waterlogging stress at an early vegetative stage. The selection of effective criteria for assessing plants was also an important issue. A total of 19 cucumber (including four highly homozygous) and 16 tomato accessions were evaluated, and plants with three true leaves were examined. The root zone of stressed plants was waterlogged for 7 days in a deep container. Morphological and physiological characteristics were obtained after 7 days of treatment and used for cluster analysis for discrimination of tolerant and sensitive accessions. Significant decreases in Fv/F0, Fv/Fm, Area, PI ABS, ET0/ABS, and ET0/TR0 parameters, as well as increases in DI0/RC, were observed in sensitive accessions, with no changes in tolerant plants. The OJIP test parameters (Fv/F0, PI ABS, DI0/RC, and Area) were more sensitive in selecting for waterlogging stress than Fv/Fm. The present research can be used in breeding programs. Selected accessions will support a detailed explanation of the physiological differences in response to waterlogging stress in tomato and cucumber plants.

scholarly journals Estimativas de parâmetros genéticos, correlações e índices de seleção para seis caracteres agronômicos em linhagens F8 de soja

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wallace De Sousa Leite ◽  
Bruno Ettore Pavan ◽  
Carlos Humberto Aires Matos Filho ◽  
Francisco De Alcantara Neto ◽  
Cleidismar Barbosa de Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Phenotypic Selection ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
High Heritability ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Prospect Of Success ◽  
Selection Of

This study aimed to estimate genetic and phenotypic parameters and provide knowledge for breeding programs aiming at the selection of the main characters of assessment in soybeans. The experiment was installed in Sabia farm, located at ‘Serra das Laranjeiras” , in the municipality of Currais, Piaui, Brazil, during the 2011/2012 crop year using a randomized block design with 27 genotypes and three repetitions. The evaluated variables were: height at flowering (APF), height at maturity (APM), pod insertion height (AIV), grain yield (PG), number of nodes (NN) and number of pods (NV). The obtained heritability coefficients were from medium to high, for all evaluated characters, ranging from 0.53 to 0.94, for grain yield and plant height at flowering, respectively. These high heritability were confirmed by the high degree of genetic variation and the CVg/CVe ratio, indicating a high prospect of success for the phenotypic selection. The higher positive genetic correlations and the significant (P <0.01) were observed between grain yield and the variables number of nodes (0.807**) and number of pods (0.781**), indicating that the selection of plants with higher number of nodes and pods could result in more productive plants. The Williams-based index presented the highest percentage of gain with the selection offor the grain yield (21.84%) variable.

scholarly journals Phenotypic multicarter selection approach to predict genetics applied in the segregating generations F2, F3 and F4 of common black beans

Plant Omics ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 25-30
Author(s):  
Ivan Ricardo Carvalho ◽  
Vinícius Jardel Szareski ◽  
Gustavo Henrique Demari ◽  
Maurício Horbach Barbosa ◽  
Franciene Lautenchleger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
The Other ◽  
Black Beans ◽  
Black Bean ◽  
Selection Approach ◽  
Superior Genotypes ◽  
Simultaneous Selection ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Selection Of

The objective of this work was to apply the phenotypic multicarter selection and predictive genetic for the attributes of the yield of common black bean seeds in the segregating generations F2, F3 and F4.The experimental design was augmented blocks, where the BRS Esplendor (BE), BRS Supremo (BS) and IPR Tiziu (IT) genotypes were used as controls arranged in four replicates, the other treatments were organized in a unique way in the experiment, the F2 segregating generation being represented by 36 common black bean populations, F3 segregating generation composed of 72 families and the F4 segregating generation formed by 44 families. The multicarter phenotypic index provided the simultaneous selection for the number and mass of seeds per plant, independent of the segregating generation of common black bean.Multicarter genetic variation is superior for the F3 segregating generation, with pronounced environmental effects on the F4 generation.The F4 segregating families express superiority to the genetic gain and magnitude of superior genotypes in relation to the commercial controls, where high genetic increase is exposed between the F3 to F4selection.The use of the phenotypic index expresses applicability to the selection of common black bean genotypes to increase seed yield.

scholarly journals In-House Forecasting of Crop Latitude Adaptation through a Daylength-sensing-based Environment Adaptation Simulator (DEAS)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leilei Qiu ◽  
Qinqin Wu ◽  
Xiaoying Wang ◽  
Gui Zhuang ◽  
Jiupan Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Global Climate ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Screening Method ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Transcriptional Dynamics ◽  
Crop Varieties ◽  
Environment Adaptation ◽  
Selection For ◽  
New Crop ◽  
Selection Of

ABSTRACTGlobal climate change necessitates the accelerated breeding of new crop varieties that can sustain yields in new environments. As a proxy for environmental adaptation, the selection of crops that can adapt to different latitudes is an appealing strategy. However, such selection currently involves a lengthy procedure that severely restricts the rapid breeding of varieties. Here, we aimed to combine molecular technologies with an in-house streamlined screening method to facilitate rapid selection for latitude adaptation. We established the Daylength-sensing-based Environment Adaptation Simulator (DEAS) to measure crop latitude adaptation via the transcriptional dynamics of florigen genes at different latitudes. We used different statistical approaches to demonstrate that DEAS predicts the florigen expression profiles in rice with high accuracy. Furthermore, we demonstrated the potential for application of DEAS in different crops. Incorporating DEAS into the breeding programs of conventional and underutilized crops could help meet the future needs for crop adaptation and promote sustainable agriculture.

scholarly journals CROSS-RESISTANCE OF RICE FLATSEDGE TO ALS-INHIBITING HERBICIDES

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
D.M. CHIAPINOTTO ◽  
C.E. SCHAEDLER ◽  
J.P.S. FERNANDES ◽  
A. ANDRES ◽  
F.P. LAMEGO
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Control ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Acetolactate Synthase ◽  
Cross Resistance ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Irrigated Rice ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Dose Experiment ◽  
Selection Of

ABSTRACT Cyperus iria (CYPIR) is one of the main weeds in irrigated rice crops. The intense chemical control with acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibiting herbicides favors the selection of cross-resistance. This study aimed to evaluate the crossresistance of CYPIR to ALS-inhibiting herbicides in irrigated rice in Rio Grande do Sul. Two experiments arranged in a factorial scheme, in a completely randomized design, with four replications were conducted. Experiment I consisted of resistant (CYPIR-R) and susceptible (CYPIR-S) biotypes and ALS-inhibiting herbicide doses: imazethapyr (106 g a.i. ha-1); pyrazosulfuron-ethyl (20 g a.i. ha-1); penoxsulam (36 g a.i. ha-1) and, as an alternative herbicide, bentazone (960 g a.i. ha-1); corresponding to 0; 1/16; 1/8; 1/4; 1/2; 1; 2; 4; 8 and 16x (x = maximum registered dose). Experiment II followed the same procedures, with doses of 0; 1/64; 1/32; 1/16; 1/8; 1/4; 1/2; 1 and 2x for CYPIR-S and 0; 1/2; 1; 2; 4; 8; 16; 32; 64 and 128x for CYPIR-R; including bispyribac-sodium (50 g a.i. ha-1). The variables evaluated were: visual control at 7, 14, 21 and 28 days after the treatments (DAT) and shoot dry matter (SDM) at 28 DAT. The results, fitted by nonlinear regression, show varied and high levels of cross-resistance of CYPIR-R to ALS-inhibiting herbicides from the group of imidazolinones, sulfonylureas, triazolopyrimidines and pyrimidinyl(thio)benzoates. Bentazone can be used as an alternative herbicide, however, not exclusively in the control of this biotype.

scholarly journals Phenotypical, phytochemical and molecular characterization of "capim-carona" [Elionurus muticus (Spreng.) Kuntze] populations

2010 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 261-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.N. Füller ◽  
C. Tessele ◽  
I.B.I. Barros ◽  
J.F. Barbosa Neto
Keyword(s):  
Rapd Analysis ◽  
Geographic Origin ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
Economic Potential ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Compound Concentration

Elionurus muticus naturally occurs in southern Brazil and its economic potential is due to the presence of essential oils. There are few studies about this genus. Thus, the aim of the present study was to characterize native E. muticus populations. The study was performed with five "capim-carona" populations collected in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, totaling 50 plants grown in pots in the Agronomy School. All five E. muticus populations presented variability for phenotypic traits and phenolic compound concentration. The presence of citral was identified in all populations, except in that from the "Morro da Polícia" region. RAPD analysis showed high variability for these populations, allowing the separation of individuals into five groups according to their geographic origin. The highest variability occurred within each population. Based on the results, the populations from São Borja and Agronomy School can be recommended to be used in breeding programs.

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