Eurytrema coelomaticum infection: correlation between parasite burden and impairment of pancreatic exocrine enzyme secretion

ABSTRACT: Eurytrema coelomaticum is a trematode reported in the pancreatic ducts of ruminants. It is conjectured that may cause disorders in the pancreas, as well as digestive and metabolic processes dependent on them. This study, determined if there is an impairment of exocrine pancreatic function, and correlated it with parasite burden. Pancreas, blood, and fecal samples were collected from 119 bovines at a abattoir. Stool samples were subjected to the gelatin and x-ray film digestion tests (to detect the presence of trypsin in feces). Using blood samples, the following biochemical tests were performed: amylase, lipase, glucose, fructosamine, cholesterol, triglycerides, total protein, albumin, and globulins. Analyses were correlated with pancreatic parasite burden. Cattle with a high parasitic load presented higher incidence of negative tests in both gelatin digestion and x-ray film digestion tests (P < 0.001) when compared to non-parasitized animals and those with a low parasitic load. Changes in those tests only occurred if the parasitemia was moderate or severe. The activity of the amylase and lipase enzymes was significantly higher in animals with low parasitemia (P < 0.05), compared to non-parasitized animals and with a high parasitic burden. In this study, in cases of high parasitemia, negative results were observed in both gelatin and x-ray film in the feces digestion tests. However, the low infection of E. coelomaticum, higher levels of serum amylase and lipase that also indicated loss of pancreatic exocrine functions were reported.

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Determination of parasitic burden in the brain tissue of infected mice in acute toxoplasmosis after treatment by fluconazole combined with sulfadiazine and pyrimethamine

European Journal of Medical Research ◽

10.1186/s40001-021-00537-3 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Sekandarpour Sina ◽

Jafari Modrek Mohammad ◽

Shafiei Reza ◽

Mohammadiha Anita ◽

Etemadi Soudabeh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Survival Rate ◽

Toxoplasma Gondii ◽

Combined Treatment ◽

Parasite Burden ◽

Positive Effects ◽

Parasitic Burden ◽

Parasitic Load ◽

Acute Toxoplasmosis ◽

The Brain ◽

Different Doses

Abstract Background/aims One of the opportunistic pathogens which cause serious problems in the human immune system is Toxoplasma gondii, with toxoplasma encephalitis (TE) seen in patients affected by it. The treatment of these patients is limited, and if not treated on time, death will be possible. Methods In this study, the effects of the treatment with different doses of fluconazole (FLZ) in combination with the current treatment of acute toxoplasmosis on reducing the mortality rate and the parasitic load in the murine model in vivo were studied. The mice were treated with different doses of fluconazole alone, sulfadiazine, and pyrimethamine plus fluconazole. A day after the end of the treatment and 1 day before death, the mice’s brains were collected, and after DNA extraction and molecular tests, the parasite burden was detected. Results This study showed that a 10-day treatment with 20 mg/kg of fluconazole combined with sulfadiazine and pyrimethamine 1.40 mg/kg per day affected acute toxoplasmosis and reduced the parasitic load significantly in brain tissues and also increased the survival rate of all mice in this group until the last day of the study, in contrast to other treatment groups. These results also indicate the positive effects of combined therapy on Toxoplasma gondii and the prevention of relapse. Conclusions Reducing the parasitic burden and increasing the survival rate were more effective against acute toxoplasmosis in the combined treatment of different doses of fluconazole with current treatments than current treatments without fluconazole. In other words, combination therapy with fluconazole plus pyrimethamine reduced the parasitic burden in the brain significantly, so it could be a replacement therapy in patients with intolerance sulfadiazine.

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Genomic Variation in IbA10G2 and Other Patient-Derived Cryptosporidium hominis Subtypes

Journal of Clinical Microbiology ◽

10.1128/jcm.01798-16 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 55 (3) ◽

pp. 844-858 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Per Sikora ◽

Sofia Andersson ◽

Jadwiga Winiecka-Krusnell ◽

Björn Hallström ◽

Cecilia Alsmark ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Parasite Burden ◽

Genomic Variation ◽

Loss Of Function ◽

Oocyst Wall ◽

Gene Encoding ◽

Cryptosporidium Hominis ◽

Content Type ◽

Successful Isolation ◽

Target Dna ◽

Stool Samples

ABSTRACTIn order to improve genotyping and epidemiological analysis ofCryptosporidiumspp., genomic data need to be generated directly from a broad range of clinical specimens. Utilizing a robust method that we developed for the purification and generation of amplified target DNA, we present its application for the successful isolation and whole-genome sequencing of 14 differentCryptosporidium hominispatient specimens. Six isolates of subtype IbA10G2 were analyzed together with a single representative each of 8 other subtypes: IaA20R3, IaA23R3, IbA9G3, IbA13G3, IdA14, IeA11G3T3, IfA12G1, and IkA18G1. Parasite burden was measured over a range of more than 2 orders of magnitude for all samples, while the genomes were sequenced to mean depths of between 17× and 490× coverage. Sequence homology-based functional annotation identified several genes of interest, including the gene encodingCryptosporidiumoocyst wall protein 9 (COWP9), which presented a predicted loss-of-function mutation in all the sequence subtypes, except for that seen with IbA10G2, which has a sequence identical to theCryptosporidium parvumreference Iowa II sequence. Furthermore, phylogenetic analysis showed that all the IbA10G2 genomes form a monophyletic clade in theC. hoministree as expected and yet display some heterogeneity within the IbA10G2 subtype. The current report validates the aforementioned method for isolating and sequencingCryptosporidiumdirectly from clinical stool samples. In addition, the analysis demonstrates the potential in mining data generated from sequencing multiple whole genomes ofCryptosporidiumfrom human fecal samples, while alluding to the potential for a higher degree of genotyping withinCryptosporidiumepidemiology.

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X-ray action on bacteria

Kazan medical journal ◽

10.17816/kazmj76329 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 20 (2) ◽

pp. 216-216

Author(s):

L. Podlyashuk

Keyword(s):

Bactericidal Activity ◽

X Rays ◽

X Ray ◽

Negative Results ◽

Experimental Works

The question of the bactericidal activity of x-rays, despite a number of experimental works in this area, has not yet been clarified: while the first authors working in this direction came to negative results, some of the later found that the well-known bactericidal act.

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Detection of LytA Genes in Streptococcus pneumoniae Isolated from sputum pneumonia patients

Biomedika ◽

10.31001/biomedika.v13i1.718 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 23-30

Author(s):

Mustika Sari Hutabarat ◽

Firdaus Hamid ◽

Irawaty Djaharuddin ◽

Alfian Zainuddin ◽

Rossana Agus ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽

False Negative ◽

Pneumococcal Infection ◽

Diagnostic Methods ◽

Molecular Diagnostic ◽

Clinical Samples ◽

Biochemical Tests ◽

Negative Results ◽

False Negative Results ◽

Polymerase Chain

Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) is a Gram-positive facultative anaerobic bacterium that is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. But the lack of reporting of disease by this bacterium in Indonesia, one of the causes is because the diagnosis of pneumococcal infection is often clinically not typical and conventional methods which are still the standard gold method often give false-negative results. So the purpose of this study was to evaluate the performance of culture and molecular diagnostic methods using the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) technique in detecting Streptococcus pneumoniae in sputum clinical samples using the Autolysin (LytA) gene which is a virulence factor of this bacterium. 57 isolates from 60 samples were confirmed as Streptococcus sp through microscopic identification, culture, and biochemical tests. Then the sensitivity test with an optochin test of 9 (9%) compared the results descriptively with the PCR technique using the Autolysin A (LytA) gene which was obtained more sensitive by 15 (25%).

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Experiences on production - usage reasoned malfunctions & development of X-ray tubes used in science and their effects on sediment measurements

10.5194/egusphere-egu21-13341 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Dursun Acar ◽

Namık Çagatay ◽

Ş. Can Genç ◽

K. Kadir Eriş ◽

Demet Biltekin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Low Voltage ◽

Measurement Data ◽

Electric Circuit ◽

Sample Surface ◽

Open Circuit ◽

Silicone Grease ◽

X Ray ◽

Negative Results ◽

Contact Points ◽

Measured Sample

<p>Surface fractures at the filament of X-ray tube increase more with metal fatique or wrong cooling&#160; and heating processes. Fractured filament continue to work as repeating open circuit positions in random times with&#160; turning fully conductive state in short time. We are explaining how open circuit flashes at the filament providing wrong measurement results. Their low voltage electric circuit conductive problems&#160; repeat in milliseconds periods. At&#160; the results, it gives the impression of healthy measurement values. Because that the measured sample absorbs photonic energy and direct it to neighbouring elements in continuous element&#160; electron scattering&#160; circulations , by the way that delayed secondary electron energy scatters hide all electron supply extinctions on the semi broken flament wire and indirect counts&#160; continue by the detector from coming reflection energy. ( real counts are not from exact beam&#160; target of sample surface during energy deprivations , and it is impossible to understand that the measurement is inaccurate because it causes similarity as discrete element counts in sedimentation layers ).&#160; Filament voltage arcs do not warn machine with error reporting systems until to whole ruptured filament touch to anode walls or their far displaced edges of 2 broken filament positioning. Erroneous records take their place in the world of science if the lithology was not followed. We collected faulty measurement data from our experiences for indicate when and&#160; how possible to facing such as events.</p><p>For eliminate&#160; explained reasons at above , the tubes must be gently heated and&#160; cooled. Excessive cooling or heating of the tubes or oxid placement and leakeage&#160; at gasget contacts reduces the surface contact areas of the insilators with the corrosion by &#160;condensing water around the rubber insulation gasgets , it causes cooling liquid leakage or increasing humidity at the tube housing block via following serial failures of HV unit such as increasing amounts of the broken tube events. During the replacement of insulating gasgets, enough care should be taken for gasket contact points as oiling&#160; them with&#160; silicone grease as a form of the thin film. High responsibility must be with continuous&#160; result control&#160; and reference correlations on the scientific sample. With this way we can eliminate possible&#160; negative results by malfunctions on measurements.</p>

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Seminoma, Sertolioma, and Leydigoma in Dogs: Clinical and Morphological Correlations

Bulletin of the Veterinary Institute in Pulawy ◽

10.2478/v10213-012-0063-8 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 56 (3) ◽

pp. 361-367 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Rafał Ciaputa ◽

Marcin Nowak ◽

Maciej Kiełbowicz ◽

Agnieszka Antończyk ◽

Karolina Błasiak ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Differential Diagnosis ◽

Clinical Diagnosis ◽

Sertoli Cells ◽

Leydig Cells ◽

Histopathological Diagnosis ◽

Biochemical Tests ◽

Ki 67 ◽

X Ray ◽

Testicular Tumours ◽

Ray Patterns

Abstract The study aimed at presenting the most frequent male gonadal tumours in dogs, their clinical and histopathological aspects, at outlining aetiopathogenesis and differential diagnosis of the tumours. As examples of the most frequently manifested testicular tumours, three clinical cases were presented, involving tumour of interstitial (Leydig) cells, tumour of Sertoli cells, and seminoma. Respective clinical diagnosis employed USG, X-ray patterns, and morphological and biochemical tests. The surgically sampled material was stained with H+E and an attempt was made to establish expression of E-cadherin, calretinin, and Ki-67. It was shown that histopathological diagnosis of testicular tumours in dogs is frequently very difficult and complex and requires multidirectional studies.

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Modelling the effect of nematode parasites on the liveweight gain of lambs grazing alternately with cattle

Proceedings of the New Zealand Grassland Association ◽

10.33584/jnzg.2007.69.2671 ◽

2007 ◽

pp. 259-264

Author(s):

K. Louie ◽

C.J. Boom ◽

R.A. Dynes ◽

A.D. Mackay

Keyword(s):

Dynamic Model ◽

Parasite Burden ◽

Adult Parasite ◽

Rotational Grazing ◽

Nematode Parasites ◽

Substantial Benefit ◽

Pasture Contamination ◽

Parasitic Burden

A dynamic model for nematode parasites in lambs which links their adult parasite burden with liveweight gain was extended to investigate alternate grazing with cattle to provide relatively larval-free pasture for finishing lambs. Liveweight performance of weaned lambs was tracked fortnightly under rotational grazing using three cattle:sheep ratios, with three initial parasite burdens and two initial infective larval densities on pasture. Lambs were removed from grazing at 37 kg or if they failed to gain weight during the preceding fortnight. An 80%:20% cattle:sheep ratio reduced larval pasture contamination by 75% but did not affect parasitic burden and total lamb liveweight gain compared with an all-lamb treatment. For low and moderate initial parasitic burdens in the 80%:20% cattle:sheep ratio, 25% of lambs reached 37 kg and 100% gained weight until week 18. This simulation indicated that in organic lamb finishing systems, alternate grazing with cattle provides substantial benefit but only when the initial parasite burden was low or moderate. Keywords: modelling, parasites, liveweight gain, alternate grazing

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A Candidate for the Recovered Nova of 1938 in the Globular Cluster M 14

Symposium - International Astronomical Union ◽

10.1017/s0074180900043199 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 126 ◽

pp. 585-586

Author(s):

Michael M. Shara ◽

Michael Potter ◽

Anthony F. J. Moffat ◽

Helen Sawyer Hogg ◽

Amelia Wehlau

Keyword(s):

Globular Cluster ◽

Globular Clusters ◽

Dynamical Evolution ◽

Close Binaries ◽

Dwarf Novae ◽

X Ray ◽

Negative Results ◽

Classical Nova ◽

M 14

Although close binaries are believed to be of importance in the dynamical evolution of globular clusters, searches for such binaries have produced mostly negative results, aside from x-ray sources. Two dwarf novae which are possible cluster members are known (Margon and Downes 1983) and two classical nova candidates have been found. The crowded field around the nova observed in 1860 close to the center of M80 makes ground-based recovery of that star impossible with present techniques. Here we report on our attempt to recover the star which erupted in 1938 about 30″ (0.8 core radii) from the center of M14.

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Extensive study on electrocution at the Bureau of Legal Medicine of Milan (1993–2017): Determination of the current mark with scanning electron microscope/energy-dispersive X-ray analysis on paraffin-embedded samples

Medico-Legal Journal ◽

10.1177/0025817219833328 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 87 (2) ◽

pp. 67-73 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Michele Boracchi ◽

Graziano Domenico Luigi Crudele ◽

Guendalina Gentile ◽

Francesca Maciocco ◽

Francesca Maghin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscope ◽

Scanning Electron Microscope ◽

High Voltage ◽

Low Voltage ◽

Extensive Study ◽

Energy Dispersive ◽

Legal Medicine ◽

X Ray ◽

Negative Results ◽

Scanning Electron

Literature on electrocution in Italy is limited. The authors have focused their attention on the use of scanning electron microscope/energy-dispersive X-ray analysis in order to evaluate the current mark even on paraffin-embedded samples. A total of 24,104 autopsies were performed at the Section of Legal Medicine of Milan (1993–2017); all cases of death caused by electrocution (low and high voltage) were selected. We assessed a regular histological examination, a toxicological examination and detected metallisation with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis on paraffin-embedded tissues of typical current marks. We collected 27 high-voltage fatalities and five cases of low-voltage suicide electrocution; the technique revealed itself as sensitive. In all cases, microscopic examination highlighted the typical signs of electric current and thermal damage but the histochemical specific stainings for copper and iron gave negative results. Scanning electron microscope/energy-dispersive X-ray analysis, assessed on these same samples, even when paraffin-embedded, however, enabled us to detect these elements and differentiate between the various metal residues involved in the electrocution process. Based on their experience, authors advise the use of scanning electron microscope/energy-dispersive X-ray analysis on electrocution deaths to provide information for forensic diagnosis.

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Norwalk-like Viruses Associated With A Gastroenteritis Outbreak Following Oyster Consumption

Journal of Food Protection ◽

10.4315/0362-028x-56.7.604 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 56 (7) ◽

pp. 604-607 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

RODERIC D. PONTEFRACT ◽

F. R. BISHAI ◽

J. HOCKEN ◽

G. BERGERON ◽

R. PARENT

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Immunoelectron Microscopy ◽

Solid Phase ◽

Fecal Coliforms ◽

Gastroenteritis Outbreak ◽

Fecal Indicators ◽

Negative Results ◽

Thunder Bay ◽

Stool Samples ◽

Low Levels

In late October 1991, an outbreak of gastroenteritis, following the consumption of raw oysters involving more than 200 people, was reported in five locations in Quebec, Canada. Bacteriological analysis of the oysters involved indicated low levels of fecal coliforms, but direct electron microscopy of stool samples obtained from two people involved in the outbreak revealed that both contained 27–34 nm, small, round Norwalk-like viruses. Immunoelectron microscopy, using acute sera obtained from these individuals and convalescent serum from another person related to the outbreak, revealed antibody coatings on these Norwalk-like viruses with all three sera. Solid-phase immunoelectron microscopy demonstrated that these viruses were also antigenically similar or related to a Norwalk-like virus isolated as the cause of a gastroenteritis outbreak in a home for the aged between December 1988 and January 1989 in Thunder Bay, Ontario. From these findings and the symptoms of the illness, the Norwalk-like virus was considered as the causal agent of the outbreak due to the consumption of contaminated oysters. How the oysters became contaminated was not determined. Oysters harvested from the areas initially thought to have been the origin of the implicated shellfish were tested for the presence of viral fecal indicators using tissue culture and electron microscopy with negative results. It is most likely that the implicated lot also contained oysters harvested from another area, also open, but which was downstream from an identified source of human fecal contamination.

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