scholarly journals Sexist stereotypes and biases associated with the female nursing model in advertising communication

2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 530-537 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel-Ángel Calvo-Calvo

In the media, gender stereotypes and biases appear that transmit a sexist representation of women. The aim of this study was to know the sexist stereotypes and biases that are projected on female nurses in advertising campaigns and to identify the characteristics of the female nurse model shown in advertising. A qualitative study was performed on four campaigns featuring female nurses in white dresses and caps, using descriptive and inferential content analysis. Conclusions show that female nurses appearing in advertising transmit both sexist stereotypes (female profession, gentleness, lack of control, strong affectivity, frivolousness, passivity, submissiveness, commitment to basic care, merely sexual and aesthetic value) and sexist biases (androcentrism and double standards). In particular, advertising propagates the model of the seductive nurse, depicted as a young, attractive, sensual and defiant woman that is used merely as a decorative presence.

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 207
Author(s):  
Valgerður Jóhannsdóttir ◽  
Þorgerður Einarsdóttir

The news media are the most influential sources of information, ideas and opinion for most people around the world. Who appears in the news and who is left out, what is covered and what is not and how people and events are portrayed matter. Research has consistently shown that women are underrepresented in the news and that gender stereotypes are reinforced in and through the media. The 1995 Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action recognised the relationship between women and media as a major area of concern in achieving gender equality in contemporary societies. This article presents Nordic findings from the 2015 Global Media Monitoring Project (GMMP), which is the largest and longest-running study on gender in the world’s media. The findings show that women account for only 1 in 5 of the people interviewed or reported on by Icelandic news media and that women’s overall presence in the news has declined compared to the last GMMP study in 2010. The proportion of women as news subjects is also considerably lower than in other Nordic countries. We argue that the number of women who are journalists, managers in the media industry and decision makers in society has increased, but this shift has not automatically changed the representation of women in the news, either in numbers or in their portrayal. This discrepancy indicates that the relationship between gender and the news media is complicated and needs to be approached from different perspectives.


2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 128
Author(s):  
Lassané Yaméogo

FR. S’appuyant sur une enquête qualitative menée dans les médias à capitaux publics au Burkina Faso en 2019, cet article analyse les interrelations entre genre et technologie, et conforte le postulat que les métiers techniques sont construits ou représentés autour d’une organisation sociale sexuée. D’une part, les rapports entre les journalistes et les techniciens des deux sexes sont disputés et construits autour des notions de « centre » représenté par les journalistes, vus comme l’instance la plus importante et de « périphérie » incarnée par les techniciens, considérés comme des ouvriers ou des agents de soutien des journalistes. Ces rivalités de reconnaissance sociale et professionnelle entre les deux groupes professionnels s’accentuent davantage quand les journalistes s’autoproclament techniciens, affirmant être désormais capables d’exercer les métiers techniques grâce aux facilités que leur offre le numérique. D’autre part, des stéréotypes liés au sexe caractérisent les relations professionnelles, participant à une sous-représentation des femmes techniciennes ou à une masculinisation du métier. La recherche montre, en outre, que le travail de la technicienne est sous-valorisé au sein du microcosme professionnel ou du champ médiatique et hyper valorisé par la société extra-journalistique. Dans l’imaginaire du monde intra-médiatique qui est aussi celui des techniciens, la capacité de la femme à exercer des métiers techniques est relativisée ou réfutée. Mais, lorsque les femmes s’illustrent par le travail, la combattivité, l’affirmation de soi, elles sont représentées par les hommes comme des « hommes » donnant à voir une forme d’égalisation des rapports professionnels entre les techniciens et les techniciennes. L’article révèle, par ailleurs, des formes de résistances, de la part des femmes techniciennes, à cette dévalorisation professionnelle. A contrario, les encouragements et les félicitations qu’elles reçoivent du monde non-journalistique représentent pour elles des sources d’inspiration, d’affirmation de soi et d’engagement plus prononcé dans le métier. Enfin, l’article montre que, dans les métiers techniques, le progrès technologique est source de rupture générationnelle féminine.    ***   EN. This paper analyzes the interrelationships between gender and technology (based on qualitative research of public-funded media in Burkina Faso in 2019) and confirms that the constitution and representation of technical professions are rooted in a gender-based social organization. On the one hand, the relationship between journalists and technicians of both sexes are defined and built around the notions of a “center” represented by journalists (considered the most important aspect of the media structure), and a “periphery” incarnated by technicians (considered supporting agents of journalists). The rivalry for social and professional recognition between the two groups escalates when journalists proclaim themselves technicians, claiming to be able to exercise technical professions thanks to the ease offered by digital technology. On the other hand, gender stereotypes characterize professional relationships, contributing to an under-representation of women technicians and to a masculinization of the profession. The research shows, moreover, that the work of the female technician is undervalued within the professional microcosm and in the media field and overvalued by extra-journalistic society. In the imaginary of the realm of intra-media, which is also that of technicians, women's ability to exercise technical professions is relativized or denied. But, when women distinguish themselves through work, combativeness or assertiveness, they are represented by men as “men” as a way of equalizing professional relationships between male technicians and female technicians. This paper also reveals forms of resistance on the part of female technicians to this professional devaluation. On the other hand, the encouragement and congratulations they receive from the non-journalistic world represent sources of inspiration, self-assertion and a clearer commitment to the profession. Finally, the article shows that, in the technical professions, technological progress is a source of female generational rupture.   ***   PT. Com base em uma pesquisa qualitativa realizada na mídia pública em Burkina Faso em 2019, este artigo analisa as inter-relações entre gênero e tecnologia e apóia o postulado de que as profissões técnicas são construídas ou representadas em torno de uma organização social de gênero. Por um lado, as relações entre jornalistas e técnicos de ambos os sexos são disputadas e construídas em torno das noções de “centro” representadas pelos jornalistas, vistos como a instância mais importante, e de “periferia” encarnadas pelos técnicos, considerados agentes de apoio de jornalistas. Essas rivalidades por reconhecimento social e profissional entre os dois grupos profissionais se acentuam ainda mais quando jornalistas se proclamam técnicos, afirmando poder exercer profissões técnicas graças às facilidades oferecidas pela tecnologia digital. Por outro lado, os estereótipos de gênero caracterizam as relações profissionais, contribuindo para uma sub-representação das técnicas mulheres ou para uma masculinização da profissão. A pesquisa mostra, além disso, que o trabalho da mulher técnica é subvalorizado dentro do microcosmo profissional ou do campo da mídia e hipervalorizado pela sociedade extrajornalística. No imaginário do mundo intra-midiático, que é também o dos técnicos, a capacidade das mulheres de exercer profissões técnicas é relativizada ou refutada. Mas, quando as mulheres se distinguem por meio do trabalho, da combatividade, da assertividade, são representadas pelos homens como "homens", mostrando uma forma de equalização das relações profissionais entre técnicos e técnicas. O artigo também revela formas de resistência, por parte das técnicas, a essa desvalorização profissional. Por outro lado, o incentivo e as felicitações que recebem do mundo não jornalístico representam para elas fontes de inspiração, autoafirmação e compromisso mais nítido com a profissão. Por fim, o artigo mostra que, nas profissões técnicas, o progresso tecnológico é uma fonte de ruptura geracional feminina.   ***


2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madeline Mitchell ◽  
Merryn McKinnon

This article examines contemporary representations of female and male scientists in The New York Times with a particular emphasis on stereotypes related to gender and science as a profession. The selected series of profiles is approximately proportional in its representation of women in science and generally gives a rounded and diverse picture of their subjects. Traditionally ‘masculine’ characteristics (e.g. individual drive and brilliance) as well as ‘feminine’ communal skills (e.g. collaboration, communication and teamwork) are attributed to both male and female scientists. Nevertheless, textual and image analyses reveal that some differences remain in the treatment of male and female subjects, particularly in the unequal focus on combining family and career. This research identifies progress in media representations of scientists in comparison to previous studies. However, there is still room for improvement, especially in the representation of scientists from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds.


Author(s):  
Gyeong Hye Choi ◽  
Hyeon Ju Kim ◽  
Joo Hyun Kim ◽  
Eun Sook Nam ◽  
Hye Jin Hyun ◽  
...  

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine and share experiences of male nurses who have been rejected during their nursing practice by their patients. Methods: The participants were 12 male nurses who have worked in several hospitals. Data were collected through personalized in-depth interviews. Collected data were analyzed with the content analysis method. Results: The results can be categorized into three main themes. 1. Rejection based on gender stereotypes of nurses' roles. 2. Nurses' reactions when nursing was rejected 3. Reestablishing the role as a nurse. The results of this study showed that male nurses were struggling to maintain their own positions as professional nurses. They were refused by their patients and they experienced a lack of skill and knowledge in nursing practice. They were harmed physically and psychologically from being turned down, and sometimes they had serious conflicts with female nurses. Meanwhile, the male nurses tried to be faithful to their role as professional nurses. Conclusion: The results of this study show the following findings. 1. The male nurses' experiences where mostly ones of understanding and cooperation with patients' caregivers. 2. The need for public relations advertising and systematic support from the media. 3. The need for improving gender equality for nurses. 4. Strengthening male nursing students' endeavors for sound nursing professionalism.


2014 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 112-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Latsch ◽  
Bettina Hannover

We investigated effects of the media’s portrayal of boys as “scholastic failures” on secondary school students. The negative portrayal induced stereotype threat (boys underperformed in reading), stereotype reactance (boys displayed stronger learning goals towards mathematics but not reading), and stereotype lift (girls performed better in reading but not in mathematics). Apparently, boys were motivated to disconfirm their group’s negative depiction, however, while they could successfully apply compensatory strategies when describing their learning goals, this motivation did not enable them to perform better. Overall the media portrayal thus contributes to the maintenance of gender stereotypes, by impairing boys’ and strengthening girls’ performance in female connoted domains and by prompting boys to align their learning goals to the gender connotation of the domain.


2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Hackley ◽  
Amy Rungpaka Hackley

In the media convergence era, brands are embracing hybrid forms of advertising communication such as branded content, product placement and sponsored TV ‘pods’, brand blogs, shareable video, programmatic advertising, ‘native’ advertising and more, as alternatives to, and extensions of, traditional mass media advertising campaigns. In this article, we draw on Genette’s theory of transtextuality to reframe this phenomenon from a paratextual purview. We suggest that the analogy of the paratext articulates the iterative, ambiguous, participative and intertextual character of much contemporary brand communication. We describe extended examples of paratextual advertising and promotion that illustrate the fluid and mutually contingent relation of advertising text to paratext, and we outline an analytical framework for future research and practice.


Glimpse ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-144
Author(s):  
Duygu Onay-Coker ◽  

The COVID-19 pandemic both highlighted and exacerbated deep societal inequalities. Vulnerable and disadvantaged groups, especially women, faced even more unequal treatment. During the lockdown, women at home performed more childcare, and shouldered more cooking and cleaning duties, while husbands spent most of their time in virtual meetings. The media played a crucial role during this situation through its representation of women. An analysis of the reportage of two bestseller print mainstream media, Sabah and Hürriyet, compared to two alternative media channels on the internet, GazeteDuvar and T24, highlighted a serious difference in perspective in news stories about women. Bestseller mainstream Turkish media ignored the difficulties faced by women and followed dominant hegemonic discourse emphasizing women as wives and mothers who sacrifice themselves for their children and families. They ignored the plight of women victims subjected to violence during the lockdown and reproduced the idea of traditional gender roles through their news items. However, alternative newspapers provided a voice to the women, as well as to the voiceless, disadvantageous groups. They were critical of the government, local authorities, related powers, and their health politics. They did not prefer to ignore women and their voices but instead announced them in detail.


Author(s):  
Sara Barrios Rodríguez ◽  
Beatriz González-de-Garay ◽  
María Marcos Ramos

<p align="left"><strong>Resumen</strong></p><p>Este artículo recoge los principales resultados de un estudio realizado siguiendo la técnica del análisis de contenido en las plataformas de <em>streaming</em> sobre un total de 760 personajes (n = 760) de 33 series de <em>Movistar+, HBO, Amazon Prime, Atresplayer Premium y Netflix. </em>El objetivo es determinar si existen diferencias de género en la representación de los personajes, rasgos de personalidad, actitudes, objetivos personales o laborales, tipo de empleo que desempeñan, comportamientos de salud e interacciones sociales. Algunas de las conclusiones fueron la infrarrepresentación de la mujer y las orientaciones no heterosexuales, la perdurabilidad de los estereotipos de género en cuanto a objetivos personales y rasgos de personalidad, y la permanencia de la mujer en determinados puestos laborales.</p><p align="left"><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p>This paper carries out a content analysis on streaming platforms of a total of 760 characters (n = 760) from 33 series from <em>Movistar+, HBO, Amazon Prime, Atresplayer Premium </em>and<em> Netflix</em>. The aim is to determine whether there are gender differences between the characters with respect to representation, personality traits, harmful attitudes, personal or work objectives, type of employment, health behaviors and social interactions. Some of the findings were the under-representation of women and non-heterosexual sexual orientations, the persistence of gender stereotypes in terms of goals and personality traits, and the permanency of women in certain types of employment.</p>


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camilo Gómez-Durán

Bullying and violence against transitioning children and youth within the Canadian educational system still continues to be a serious cause of stress for children. This paper supports a short documentary film (29 minutes), which includes interviews with children, parents, and teachers about a weeklong program called Gender Splendour that has been held for the past seven years at The Grove Community School in Toronto. Amid workshops during a week in April, non-binary-conforming and cisgender identifying children have the opportunity to ponder, question, and defy gender stereotypes, which are prevalent in society, culture, and the media. A background of the director of the film informs his trajectory as an activist communicator. In addition, some of his inspirational sources are included. Notions playing in the documentary related to activism, reflexive ethnography, performativity, and participatory dynamics, are explained. Producing a documentary on the subjects of sexuality and children surely poses difficulties related to ethics, consent, and representation, on which the author comments.


Author(s):  
Lala Jabbarova

The media is one of the main resources from which people derive information about events surrounding them. The media tries to mirror realities, transmit various events, including cases of aggression and violence; however, lack of control on quality and quantity of information may result in perilous outcomes. This chapter offers a psychological analysis of the influence of media on crime in society, as well as the relation of crime levels with information about aggression and violence. The results of the research suggest that frequent, overstated, and embellished media disseminations of information of an aggressive character, without considering its possible psychological outcomes, increases viewers' levels of aggression and violence. In order to prevent this increase, it is crucial not to eliminate aggressive information from media completely, but instead to present it while taking into account its psychological effects.


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