scholarly journals Nutritional status and physiological parameters of maize cultivated with sewage sludge

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Santos Moreira ◽  
Guilherme Henrique Expedito Lense ◽  
Leonardo Ferreira Fávero ◽  
Benedito Majela de Oliveira Junior ◽  
Ronaldo Luiz Mincato
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Photosynthetic Activity ◽  
Defense Mechanism ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Maize Yield ◽  
Physiological Parameters ◽  
Fertilizer Treatment ◽  
Stomatal Conductivity

ABSTRACT The use of sewage sludge as a source of nutrients and organic matter for agricultural soils is a well-established practice. However, few reports highlight the effect of the nutrients and potentially toxic elements provided by organic wastes application on the plant physiological parameters, such as photosynthetic activity and stomatal conductivity. We performed a greenhouse experiment with maize exposed to a dystrophic red Latosol amended with mineral fertilizer and different rates of sewage sludge with the following objectives: i) assess the nutrients and metal uptake translocation and distribution in plants and ii) evaluate the relationship between plant physiological parameters and yield indicators under the study conditions. The application of sewage sludge increased the soil organic matter, pH, and the amounts of available Ca, S, and Mg, comparing to the mineral fertilizer treatment. The plants promote a higher translocation of macronutrients to the shoots in the sewage sludge treatments, which results in higher photosynthetic activity, stomatal conductivity, and maize yield parameters. Moreover, the trace elements, which can cause toxicity in small concentrations, were founded mainly in the roots, which indicates a plant defense mechanism.

scholarly journals Organic matter mineralisation in contrasting agricultural soils amended with sewage sludge .

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose Navarro Pedreño ◽  
Ignacio Gómez Lucas ◽  
Jose Martín Soriano Disla
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Single Dose ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Soil C ◽  
Multiple Sensor ◽  
Sludge Application

The mineralisation of organic matter (OM) when sewage sludge was used as amendment in 70 contrasting agricultural soils from Spain was analysed. Soils received a single dose of sewage sludge (equivalent to 50t dry weight ha<sup>-1</sup>) and the O<sub>2</sub> consumption was continuously monitored for 30 days using a multiple sensor respirometer in a laboratory experiment. The cumulative O<sub>2</sub> consumption and rates after 8 and 30 days of incubation (O<sub>2 cum</sub> 8d, 30d and O<sub>2 rate</sub> 8d, 30d), the respiratory quotient (RQ), the maximum O<sub>2</sub> rates over the incubation period (O<sub>2 max</sub>) and time from the beginning of the incubation when O<sub>2 max</sub> occurred (T<sub>max</sub>), were determined in both amended and non-amended soils. Sewage sludge application resulted in increased values for O<sub>2 max</sub>, O<sub>2 rate</sub> 8d, and O<sub>2 cum</sub> 30d. Differences were minor for T<sub>max</sub>, RQ 8d and O<sub>2 rate</sub> 30d. A considerable amount of the initial OM applied was mineralised during the first 8 days. Organic matter decomposition (as expressed by O<sub>2 cum</sub> 30d) was favoured in soils with high values of pH, carbonates, soil organic carbon and low values of amorphous Mn. Soils with these characteristics may potentially lose soil C after sewage sludge application.

scholarly journals Laser-induced fluorescence of organic matter from a Brazilian Oxisol under sewage-sludge applications

2006 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 269-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martha González Pérez ◽  
Débora Marcondes Bastos Pereira Milori ◽  
Ladislau Martin-Neto ◽  
Luiz Alberto Colnago ◽  
Otávio Antonio de Camargo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Size Fraction ◽  
Laser Induced Fluorescence ◽  
Natural Ecosystem ◽  
Mineral Matrix ◽  
High Fluorescence ◽  
Lif Spectroscopy ◽  
Pi System

Sludge applications have been used to maintain fertility of agricultural soils without damaging the natural ecosystem. The aim of this study was evaluating the influence of sewage-sludge addition on the quality of organic matter (OM) of a Brazilian Oxisol by Laser Induced Fluorescence (LIF). LIF was used to analyze OM of whole soil and different soil fractions separated by chemical and physical methods. The high fluorescence contribution of humin fraction to the fluorescence of whole soils was shown, stressing the importance of studying OM associated to mineral matrix of soil. Spectra with different shapes were obtained for every particle size fraction, indicating differences in organic compounds bounded to them. The fraction with the higher carbon content was the 2-20 µm, that contains ~5% C and represents only 10% in soil, but stores 34-39 % of total C and shows the highest fluorescence intensity. The spectrum of this fraction shows its heterogeneity and a higher concentration of compounds which fluorescence is centered at 510 nm. This indicates a higher concentration of unsaturated bond systems capable of high degree of resonance, increased conjugation of the electron pi system, and higher aromaticity comparing with other fractions. No differences were detected for treatments of sewage-sludge applications. LIF spectroscopy is a promising technique for OM studies in whole soils, allowing to study spatial distribution of OM within the soil's mineral matrix, including Oxisols.

Soil respiration and soil organic matter pools in soils amended for 7 years with biochar combined with mineral and organic fertilizers

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iria Benavente-Ferraces ◽  
Fátima Esteban ◽  
Denis Courtier-Murias ◽  
Ana Rey ◽  
Claudio Zaccone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Soil Respiration ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Mineral Fertilization ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste Compost

&lt;p&gt;Biochar application is now considered to be one of the most promising agricultural practices to mitigate climate change. However, to fully assess the benefits of biochar, we still need to better understand its effects on soil properties, and particularly on native soil organic matter (SOM) dynamics.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In this work, we investigated soil respiration and changes in SOM pools (mineral-free, intra-aggregate, and mineral-associated SOM) as affected by the application of 20 t / ha per year of biochar alone or combined with mineral fertilizer, municipal solid waste compost, or sewage sludge. The experiment was run for 7 years in a semiarid agricultural soil. We found that biochar had no effect on soil respiration with respect to mineral fertilization and no amendment (control), and tended to decrease CO&lt;sub&gt;2 &lt;/sub&gt;emissions from soils amended with municipal solid waste compost and sewage sludge. Biochar accumulated mainly in the mineral-free SOM fraction and its addition, especially in combination with municipal solid waste compost, promoted the amount of SOM occluded with aggregates and associated to mineral surfaces.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Acknowledgments: to the Spanish MICINN (MINECO, AEI, FEDER, EU) for supporting the research project AGL2016-75762-R.&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals Examination of Zn deficiency on some physiological parameters in case of maize and cucumber seedlings

2010 ◽  
pp. 5-9
Author(s):  
Nóra Bákonyi
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Physiological Parameters ◽  
Zn Deficiency ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Cucumis Sativus L ◽  
Chlorophyll Contents

Zinc (Zn) is an essential micronutrient needed not only for people, but also crops. Almost half of the world’s cereal crops are deficient inZn, leading to poor crop yields. In fact, one-third (33%) of the world's population is at risk of Zn deficiency in rates, ranging from 4% to73% depending on the given country. Zn deficiency in agricultural soils is also a major global problem affecting both crop yield and quality.The Zn contents of soils in Hungary are medium or rather small. Generally, the rate of Zn deficiency is higher on sand, sandy loam or soiltypes of large organic matter contents. High pH and calcium carbonate contents are the main reasons for the low availability of Zn forplants (Karimian and Moafpouryan, 1999). It has been reported that the high-concentration application of phosphate fertilisers reduces Znavailability (Khosgoftarmanesh et al., 2006). Areas with Zn deficiency are particularly extensive in Békés, Fejér and Tolna County inHungary, yet these areas feature topsoils of high organic matter contents. Usually, Zn is absorbed strongly in the upper part the soil, and ithas been observed that the uptakeable Zn contents of soil are lower than 1.4 mg kg-1.Maize is one of the most important crops in Hungary, grown in the largest areas, and belongs to the most sensitive cultures to Zndeficiency. Zn deficiency can causes serious damage in yield (as large as 80 %), especially in case of maize. On the other hand, Zndeficiency can also cause serious reduction in the yields of dicots. One of the most important vegetables of canning industry is cucumber,which is grown all over the world.In this study, the effects of Zn deficiency have investigated on the growth of shoots and roots, relative and absolute chlorophyll contents,fresh and dry matter accumulation, total root and shoot lengths, the leaf number and leaf area of test plants in laboratory. Experimentalplants used have been maize (Zea mays L. cv. Reseda sc.) and cucumber (Cucumis sativus L. cv. Delicatess). A monocot and dicot plant havechosen a to investigate the effects of Zn deficiency, because they have different nutrient uptake mechanism.It has been observed that the unfavourable effects of Zn deficiency have caused damage in some physiological parameters, andsignificantly reduced the growth, chlorophyll contents of monocots and dicots alike.

scholarly journals Biochemical changes and development of soybean with use of pelletized organomineral fertilizer containing sewage sludge and filter cake

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. e44249
Author(s):  
Leidyanne Godinho Silva ◽  
Reginaldo de Camargo ◽  
Regina Maria Quintão Lana ◽  
Julio Cesar Delvaux ◽  
Evandro Binotto Fagan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Filter Cake ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Waste Products ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Quantitative Changes

Filter cake has been one of the most widely used waste products as a source of organic matter in the production of biofertilizers. However, sanitized sewage sludge is a recommended alternative for agricultural use because of environmental issues. Studies that examine the use of this particular class of fertilizer are needed. The objective of this work was to evaluate the efficiency of sewage sludge and filter cake as sources of organic matter in the composition of pelletized biofertilizers for soybean production. The experimental design was a randomized block design in a 2 x 4 + 2 factorial, which includes two sources of organic matter (sanitized sewage sludge and filter cake) and four levels of nitrogen (50, 75, 100, and 125%) relative to the recommended dose of phosphorus pentoxide compared with the mineral fertilizer. The use of organomineral fertilizer with the formulation of 75% sewage sludge showed greater growth for aerial plant parts. Biofertilizers formulated with sewage sludge and filter cake can replace mineral fertilizer and increase soybean growth. Quantitative changes in peroxidase, catalase and urease activity, as well as lipid peroxidation, were observed following the use of biofertilizers.

scholarly journals Land reclamation recovery with the sewage sludge use

2008 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 643-655 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Rincon Tamanini ◽  
Antônio Carlos Vargas Motta ◽  
Cleverson Vitório Andreoli ◽  
Benno Henrique Doetzer
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Metal Contamination ◽  
Land Reclamation ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Available P ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Low Concentration ◽  
Degraded Area

In this work, investigations were carried out with five treatments [control, three doses of lime stabilized sludge (60, 120, 240 Mg ha-1 dry base) and soil corrective plus mineral fertilizer] to evaluate the immediate recuperation of a borrowed area. The application of stabilized alkaline sewage sludge acted as an acidity corrective, allowed the increase in the organic matter contents (21 to 43.5g dm-3) and available P (44 to 156 mg dm-3). Even with the use of the highest dose, no increase in the concentration of 32 analyzed metals was observed, due to the low concentration of metals in the sludge. The experiment showed that short term restoration of degraded area was possible by using high rates of sewage sludge without metal contamination.

scholarly journals Characterization of sewage sludge generated in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and perspectives for agricultural recycling

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (4Supl1) ◽  
pp. 2433 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan Henrique Marques de Abreu ◽  
Paulo Sérgio Dos Santos Leles ◽  
Jorge Makhlouta Alonso ◽  
Elton Luis Da Silva Abel ◽  
Ricardo Rodrigues de Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Soil Amendment ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
The State ◽  
Agricultural Crops ◽  
Potential Demand ◽  
Janeiro State

Sanitary sewage collection and treatment is a serious environmental problem in Brazilian cities, as well as the destination of solid waste resulting from this process, i.e. the sewage sludge, a substance rich in organic matter and nutrients, which is normally discarded in landfills. The aim of this study was to characterize the sewage sludge generated in four treatment stations in Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil and check if they meet the legal criteria of the National Environment Council (CONAMA), Resolution No. 375/2006. It also focused on analyzing the perspectives for its agricultural recycling based on the potential demand for main agricultural crops grown in Rio de Janeiro State. Samples from eight sewage sludge lots from four treatment stations located in the metropolitan area of Rio de Janeiro were analyzed. These stations receive and treat only domestic sewage by activated sludge system. For chemical and biological characterization of these lots, representative samples were collected and analyzed according to parameters of CONAMA Resolution No. 375/2006. In order to analyze the perspectives of agricultural recycling of sewage sludge in Rio de Janeiro State, 10 crops with the largest cultivated area in the state were surveyed and analyzed which of them are apt to receive sewage sludge as fertilizer and/or soil amendment. To determine the potential demand for sewage sludge in agriculture, the area occupied by these crops were multiplied by each fertilizer recommendation considering the sewage sludge as fertilizer. The analyzed sludge presented a high content of nutrients and organic matter and was included in the parameters of heavy metals, pathogenic agents, and bacteriological indicators stipulated by CONAMA Resolution No. 375/2006. The agricultural panorama of Rio de Janeiro State is favorable for agricultural recycling of sewage sludge since there is a great potential demand for this residue and, among the 10 agricultural crops with the largest cultivated area in the state, sludge can be used as fertilizer or soil amendment in eight of them. The implementation of a State Sewage Sludge Recycling Program could dispose of this material in a more sustainable way, as well as improve the quality of agricultural soils and reduce costs with chemical fertilizers, bringing positive results for sanitation companies and producers.

scholarly journals Chemical and microbiological attributes of an oxisol treated with successive applications of sewage sludge¹

2011 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 1461-1470 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Rafael Pires Bueno ◽  
Ronaldo Severiano Berton ◽  
Adriana Parada Dias da Silveira ◽  
Marcio Koiti Chiba ◽  
Cristiano Alberto de Andrade ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Microbial Biomass C ◽  
Fertilizer Treatment ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Metal Levels ◽  
Microbiological Properties

Studies on sewage sludge (SS) have confirmed the possibilities of using this waste as fertilizer and/or soil conditioner in crop production areas. Despite restrictions with regard to the levels of potentially toxic elements (PTE) and pathogens, it is believed that properly treated SS with low PTE levels, applied to soil at adequate rates, may improve the soil chemical and microbiological properties. This study consisted of a long-term field experiment conducted on a Typic Haplorthox (eutroferric Red Latosol) treated with SS for seven successive years for maize production, to evaluate changes in the soil chemical and microbiological properties. The treatments consisted of two SS rates (single and double dose of the crop N requirement) and a mineral fertilizer treatment. Soil was sampled in the 0-0.20 m layer and analyzed for chemical properties (organic C, pH, P, K, Ca, Mg, CEC, B, Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cd, Ni, and Pb) and microbiological properties (basal respiration, microbial biomass activity, microbial biomass C, metabolic quotient, microbial quotient, and protease and dehydrogenase enzyme activities). Successive SS applications to soil increased the macro- and micronutrient availability, but the highest SS dose reduced the soil pH significantly, indicating a need for periodic corrections. The SS treatments also affected soil microbial activity and biomass negatively. There were no significant differences among treatments for maize grain yield. After seven annual applications of the recommended sludge rate, the heavy metal levels in the soil had not reached toxic levels.

scholarly journals Compost and Sewage Sludge for the Improvement of Soil Chemical and Biological Quality of Mediterranean Agroecosystems

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 26
Author(s):  
Enrica Picariello ◽  
Luca Pucci ◽  
Maurizio Carotenuto ◽  
Giovanni Libralato ◽  
Giusy Lofrano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Microbial Community ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Soil Amendment ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Biological Quality

Conventional fertilization practices in agroecosystems concern the supply of bioavailable nutrients, such as mineral fertilizers. A consolidated alternative to restoring the long-term fertility of agricultural soils is their amendment with organic fertilizers. Soil amendment with biowaste compost or sewage sludge represents a sustainable strategy to avoid the landfilling of organic matter derived from urban waste and sewage sludge. This study aims at validating the use of quality biowaste compost and sewage sludge from secondary sedimentation (alone or in combination with mineral fertilizers) in a Mediterranean agroecosystem and their effects on soil chemical and biological quality, with a view to verifying the maintenance of soil fertility and functionality. In particular, the dynamics of soil organic matter, pH, potentially toxic elements and microbial community functionality were assessed, in experimental mesocosms, during 6 months of incubation. The research showed that, while soil amendment with biowaste compost induces positive effects on soil organic matter and phosphorous concentrations, as well as on microbial community functionality, the amendment with the selected sewage sludge does not determine any benefit to the microbial community or any danger in relation to soil potentially toxic element concentrations and toxicity. The quantity of sewage sludge employed, chosen according to regional directives, was thus not enough to stimulate the edaphic microflora activity.

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