scholarly journals Federalism, the Economic-Industrial Health Care Complex and High-Cost Pharmaceutical Assistance in Brazil

2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 1165-1176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elize Massard da Fonseca ◽  
Nilson do Rosario Costa
Keyword(s):  
Federal Government ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Development Project ◽  
Cancer Treatments ◽  
Public Health Policies ◽  
Main Driver ◽  
Industrial Health ◽  
Federal Management ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
Made In

Brazil has a relevant, although relatively unknown, special medicines programme that distributes high-cost products, such as drugs needed for cancer treatments. In 2009, the purchase of these medicines became the responsibility of the Brazilian Federal Government. Until then, there were no clear norms regarding the responsibilities, in terms of the management/financing of these medicines, of the Brazilian Federal Government and of the states themselves. This qualitative study analyses the policy process needed to transfer this programme to the central government. The study examines the reports of the Tripartite Commission between 2000 and 2012, and in-depth interviews with eleven key informants were conducted. The study demonstrates that throughout the last decade, institutional changes have been made in regard to the federal management of these programmes (such as recentralisation of the purchasing of medicines). It concludes that these changes can be explained because of the efficiency of the coordinating mechanisms of the Federal Government. These findings reinforce the idea that the Ministry of Health is the main driver of public health policies, and it has opted for the recentralisation of activities as a result of the development project implicit in the agenda of the Industrial and Economic Heal

A Perioperative Care Display for Understanding High Acuity Patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (01) ◽  
pp. 164-169
Author(s):  
Laurie Lovett Novak ◽  
Jonathan Wanderer ◽  
David A. Owens ◽  
Daniel Fabbri ◽  
Julian Z. Genkins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Visualization ◽  
Design Process ◽  
Cognitive Task ◽  
Development Project ◽  
Clinical Informatics ◽  
Data Display ◽  
Data Types ◽  
Iterative Design ◽  
High Acuity ◽  
Depth Interviews

Abstract Background The data visualization literature asserts that the details of the optimal data display must be tailored to the specific task, the background of the user, and the characteristics of the data. The general organizing principle of a concept-oriented display is known to be useful for many tasks and data types. Objectives In this project, we used general principles of data visualization and a co-design process to produce a clinical display tailored to a specific cognitive task, chosen from the anesthesia domain, but with clear generalizability to other clinical tasks. To support the work of the anesthesia-in-charge (AIC) our task was, for a given day, to depict the acuity level and complexity of each patient in the collection of those that will be operated on the following day. The AIC uses this information to optimally allocate anesthesia staff and providers across operating rooms. Methods We used a co-design process to collaborate with participants who work in the AIC role. We conducted two in-depth interviews with AICs and engaged them in subsequent input on iterative design solutions. Results Through a co-design process, we found (1) the need to carefully match the level of detail in the display to the level required by the clinical task, (2) the impedance caused by irrelevant information on the screen such as icons relevant only to other tasks, and (3) the desire for a specific but optional trajectory of increasingly detailed textual summaries. Conclusion This study reports a real-world clinical informatics development project that engaged users as co-designers. Our process led to the user-preferred design of a single binary flag to identify the subset of patients needing further investigation, and then a trajectory of increasingly detailed, text-based abstractions for each patient that can be displayed when more information is needed.

Objectifs des partis politiques en Wallonie : A propos des élections communales

Res Publica ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 18 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 461-173
Author(s):  
André Philipart
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
Local Authority ◽  
Central Government ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Strategy ◽  
Local Power ◽  
Political Alliances ◽  
French Speaking ◽  
Political Variables ◽  
Made In

As the restructuration of municipalities (local power) could bring along new local political alliances, one would have thought about the possibility of a relevant modification of the political map of Wallonie (French speaking region of Belgium) after the «elections communales» of October 10th, 1976.Some experts had even conceived that the reorganization of the local authority was a manoeuvre of the central government, made in order to neutralize a region in which the «Parti Socialiste Belge» had the majority (voices 36.8 % and 35.5 % of the deputies and senators mandates) . Others thought that the national political strategy would prevail.On the contrary, the results of the election have proved, that the «Parti Socialiste Belge» has kept its predominance in Wallonie (175 lists PSB in the 262 municipalities, 87 lists «en cartel» ; 58 got the majority of the votes and participation in the coalitions in more than half of the municipalities).  The other political parties (PSC, PLP, etc.) have kept their position.The national strategy didn't appear neither in the program, nor in the constitution of the voting lists ( 445 lists for the national parties, 541 local lists).The national political «variables» (alternatives)(government versus opposition; Brussel v. the regions; center v. pheriphery ; community v. community), haven't brought modifications to the local objectives for which the main reason remains either to keep the power or to make its conquest.

Chemistry of Food and Nutrition

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1948 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 434-434
Keyword(s):  
Federal Government ◽  
Research Council ◽  
National Research Council ◽  
Dietary Recommendations ◽  
Food And Nutrition ◽  
Nutritive Values ◽  
College Classes ◽  
Made In

While this book is designed primarily for students in college classes, it should be of service to many other types of readers. Essential changes have been made in the text, several chapters have been rewritten, and two new chapters dealing with the nutritive characteristics of the chief group of foods and the causes and extent of variations in the nutritive values of food have been added. These values have been revised in accordance with the recent dietary recommendations and studies of food values by the Federal Government and the National Research Council.

scholarly journals The transformative capacity of the Brazilian federal government in building a social welfare bureaucracy in the municipalities

2018 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 363-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natália Guimarães Duarte Sátyro ◽  
Eleonora Schettini Martins Cunha
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Structural Change ◽  
Federal Government ◽  
Learning Processes ◽  
Process Tracing ◽  
Government Control ◽  
Transformative Capacity ◽  
Documentary Analysis ◽  
Institutional Learning ◽  
Depth Interviews

Abstract The article analyzes the transformative capacity of the Ministry of Social Development and Fight against Hunger (MDS) in shaping structural change in Brazilian municipalities. The study is based on the concepts of organizational and institutional learning, on a combination of analytical categories of the institutional and neo-institutional approaches and on traditional means of government control. As for methodology, this study used process tracing, in-depth interviews, and documentary analysis of regulations, decrees, and resolutions that create direct and indirect incentives to induce agreements and cooperation of municipalities with the Ministry. We identified two important causal mechanisms: a) organizational and institutional learning processes; and b) inter-federative cooperation that, combined, generated significant changes in municipal bureaucratic capacity. The findings show the importance of the Union’s transformative capacity in the process of public policy decentralization in Brazil.

scholarly journals PENERAPAN SISTEM MANAJEMEN MUTU BERDASARKAN STANDAR ISO 9001 : 2005

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Shakina Nur Fitriyna ◽  
Lenggogeni Lenggogeni ◽  
R. Eka Murtinugraha
Keyword(s):  
Quality Management ◽  
Human Resources ◽  
Construction Management ◽  
Management System ◽  
Quality Management System ◽  
Development Project ◽  
Iso 9001 ◽  
Management Consultant ◽  
Questionnaire Form ◽  
Made In

This study aims to find out how the implementation of quality management system based on clause in ISO 9001: 2015 on podomoro golf project development project cimanggis with PT. Wijaya Karya Building Building as a contractor. This study is descriptive using clauses in ISO 9001: 2015 as a way of knowing the implementation of quality management system from owner, construction management consultant, and contractor, with questionnaire form about application of field. Questions are made in clauses 4 to clause 10 in ISO 9001: 2015.The results in this study indicate that the implementation of quality management system based on clause in ISO 9001: 2015 from the owner is "Rarely" applied with the percentage of assessment between 50% to 74.99%. The construction management consultant is "Always" applied to the assessment percentage of 75% to 100%. From the contractor's side is "Always" applied with the percentage of valuation between 75% to 100%. From these results obtained factors - factors that become constraints on the implementation of quality management system based on clauses in ISO 9001: 2015, the method or procedure, human resources (HR), and implementation or operational work.

scholarly journals The Resilience of Indonesia’s State Budget against Central Government Debt

2020 ◽  
Vol 006 (02) ◽  
pp. 325-330
Author(s):  
Nugroho Suryo Bintoro
Keyword(s):  
Government Spending ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Government Debt ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
State Budget ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Government ◽  
Term Data ◽  
Made In

The growth of central government debt in Indonesia is the subject of endless discussion for both economists and experts in other fields. Although the government uses this debt in order to increase Indonesia's competence through infrastructure development, there are problems in the form of previous accumulated debts. This accumulative debt is known as the concept of “debt stock” which is assessed through Indonesia's fiscal resilience (APBN) to measure the repayment capacity of new debts that will be made in the future. This ability will be seen using long-term data from 1990 to 2016 which is reflected in the variables of central government debt, government spending and revenue so that it is known that Indonesia's central government debt can still be said to be sustainable and the Indonesian government should prioritize productive expenditures in order to increase government revenues.

scholarly journals Budgetary Consequences of the 7th NFC Award

2010 ◽  
Vol 49 (4II) ◽  
pp. 375-385
Author(s):  
Hafiz A. Pasha ◽  
Aisha G. Pasha ◽  
Muhammad Imran
Keyword(s):  
Federal Government ◽  
Multiple Criteria ◽  
Fiscal Decentralisation ◽  
Made In

The 7th NFC Award of 2009 has generally been recognised as a historic achievement of the present democratically elected government. Not only was consensus achieved after a gap of 12 years among the Federal and Provincial Governments but major strides have also been made in furthering the process of fiscal decentralisation in the country. The Federal Government will be transferring substantially more resources to the provinces by a major enhancement in the collective share of the latter from the divisible pool taxes. In addition, the provinces have agreed to a horizontal sharing formula that includes multiple criteria and promises greater fiscal equalisation in favour of the more backward provinces. Straight transfers have also been rationalised and the Federal Government has agreed to pay in instalments the substantial arrears that had accumulated under different heads.

Tight or Loose Control

2020 ◽  
pp. 98-102
Author(s):  
Alasdair Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Central Government ◽  
The State ◽  
Political Leaders ◽  
Command Economy ◽  
Free Markets ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
Economic Sphere ◽  
Governance Strategies ◽  
The Right ◽  
Made In

This chapter examines the second dilemma in the design of governance strategies, which relates to strictness of control. Leaders must choose whether to monitor and regulate behavior loosely or intensively. This is certainly true with regard to control of the everyday conduct of citizens through surveillance and policing. A similar choice must be made in the economic sphere, between a command economy and free markets. And the dilemma arises again within the apparatus of the state itself. For example, central government must decide whether to exercise more or less supervision over lower levels of government. Moreover, within each level of government, political leaders must decide whether to give more or less autonomy to bureaucrats charged with implementing their policies. In all of these contexts, similar calculations about the right measure of control must be made.

Upgrading Society With Smart Government

2017 ◽  
pp. 272-304
Author(s):  
Badreya Al-Jenaibi
Keyword(s):  
Federal Government ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Response Times ◽  
Basic Element ◽  
Electronic Government ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Level Of Satisfaction ◽  
Clear Vision ◽  
High Level ◽  
Smart Government

This paper aims to explore the goals and motives of electronic government utilization among the citizens, the motives of their preference as well as the extent of use of these smart applications in the UAE. Also, it investigates the basic element of Smart Government uses within the federal authorities, response times, and recommendations for improving smart government. This study answers the following questions: What is the purpose of creating smart government? What are the users' aims in using smart government and what level of satisfaction do they experience? To augment this research, 450 questionnaires were distributed among federal authorities' users in all 7 emirates in the UAE. In addition, 18 interviews were conducted with managers in the federal government. The users reported high levels of satisfaction using smart government technologies, indicating a high level of usage and trust. The results also show that higher service speed contributes to higher levels of satisfaction. Managers are very optimistic about Smart Government, but some challenges remain, such as the existence of a lack of information or guidelines for using smart government. There is currently no central government department for applying smart government, and no clear vision or philosophies regarding smart government.

scholarly journals Bundesstaatsreform und Zukunft der Finanzverfassung

2007 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wolfgang Kitterer
Keyword(s):  
Federal Government ◽  
Fiscal Federalism ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Borrowing Constraints ◽  
Stabilization Policy ◽  
Tax Base ◽  
Tax Autonomy ◽  
State Tax ◽  
Fiscal System ◽  
Tax Sharing

AbstractThe reform of fiscal federalism in Germany enacted in 2006 has focussed on separating the joint legislation process between the federal government and the States (Laender). The German commission on the reform of federalism is now disputing about further reforms in order to establish a more competitive fiscal system. In this paper we discuss some institutional arrangements minimizing tax sharing between different layers of government and strengthening tax autonomy of the sub-central governments. Furthermore, a reform of the inter-state tax equalization system is proposed which provides more transparency and more incentives to the States to raise their own economic performance and tax base. Finally, as the constitutional borrowing constraints provide no credible enforcement mechanism and as decentralized fiscal policy cannot be effective the States should be bound to balanced budgets and rainy day funds. Only central government should be responsible for stabilization policy.

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