scholarly journals Overdentures as an alternative to conventional dentures: a micro-costing analysis for Public Health Service in Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (8) ◽  
pp. 3335-3344
Author(s):  
Denise de Fátima Barros Cavalcante ◽  
Antonio Carlos Pereira ◽  
Yuri Wanderley Cavalcanti ◽  
Livia Fernandes Probst ◽  
Gláucia Maria Bovi Ambrosano
Keyword(s):  
Financial Incentives ◽  
Public Health Service ◽  
Direct Costs ◽  
Complete Dentures ◽  
Complementary Information ◽  
Edentulous Mandible ◽  
Base Scenario ◽  
Sensibility Analysis ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Costing Analysis

Abstract This study aimed to estimate cost and compatibility with public financial incentives of two technologies for treating the edentulous mandible: lower complete dentures (CD) and overdentures retained by two dental implants (OD). This study consisted of a partial economic evaluation, with a micro-costing bottom-up approach for the calculation of direct costs. The estimates involved the number of consultations, proportion of materials, equipment, instruments’ lifetime, and human resources, described in the price panel website of the Ministry of Economy in Brazil. Complementary information was obtained from a panel of experts. A sensitivity analysis was based on 20% variation. The estimated cost of a CD was R$ 189.89 (base scenario), and this varied between R$ 151.91 and R$ 227.89 according to sensibility analysis. The cost of an OD was R$ 663.05 (ranging from R$ 795.66 to R$ 530.44 - 1US=R$ 3.80/July 2019). The Ministry of Health covers appropriately the costs of the CD and OD. Both technologies showed costs that are within the limits of financial public incentives obtained by municipalities. The technologies are economically viable and should be induced through public policies due to their positive impacts on several functional domains of health.

scholarly journals Addition of Flucytosine to Fluconazole for the Treatment of Cryptococcal Meningitis in Africa: A Multicountry Cost-effectiveness Analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tinevimbo Shiri ◽  
Angela Loyse ◽  
Lawrence Mwenge ◽  
Tao Chen ◽  
Shabir Lakhi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity Analysis ◽  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Cryptococcal Meningitis ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Costing Analysis ◽  
Very High

Abstract Background Mortality from cryptococcal meningitis remains very high in Africa. In the Advancing Cryptococcal Meningitis Treatment for Africa (ACTA) trial, 2 weeks of fluconazole (FLU) plus flucytosine (5FC) was as effective and less costly than 2 weeks of amphotericin-based regimens. However, many African settings treat with FLU monotherapy, and the cost-effectiveness of adding 5FC to FLU is uncertain. Methods The effectiveness and costs of FLU+5FC were taken from ACTA, which included a costing analysis at the Zambian site. The effectiveness of FLU was derived from cohorts of consecutively enrolled patients, managed in respects other than drug therapy, as were participants in ACTA. FLU costs were derived from costs of FLU+5FC in ACTA, by subtracting 5FC drug and monitoring costs. The cost-effectiveness of FLU+5FC vs FLU alone was measured as the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER). A probabilistic sensitivity analysis assessed uncertainties and a bivariate deterministic sensitivity analysis examined the impact of varying mortality and 5FC drug costs on the ICER. Results The mean costs per patient were US $847 (95% confidence interval [CI] $776–927) for FLU+5FC, and US $628 (95% CI $557–709) for FLU. The 10-week mortality rate was 35.1% (95% CI 28.9–41.7%) with FLU+5FC and 53.8% (95% CI 43.1–64.1%) with FLU. At the current 5FC price of US $1.30 per 500 mg tablet, the ICER of 5FC+FLU versus FLU alone was US $65 (95% CI $28–208) per life-year saved. Reducing the 5FC cost to between US $0.80 and US $0.40 per 500 mg resulted in an ICER between US $44 and US $28 per life-year saved. Conclusions The addition of 5FC to FLU is cost-effective for cryptococcal meningitis treatment in Africa and, if made available widely, could substantially reduce mortality rates among human immunodeficiency virus–infected persons in Africa.

A vibration-based identification of elastic properties of stitched sandwich panels

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (5) ◽  
pp. 579-592 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nan Li ◽  
Mabrouk Ben Tahar ◽  
Zoheir Aboura ◽  
Kamel Khellil
Keyword(s):  
Elastic Properties ◽  
Transverse Direction ◽  
Sandwich Panel ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Vibration Test ◽  
Structural Application ◽  
Sensibility Analysis ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Non Destructive

Stitched sandwich becomes popular in structural application owing to its better performance in the transverse direction with respect to classical sandwich structure and relatively low-cost additional stitching process. The identification of its elastic properties is essential for offering a tailored structure for specific applications. A non-destructive identification method based on vibration test is proposed to obtain these parameters. The number of parameters is firstly reduced by a sensibility analysis. The retained parameters are identified by minimizing the cost function which indicates the gap between measured frequencies from vibration test and calculated frequencies from a finite element model. This method is applied to a stitched sandwich panel and its elastic properties are successfully identified.

Business Development and Environmental Impact in the Solar (PV) Field

2017 ◽  
pp. 44-84
Keyword(s):  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Financial Incentives ◽  
Investment Decision ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Business Development ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Investment Projects ◽  
Electricity Cost ◽  
The Cost

The techno-economic analysis of a PV system is designed to measure the viability of the designed system from an economical and technological point of view assuming some specific environmental conditions. In this research, for the techno-economic analysis of PV system the authors are focused on four general categories of factors which are highly influential on the investment decision in this field. These are the PV system costs, the electricity cost, the sunlight and other environmental characteristics and the financial incentives. Each of this factors is analyzed in order to understand and evaluate the general conditions that influence the decision in the photovoltaic business. The methodology that is used for explaining the real business environment in PV field and the main indicators that can estimate the investment profitability is the case study related to formal opportunities for developing PV investment projects in Romania. The investors in PV field have to understand the life cycle of a PV system that can give an overlook of the cost reduction opportunities and also make them sensible to the decommissioning phase of such an investment. For future investments in the PV field in Europe the authors identified and analyzed the main factors that characterize the PV business development in the next period.

scholarly journals Estimating impact of financial incentives on construction waste production

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2.13) ◽  
pp. 322
Author(s):  
Milad Pavopar
Keyword(s):  
Financial Incentives ◽  
Expanded Polystyrene ◽  
Waste Production ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Polystyrene Waste ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Development Objectives ◽  
Project Lead ◽  
Total Price ◽  
Ready Mix Concrete

Due to destructive environmental effects of construction wastes and increasing amount of these wastes that are in conflict with sustainable development objectives, it is essential to adopt solutions in order to reduce such wastes regarding environment preservation. This study was conducted to examine impact of financial incentives on reducing construction wastes using pairwise comparisons. According to professional opinions and experience of experts in building industry based on the 7-point Likert scale, mean responses obtained to 4.93, 4.83, and 4.73 for waste materials (stone, tile, ceramic), ready mix concrete waste, and EPS (Expanded Polystyrene) waste, respectively. On the other hand, reliability of research instrument obtained at 0.77 using Cronbach’s alpha test. Moreover, it is seen that the studied materials in this research assigned 41% contribution of constructing costs to themselves; of them, fittings and tiles, ceramics and stone assigned the highest constructing cost to themselves with 12%contribution. In fact, waste of materials in projects under the “total price” contract 30-50% higher than projects under the “cost plus” contract. Increasing number of floors and area of construction project lead to average reduction in waste of materials from 4.4% to 1.4%. Change in regional price of housing will changes materials used in construction based on different prices.  

scholarly journals Estimating the economic life of forest machinery using the cumulative cost model and cost minimization model in Iranian Caspian forests

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (No. 5) ◽  
pp. 216-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hejazian Mohammad ◽  
Lotfalian Majid ◽  
Limaei Soleiman Mohammadi
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Cost Minimization ◽  
Cost Model ◽  
Life Cycle Costing ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
Cumulative Cost ◽  
Cumulative Cost Model ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Costing Analysis

This study was conducted in order to estimate the economic life of two models of rubber-tired skidders, namely Timberjack 450C and HSM 904, in Iranian Caspian forests. The total annual costs and average cumulative cost of skidders were calculated by life-cycle costing analysis. The economic life of the machines was estimated by both the cumulative cost model and cost minimization model. The results indicated that the economic life of Timberjack 450C and HSM 904 is 7,700 h (at the end of the 11<sup>th</sup> year) and 15,300 h (at the end of the 17<sup>th</sup> year), respectively, using the cost minimization model. Furthermore, the results indicated that the economic life of Timberjack 450C and HSM 904 is 9,100 h (at the end of the 13<sup>th</sup> year) and 11,900 h (at the end of the 21<sup>st</sup> year), respectively, using the cumulative cost model. The cumulative cost model estimated the economic life of skidders longer than the cost minimization model.

scholarly journals A Long-term Strategy for Energy and Cost Performance Improvement of Existing Residential Buildings: Step-by-step Renovation in Turkey

2019 ◽  
Vol 111 ◽  
pp. 03040
Author(s):  
Touraj Ashrafian ◽  
Zerrin Yilmaz ◽  
Nazanin Moazzen
Keyword(s):  
Cost Analysis ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Financial Incentives ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Minimum Energy ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Optimal Level ◽  
Proper Solution ◽  
Existing Building ◽  
The Cost

Recast version of Energy Performance of Building Directive (EPBD-Recast) obligate member states to keep the cost analysis in parallel with the energy analysis during the renovation actions for the existing building by taking the cost-optimal level of minimum energy performance requirement to the account. Although this cost-optimal level is indicating the minimum cost level for a period, it can provide buildings’ owners with an enormous initial cost. One of the most challenging barriers to energy efficient and cost-optimal renovation of existing buildings is the reluctance of owners to involve in their project as an investor due to the high cost of application. Particularly in developing countries, such reluctance is more tangible as the governments are not capable of providing enough financial incentives for owners due to a large number of buildings that should be renovated and small available budget. A proper solution for the problem is to divide necessary actions for each building to certain sub-actions and apply them as a step-by-step renovation project. On the other hand, the progressive application of renovation activities has some restrictions. It is necessary to define the due amount for households and keep the cost of each step within the payable range. Moreover, the low rate of building renovation which affects the EU goals can be improved remarkably by application of step-by-step actions not only by increasing the number of owners’ contributions but also by improving the time of implementation, proper distribution of skilled labours and directed economic resources. This paper aims to assess the step-by-step application of the energy efficient renovation actions through energy and cost analysis under Turkey’s climatic, economic and sociological conditions. One of 26 reference residential buildings in Turkey is analysed in this paper. The due amount for each step is defined, and some renovation actions and their combinations applied to the case building and the results compared with the base condition. Then a proper combination of measures established based on the cost-optimal analyses. These appropriately combined actions are then divided into some sub-actions; following this, cost and energy studies are conducted again to determine the appropriate arrangement of sub-actions.

PETROLEUM EXPLORATION PREVIEW FOR 1967

1967 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
M. A. Condon
Keyword(s):  
Financial Incentives ◽  
Petroleum Exploration ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
Oil Markets ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Timor Sea ◽  
The Government ◽  
Average Size ◽  
The Cost

Exploration for petroleum in Australia paused in 1966 and this pause is likely to continue in 1967.The number of wells drilled and seismic activity will both be slightly less in 1967 than in 1966, but the work will generally be directed to more specific targets. The cost of exploration will be somewhat higher than in 1966.During the year off-shore drilling should increase and it is expected that five mobile rigs will be drilling in the offshore areas by the end of the year. The immediate structural targets available for these rigs are in the Gippsland, Bass and Otway Basins (Victoria-Tasmania), the North-West Shelf and Timor Sea-Bonaparte Gulf, and in the Gulf of Papua.Onshore exploration will be concentrated in the western Australian basins, the Surat Basin, the central Great Artesian Basin, and the Gidgealpa region of the southwestern Great Artesian Basin.The success or otherwise of the off-shore drilling will determine the rate of exploration over the next few years. If important discoveries are made off-shore, these may and probably would result in more intensive exploration of the same stratigraphic intervals onshore.The exploration patterns of Australia and several other countries before and after first commercial discovery are compared. This indicates that Australian discovery came early, as compared with other countries, where production has developed since the war, but that post-discovery effort in Australia has been very much less. The main obvious differences appear to be that in Australia the average size of the exploration concession is very much larger and the number of operators (having regard to the areas concerned) is much smaller, than in the other successful countries.There has been a gradual movement towards reducing the size of operating areas in Australia either by obligatory relinquihment or by farmout, but if discoveries are to be made at a satisfactory rate more operators are needed in every basin.The economic environment of Australia vis-a-vis Middle East oil and oil markets is probably the main basic reason for the peculiar exploratory pattern, which has impelled the Government to provide financial incentives to encourage exploration and development.

scholarly journals The course from tooth loss to successful rehabilitation with denture: Feelings influenced by socioeconomic status

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 205031211987423
Author(s):  
Lara Melina Leite Lima de Paula ◽  
Aline Araujo Sampaio ◽  
Josué Gomes Costa ◽  
Viviane Elisângela Gomes ◽  
Efigênia Ferreira e Ferreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Health Service ◽  
Tooth Loss ◽  
Public Health Service ◽  
Oral Treatment ◽  
Normal Function ◽  
Complete Dentures ◽  
The Public ◽  
Natural Event

Objective: This study evaluated the perception of users of complete dentures (successful cases) provided by the public health service throughout the course from tooth loss to rehabilitation. Methods: A total of 11 individuals who received their complete dentures through the public health service were interviewed according to a qualitative approach based on three pre-established topics: (1) tooth loss, (2) living without teeth, and (3) living with dentures. The obtained material was submitted to content analysis. Results: Individuals associated the socioeconomic status with lifelong oral health experiences and difficulty to access oral treatment. Tooth loss was the solution to pain and sometimes perceived as a natural event of life. Living without teeth was a negative surprise that resulted in physical and psychological impairments. The period of adaptation to dentures represented suffering and required psychological efforts to be successful. Conclusion: The dentures represented a reward for the suffering and recovered normal function, appearance, and socialization.

scholarly journals Life Cycle Costing Analysis: Tools and Applications for Determining Hydrogen Production Cost for Fuel Cell Vehicle Technology

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 3783 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Khzouz ◽  
Evangelos Gkanas ◽  
Jia Shao ◽  
Farooq Sher ◽  
Dmytro Beherskyi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Water Electrolysis ◽  
Life Cycle Costing ◽  
Fuel Cell Vehicle ◽  
Methane Reforming ◽  
Hydrogen Fuel Cell ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Costing Analysis

This work investigates life cycle costing analysis as a tool to estimate the cost of hydrogen to be used as fuel for Hydrogen Fuel Cell vehicles (HFCVs). The method of life cycle costing and economic data are considered to estimate the cost of hydrogen for centralised and decentralised production processes. In the current study, two major hydrogen production methods are considered, methane reforming and water electrolysis. The costing frameworks are defined for hydrogen production, transportation and final application. The results show that hydrogen production via centralised methane reforming is financially viable for future transport applications. The ownership cost of HFCVs shows the highest cost among other costs of life cycle analysis.

scholarly journals What is the cost of delivering routine vaccinations at GP practices in England? A comparative time-driven activity-based costing analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. 3016-3023
Author(s):  
Tim Crocker-Buque ◽  
Kitty Mohan ◽  
Mary Ramsay ◽  
Michael Edelstein ◽  
Sandra Mounier-Jack
Keyword(s):  
Activity Based Costing ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Costing Analysis
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