scholarly journals Movement patterns of humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) reoccupying a Brazilian breeding ground

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Isabel Carvalho Gonçalves ◽  
Renata Santoro de Sousa-Lima ◽  
Niel Nascimento Teixeira ◽  
Gustavo Henrique Carvalho ◽  
Daniel Danilewicz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Group Composition ◽  
Movement Patterns ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Humpback Whales ◽  
Suitable Habitat ◽  
Behavioral State ◽  
Energy Conserving ◽  
Wintering Area ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Feeding Grounds

Abstract: The population of humpback whales from breeding stock A is increasing, and little is known about the routes used by humpbacks that move north of the main calving area of Brazil, the Abrolhos Bank. The aim of this study was to describe the movements of humpback whales in a reoccupation wintering area (Serra Grande, Bahia state, Brazil) based on land-based surveys to test if movement patterns change during the season and between years, due to group composition, behavioral state, and distance to the coast. The mean leg speed of the groups sighted was 6.88 (±2.92) km/h, and leg speed was positively correlated with distance to the coast. There was an increase in leg speed and distance to the coast with increasing number of escorts in the groups with calves. The mean linearity value for group trajectory was 0.81 (±0.19) and the mean reorientation rate was 25.72 (±19.09) º/min. We observed a predominance of trajectories heading south throughout the study. Groups exhibiting more erratic movements early in the season, and groups moving south showed more linear trajectories than groups moving north, indicating the beginning of their migration back to the feeding grounds. Energy conserving strategies and social context affect the movements of humpback whales in Serra Grande, resulting in the observed patterns of the reoccupation of available and suitable habitat north of Abrolhos. Thereby, special attention should be given managing activities with the potential to disturb or displace whales using the region to calve and breed.

Sex differences in site fidelity and migration of humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) to the Hawaiian Islands

1997 ◽  
Vol 75 (11) ◽  
pp. 1923-1933 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison S. Craig ◽  
Louis M. Herman
Keyword(s):  
Site Fidelity ◽  
Hawaiian Islands ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Megaptera Novaeangliae ◽  
Humpback Whales ◽  
Low Latitude ◽  
Wintering Area ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Feeding Grounds

Humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) perform extensive seasonal migrations between high-latitude summer feeding grounds and low-latitude winter reproductive grounds. To investigate gender-related site fidelity to the Hawaiian Islands, an important wintering area for North Pacific humpback whales, photographically based resight histories of 224 females and 416 males observed in Hawai'i from 1976 through 1991 were compiled. Results indicated that the mean number of years in which they were seen was higher for males than for females, that the probability of an individual being resighted across years was higher for males than for females, and that more males than females were seen in consecutive years. Potential sources of bias favoring the photographic capture of males were considered, but none were judged to be significant contributors to the results obtained. It was proposed instead that not all females undertake or complete the migration to the winter grounds each year. Because of the high energy costs of migration and reproduction, some females may overwinter in high latitudes, while others may become pregnant en route to the area traditionally associated with breeding and return to the feeding grounds before arriving at the terminal winter destination.

scholarly journals Scaling up ideals to freedom: are densities of red knots across western Europe consistent with ideal free distribution?

2011 ◽  
Vol 278 (1719) ◽  
pp. 2728-2736 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gwenaël Quaintenne ◽  
Jan A. van Gils ◽  
Pierrick Bocher ◽  
Anne Dekinga ◽  
Theunis Piersma
Keyword(s):  
Uniform Distribution ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Ideal Free Distribution ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Suitable Habitat ◽  
Distribution Models ◽  
Free Distribution ◽  
Wintering Areas ◽  
Wintering Area ◽  
Suitable Habitats

Local studies have shown that the distribution of red knots Calidris canutus across intertidal mudflats is consistent with the predictions of an ideal distribution, but not a free distribution. Here, we scale up the study of feeding distributions to their entire wintering area in western Europe. Densities of red knots were compared among seven wintering sites in The Netherlands, UK and France, where the available mollusc food stocks were also measured and from where diets were known. We tested between three different distribution models that respectively assumed (i) a uniform distribution of red knots over all areas, (ii) a uniform distribution across all suitable habitat (based on threshold densities of harvestable mollusc prey), and (iii) an ideal and free distribution (IFD) across all suitable habitats. Red knots were not homogeneously distributed across the different European wintering areas, also not when considering suitable habitats only. Their distribution was best explained by the IFD model, suggesting that the birds are exposed to interference and have good knowledge about their resource landscape at the spatial scale of NW Europe, and that the costs of movement between estuaries, at least when averaged over a whole winter, are negligible.

scholarly journals Assessment and comparison of the levels of N-nitrosonornicotine and 4-(n-methyl-n –nitrosamino) -1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone in the saliva of tobacco chewers and non- chewers -a hospital based study

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 66
Author(s):  
Dr Harpreet Kaur Gandhoke ◽  
Dr Vasanti Lagali Jirge ◽  
Dr Anjana Bagewadi
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Smokeless Tobacco ◽  
Statistical Difference ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
P Value ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Tobacco Specific Nitrosamines

Background: Studies estimating the Tobacco- specific nitrosamines, (TSNA’s) which are the strongest carcinogens in the saliva oftobacco users and tobacco quitters, are limited.Objectives: To assess and compare the levels of N- nitrosamines (NNN, NNK) in the saliva of tobacco chewers and non -chewers including those who have quit the habit of tobacco use.Methods: The study included 120 patients who were divided into three groups of 40 each: Group I- Smokeless tobacco chewersGroup II- Tobacco chewers who have completely stopped the habit at least 2 weeks prior to sample collection andGroup III- non-chewers. The salivary levels of two tobacco specific nitrosamines; NNN & NNK levels were estimated in the three study groups. Statistical analysis was done by Kruskal– Wallis, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) test, Mann-Whitney U test. (p-value < 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant)Results: In Group I, the mean level of NNN was 651.84 ± 359.78 and mean level of NNK was 168.32 ± 131.83. In Group II, the mean level of NNN was 119.52 ± 95.05 and mean level of NNK was 42.78 ± 43.19. In Group III, the mean level of NNN was 3.44 ±6.55 and mean level of NNK was 1.98 ± 3.68. There was a statistical difference in the 3 groups with respect to mean levels of NNN and NNK.Conclusion: The study indicated that salivary tobacco-specific nitrosamines are elevated in tobacco chewers. Saliva can be used to detect TSNA’s and screen for TSNA’s during each patient’s de-addiction process.  

scholarly journals Efficacy of intrathecal midazolam on enhancing analgesic effect of fentanyl in patients undergoing lower limb surgery

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
pp. 2726-2732
Author(s):  
Masoum Khoshfetrat ◽  
Sima Davarpanah ◽  
Aliakbar Keykha
Keyword(s):  
Nerve Block ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Analgesic Effect ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Sensory Nerve ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
The Third ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Lower Limb Surgery ◽  
The Mean

Background: Co-administration of drugs with synergistic effects is considered as one of the methods to increase the effectiveness of intrathecal anesthesia and to reduce the need for injectable analgesics. The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy of intrathecal midazolam on enhancing the analgesic effect of fentanyl in patients undergoing lower limb surgery. Materials: The present double-blinded clinical trial was conducted on 90 candidate patients undergoing lower limb orthopedic surgery in 2017 at Khatam-Al-Anbiya Hospital in the city of Zahedan, Iran. To this end, the patients were selected via convenience sampling method and then randomly divided into three groups. Afterwards, 3 cc of 0.5% hyperbaric Marcaine was injected intrathecally in the first group, 3 cc of Marcaine + 25 ug of fentanyl was administered to the second group, and 3 cc of Marcaine + 25 ug of fentanyl + 1 mg of midazolam was administered to the third group (the final volume of all three syringes was brought up to 3.7 cc with normal saline). The duration of sensory nerve block and those of motor block and analgesia, as well as changes in vital signs, were then measured in these groups. Moreover, the data were analyzed using SPSS Statistics (Version 22.0) through Chi-square test and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results: The mean age and gender distribution of the patients in the three study groups did not differ significantly. The mean duration of sensory nerve block was equal to 98.6+/-11.1 min in the first group, 142.2+/-12.4 min in the second group, and 174.3+/-10.9 min in the third group; all showed a statistically significant difference (P=0.0001, P=0.001, P=0.000).The mean duration of analgesia was also reported to be 204.43+/-0.3 min in the first group, 323.62+/-7.4 min in the second group, and 526.22+/-0.9 min in the third group, indicating a statistically significant difference between the three study groups (P=0.0001, P=0.000, P=000). Conclusion: The results of this study demonstrated that adding midazolam to intrathecal fentanyl could significantly increase the duration of sensory nerve block and that of post-operative analgesia.  

scholarly journals Behavior of humpback whales, Megaptera novaeangliae (Cetacea: Balaenopteridae): comparisons between two coastal areas of Brazil

2008 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana G. Lunardi ◽  
Márcia H. Engel ◽  
Regina H. F. Macedo
Keyword(s):  
Group Composition ◽  
Coastal Areas ◽  
Reproductive Period ◽  
The State ◽  
Megaptera Novaeangliae ◽  
Humpback Whales ◽  
Behavior Patterns ◽  
Northern Coast ◽  
Behavioral Differences

Behavior of humpback whales was observed during the reproductive period off the northern coast of the state of Bahia (NB, n = 378 groups) and at the Abrolhos Bank (AB, n = 919) to compare patterns and group composition between the two locations. Alone individuals and dyads were most often encountered in both areas, although mother-calf pairs were more common in AB. While these two regions comprise distinct concentrations of humpback whales, with intrinsic environmental differences, behavior patterns were quite similar. The only behavioral differences found where for "tail up" and "resting". The patterns found here may reflect differences in the protection status of the areas or intrinsic environmental differences.

scholarly journals Correlation between Duration of Oral Contraceptives and Hypercoagulability in Bangladeshi Women

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (Number 1) ◽  
pp. 21-26
Author(s):  
Samsunnahar ◽  
Q S Akhter ◽  
N Akhter ◽  
K Sultana ◽  
Md. Atiquzzaman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Contraceptives ◽  
Oral Contraceptive Pill ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Prolonged Duration ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Student’S T

This study was done to assess the hypercoagulability and the risk of thromboembolism in women taking oral contraceptive pill for prolonged period of time. This cross sectional study was done in the department of Physiology, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka from Jan 2012 to Dec 2012. Ninety female subjects with the age range from 25-45 years, were taken as a study population. Among them, 60 women taking oral contraceptives for prolonged period of time ( > 1 years) were included for the study group and age matched 30 women of OCP nonusers were taken as a control. Study subjects were divided into two groups according to their duration of oral pill use: group BI ( 1 to 5 years users) were 30 women and group B2 ( >5 to 10 years users) were 30 women. Prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time were estimated in all groups. Statistical analysis was done by unpaired Student's ? t' test and Pearson's Correlation Coefficient test. In this study, the mean (*SD) PT levels in group B1 & B2 were shortened than that of group A which were statistically highly significant (P < 0.001). Within the study groups, PT levels were positively correlated (r=+0.027) with the group B1 and negatively correlated (r= -0.163) with the group B2. But both the relationships were statistically non significant. The mean (+SD) AM' level in group B1 was shortened than that of group A but the result was not statistically significant. The mean (*SD) AM' level in group B2 was shortened than that of group A but the result was statistically highly significant (P<0.001). Within the study groups, APPT levels were negatively correlated with the group B1 (r= -0.268) and also group B2 (r= -0.122). But both the relationships were statistically non significant. My present study revealed that prolonged duration of OCP use ( at least for 5 years) increases the risk of hypercoagulable state and thromboembolism in women.

scholarly journals Comparative Evaluation of C-reactive Proteins in Pregnant Women with and without Periodontal Pathologies: A Prospective Cohort Analysis

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 480-483
Author(s):  
Padmakanth Mannava ◽  
Sunil Gokhale ◽  
Sudarshan Pujari ◽  
Krishna P Biswas ◽  
Satish Kaliappan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Comparative Evaluation ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Cohort Analysis ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Periodontal Index ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy ◽  
Two Parameters

ABSTRACT Introduction Inflammation of tooth supporting structures is referred to as periodontitis. C-reactive proteins (CRP) levels are usually increased in case of chronic inflammatory process like periodontitis. Association of CRP with pregnancy has been observed in the past, which includes most commonly preterm delivery, preeclampsia, etc. Therefore, it can be hypothesized that CRP may act as a link between periodontitis and adverse pregnancy outcomes. Hence, we aim to evaluate the plasma CRP levels in pregnant women with and without periodontal pathologies. Materials and methods The study included 210 pregnant women who reported to the hospital with periodontal problems and for routine checkups. All the patients were divided into three groups based on the presence and absence of periodontal pathologies. Russell's Periodontal Index Score was used for the evaluation of periodontal status of the subjects. Results While comparing the mean CRP levels in all the three study groups, statistically significant results were obtained. Statistically significant results were obtained while comparing the mean CRP levels in group C patients before treatment and after treatment therapy. The CRP levels were estimated by taking blood samples. Paired t-test and one-way analysis of variance was used to assess the correlation between the two parameters. Conclusion Casual association might exist between the CRP levels and periodontal diseases in pregnant women and the CRP levels may also get elevated in pregnant women. How to cite this article Mannava P, Gokhale S, Pujari S, Biswas KP, Kaliappan S, V Shashank. Comparative Evaluation of C-reactive Proteins in Pregnant Women with and without Periodontal Pathologies: A Prospective Cohort Analysis. J Contemp Dent Pract 2016;17(6):480-483.

Cryptic vocal behavior of foraging humpback whales on feeding grounds in West Greenland

2021 ◽  
Vol 150 (4) ◽  
pp. 2879-2887
Author(s):  
Simone K. A. Videsen ◽  
Malene Simon ◽  
Mark Johnson ◽  
Peter Teglberg Madsen ◽  
Fredrik Christiansen
Keyword(s):  
Humpback Whales ◽  
Vocal Behavior ◽  
West Greenland ◽  
Feeding Grounds

scholarly journals 2D-Shear Wave Elastography in the Evaluation of Parathyroid Lesions in Patients with Hyperparathyroidism

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ioana Golu ◽  
Ioan Sporea ◽  
Lavinia Moleriu ◽  
Anca Tudor ◽  
Marioara Cornianu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parathyroid Adenoma ◽  
Shear Wave ◽  
Thyroid Tissue ◽  
Shear Wave Elastography ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Tertiary Hyperparathyroidism ◽  
A Value ◽  
Parathyroid Lesions ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Thyroid Parenchyma

Background and Aims. 2D-shear wave elastography (2D-SWE) is a relatively new elastographic technique. The aim of the present study is to determine the values of the elasticity indexes (EI) measured by 2D-SWE in parathyroid benign lesions (adenomas or hyperplasia) and to establish if this investigation is helpful for the preoperative identification of the parathyroid adenoma. Material and Methods. The study groups were represented by 22 patients with primary or tertiary hyperparathyroidism, diagnosed by specific tests, and 43 healthy controls, in whom the thyroid parenchyma was evaluated, in order to compare the EI of the thyroid tissue with those of the parathyroid lesions. Results. The mean EI measured by 2D-SWE in the parathyroid lesions was 10.2 ± 4.9 kPa, significantly lower than that of the normal thyroid parenchyma (19.5 ± 7.6 kPa; p=0.007), indicating soft tissue. For a cutoff value of 12.5 kPa, the EI assessed by 2D-SWE had a sensitivity of 93% and a specificity of 86% (AUC = 0.949; p<0.001) for predicting parathyroid lesions. Conclusion. A value lower than 12.5 kPa for the mean EI measured by 2D-SWE can be used to confirm that the lesion/nodule is a parathyroid adenoma.

Movement patterns by Egernia napoleonis following reintroduction into restored jarrah forest

2011 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 475 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimberley Christie ◽  
Michael D. Craig ◽  
Vicki L. Stokes ◽  
Richard J. Hobbs
Keyword(s):  
Coarse Woody Debris ◽  
Woody Debris ◽  
Movement Patterns ◽  
Habitat Requirements ◽  
Management Technique ◽  
Suitable Habitat ◽  
Management Option ◽  
Jarrah Forest ◽  
Habitat Specialists ◽  
Almost All

Context The value of animal reintroduction as a conservation tool is debated. This is largely because the limited quantity of research that has been conducted on animal reintroductions has shown varying degrees of success in establishing new populations. The reasons why some reintroductions are successful, whereas others are not, are often not clear. Aims The present research aims to determine whether reptile reintroduction into restored mine pits is a potential management technique for managing and conserving reptile populations within a mined landscape. Methods Twelve Napoleon’s skinks were trapped then fitted with 0.9-g transmitters. Half were reintroduced into 5-year-old restored mine pits and the other half into unmined forest. Bodyweights, movement patterns and macro-habitat selection were recorded weekly during November and then monthly until March. Key results Skinks reintroduced into restored sites quickly moved into unmined forest. Both groups of skinks moved large distances, but those reintroduced into restored sites travelled further than did control skinks and took longer to reduce their distances travelled, showing possible stress as a result of release into unsuitable habitat. Eventually, almost all skinks found suitable habitat in unmined forest and settled into these areas while continuing to gain weight. Conclusions Reintroduction was an ineffective technique for facilitating colonisation of restored minesites by Napoleon’s skink. Lack of suitable micro-habitats within restoration areas, such as ground logs and coarse, woody debris piles, is likely limiting the use of these areas by Napoleon’s skinks and is likely to be the cause of their failure to remain or settle in restored sites after reintroduction. Implications Determining the habitat requirements of skinks and replicating this in restoration sites would seem the more appropriate management option than is reintroduction, and this may be the case for other reptiles and habitat specialists.

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