Presence of ascites in bullfrog breeders reared and kept on a frog farm

ABSTRACT Ascites is a pathology characterized by the extravasation of fluid from blood vessels and its accumulation in the abdominal cavity, caused by several associated factors. In this paper, we report the occurrence of this syndrome in breeding male and female Bullfrogs fed a commercial fish feed with 40% crude protein. Liver malformation was already observed due to lack of protein deposition in adult animals from the same spawning. The culture of ascitic fluid showed absence of bacterial growth. Kidney histopathology showed, in both sexes, a large number of tubular structures with strongly eosinophilic hyaline material suggesting colloid growth in both the cortical region and spinal cord. The analysis also revealed granulomas in various stages of development, many showing central necrotic material. The kidneys, glomerular, were mostly hypoplastic, with enlarged Bowman space, and many were hyalinized or hemorrhagic; the parenchyma showed dystrophic calcification, and many tubules containing fibrinoid material. The liver displayed a large amount of melanomacrophages in the parenchyma and foci of mono-lymphocytic hepatitis and marked cytoplasmic rarefaction, as well as several hepatocytes with pyknotic nuclei and necrotic cells and dissociation of the hepatic trabeculae. Ascites may be caused by the lesions observed in these organs.

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Comparative analysis of nutritional quality of different fish feed available in greater Noakhali region, Bangladesh

Asian-Australasian Journal of Food Safety and Security ◽

10.3329/aajfss.v3i1.55921 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 1-14

Author(s):

Mir Abu Nayeem ◽

Amir Hossain ◽

Mahidi Hossen Hannan ◽

Subrata Mondal

Keyword(s):

Comparative Analysis ◽

Nutritional Quality ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Fish Nutrition ◽

Fish Feed ◽

Crude Lipid ◽

Commercial Fish ◽

Nutritive Values ◽

Feed Samples

An experiment was carried out to comparative analysis of nutritional quality of different fish feed from different feed dealers and industries in greater Noakhali region and to compare the values with those provided by the manufacturers. The feed samples were collected from different feed industries and dealer's shop of these region. Feed samples were collected during 10 August to 5 September, 2016. The collected feed samples were stored and analyzed in the Fish Nutrition Laboratory of the Department of Aquaculture in the Faculty of Fisheries, Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU), Mymensingh for proximate composition (moisture, ash, crude protein, crude lipid, crude fiber, carbohydrate) following standard methods. Results showed that there was significant variation between analyzed and company provided nutritive values of different feeds. Some feed samples have low moisture level (difference 0.7 to 3.3%). Ash content of the experimental samples also show a variety of results compared to their labeled composition. Only some feed have more values to the company provided values, such as, Mega starter (12.13%) and Bengal grower (12.75) proportion with 12%. Some feed contains more difference range of 6.01% more than labeled values is RP feed (20.01%). Maximum feed samples had lower crude protein (difference 0.05 to 4.65%) than the company provided protein values. However, only crude protein of Bengal finisher (29.95%) and Aftab grower (28.07%) feeds were found to be almost same to the company provided nutritive values (30% and 28%). The lipid, ash and carbohydrates contents of the experimental samples also have a difference range. The highest lipid values are available in Provita starter (9.76%) and lowest values containing feed Setu grower (4.33%). The highest carbohydrates content in the feed Provita starter (36.84%). The findings of this study demonstrated that low quality commercial fish feeds were supplied to the fish farmers by majority of feed companies. Therefore, the study will generate some information to the farmers which will help to choose the best feed for their aquaculture production. Asian Australas. J. Food Saf. Secur. 2019, 3(1), 1-14

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PENGGUNAAN SLUDGE SEBAGAI PAKAN CALON INDUK IKAN NILA MERAH (Oreochromis sp.)

Jurnal Perikanan Universitas Gadjah Mada ◽

10.22146/jfs.9033 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 11

Author(s):

Rustidja Rustidja

Keyword(s):

Growth Rate ◽

Survival Rate ◽

Specific Growth ◽

Control Group ◽

Fish Feed ◽

Commercial Fish ◽

Gonadal Maturation ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Maturation Index

The aim of study was to know the effect of sludge in the ration on the gonadal growth of Oreochromis sp. broodstock. Experimental design used in this experiment was completely Randomized Design. The broodstocks were fed with the ration containing 0-40% of sludge, or with a commercial fish feed as a control.The results were not significantly differences between the treatment in all parameters. The sludge in ration ranging from 0 to 40% resulted the level of gonadal maturation of 4, 6, 7, dan 9. The value of Gonadal Maturation Index on 0,96 to 3,98 % and the control group on 1,75 %. The specific growth rate of broodstock fed with the ration ranged from 1,1 to 1,62 Bw/day and that of the development of gonadal control group was 1,97. The survival rate were variated between 14,29 to 100% and that of the development of gonadal control group is 71,43%. The ration containing 40% sludge is the most suitable feed for maturation in Oreochromis.

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The effects of fish oil supplementation to dairy cattle on milk fat content and composition

BSAP Occasional Publication ◽

10.1017/s1463981500040863 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 25 ◽

pp. 275-282

Author(s):

T.W.J. Keady ◽

C.S. Mayne

Keyword(s):

Fish Oil ◽

Milk Fat ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Design Experiment ◽

Early Lactation ◽

Human Diet ◽

Commercial Fish ◽

Lactating Dairy Cows ◽

Fish Oil Supplementation ◽

Degradable Protein

AbstractA partially balanced changeover design experiment was undertaken to evaluate the effects of level of fish oil inclusion in the diet on milk fat concentration and composition when offered to 50 lactating dairy cows in early lactation, which were offered either 5 or 10 kg concentrates/cow/day. Concentrates were formulated to contain similar concentrations of crude protein (CP), effective rumen degradable protein (ERDP) digestible undegradable protein and starch and to provide 0 (T0), 150 (T150), 300 (T300) or 450 (T450) g fish oil/cow/day or 300 g (T300B) fish oil/cow/day from a commercial fish oil premix. All animals were offered 5 kg treatment concentrate in two equal feeds through the in-parlour feeder at each milking. Additionally, cows offered the higher level of concentrates received a further 5 kg of T0 concentrate in two equal feeds per day through out-of-parlour feeders. Increasing the level of fish oil increased milk yield (P<0.01) and decreased the concentrations of fat (P<0.001) and protein (P<0.001). Increasing the level of fish oil decreased the concentrations of C6:0, C8:0, C10:0, C16:0, C14:0 and C18:0 and increased the concentrations of C18:1t, C20:0, C20:1, C20:4w6, C18:2c, C23:0, C20:5w3 and C18:2t. Relative to T300, T300B significantly decreased the concentrations of C20:4w6, but did not alter any of the other fatty acids. The transfer from feed to milk of EPA and DHA averaged 0.61 and 0.19 respectively across the three levels of fish oil supplementation. For T300 the efficiency of transfer of EPA was higher while the efficiency of transfer of DHA was lower to that for T300B. It is concluded that increasing fish oil supplementation decreased milk fat concentration by up to 15 g/kg. Also feeding fish oil is an efficient method of increasing EPA in the human diet through transfer into milk.

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Occurrence of Fungi and Fungal Toxins in Fish Feed during Storage

Toxins ◽

10.3390/toxins12030171 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (3) ◽

pp. 171

Author(s):

Constanze Pietsch ◽

Georg Müller ◽

Sulayman Mourabit ◽

Simon Carnal ◽

Kasun Bandara

Keyword(s):

Relative Humidity ◽

Ochratoxin A ◽

Short Duration ◽

Storage Conditions ◽

Fish Feed ◽

Fungal Contamination ◽

Commercial Fish ◽

Fungal Toxins ◽

Fish Feeds

Periods of unfavorable storing conditions can lead to changes in the quality of fish feeds, as well as the development of relevant mycotoxins. In the present study, a commercial fish feed was stored under defined conditions for four weeks. The main findings indicate that even storing fish feeds under unsuitable conditions for a short duration leads to a deterioration in quality. Mycotoxin and fungal contamination were subsequently analyzed. These investigations confirmed that different storage conditions can influence the presence of fungi and mycotoxins on fish feed. Notably, ochratoxin A (OTA) was found in samples after warm (25 °C) and humid (>60% relative humidity) treatment. This confirms the importance of this compound as a typical contaminant of fish feed and reveals how fast this mycotoxin can be formed in fish feed during storage.

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Effect of feeding level and dietary protein content on the growth, body composition and rate of protein deposition in pigs growing from 45 to 90 kg

Animal Science ◽

10.1017/s0003356100002221 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 38 (2) ◽

pp. 233-240 ◽

Cited By ~ 62

Author(s):

R. G. Campbell ◽

M. R. Taverner ◽

D. M. Curic

Keyword(s):

Energy Intake ◽

Body Fat ◽

Protein Intake ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Energy Content ◽

Live Weight ◽

Feeding Level ◽

Protein Deposition ◽

Dietary Crude Protein ◽

Protein Diets

ABSTRACT1. Eight diets of similar energy content, ranging in crude protein concentration from 95 to 256 g/kg, were given at either 2·5 or 3·2 times the energy level for maintenance to entire male pigs growing from 45 to 90 kg live weight.2. Growth rate improved with increase in feeding level and with increasing dietary crude protein up to 164 g/kg (P < 0·05). The food conversion ratio improved with each increase in dietary CP up to 186 and 164 g/kg on the lower and higher feeding treatments, respectively (P < 0·05). It was also improved with increase in level of feeding of the lower-protein diets but deteriorated with increase in level of intake of the higher-protein diets (P < 005).3. Rate of protein deposition improved with increasing dietary crude protein up to 186 and 164 g/kg on the lower and higher feeding treatments, respectively (P < 005). The results showed that, for pigs given diets deficient in crude protein, rate of protein deposition was linearly related to protein intake (P < 0·001) but independent of energy intake. For pigs given a diet adequate in crude protein, rate of protein deposition was related to energy intake and independent of crude protein intake.4. Body fat content at 90 kg decreased with increasing dietary crude protein up to 210 and 164 g/kg on the lower and higher feeding treatments, respectively (P < 0·05), and was increased by raising the level of intake of the higher-crude protein diets (P < 0·05). However, the influence of feeding level on body fat diminished as dietary crude protein was reduced.

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The effect of heat on amino acids for growing pigs

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1079/bjn19940027 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 72 (2) ◽

pp. 243-256 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

R. J. Van Barneveld ◽

E. S. Batterham ◽

B. W. Norton

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Growing Pigs ◽

Quadratic Effect ◽

Ileal Digestibility ◽

Protein Deposition ◽

Growing Pig ◽

Field Peas ◽

Forced Air ◽

Growth Experiments

Two growth experiments were conducted to determine the effect of heat on the utilization of ileal-digestible lysine from field peas (Pisum sativum cultivar Dundale) fed to growing pigs. Five lysine-deficient diets (0.36 g ileal-digestible lysine/MJ digestible energy (DE)) were formulated using raw field peas, and field peas heated to either 110°, 135°, 150°, or 165° for 15 min respectively in a forced-air dehydrator. Additional diets were formulated with supplements of free lysine to verify that lysine was limiting in the diets containing the raw peas, and peas heated to 150° or 165°. The growth performance and retention of ileal-digestible lysine by pigs given the diets was determined over the 20–45 kg growth phase. Heat had a significant quadratic effect (P < 0.01) on growth rate, with responses declining from 543 g/d with pigs given the raw peas, to 407 g/d for those given the peas heated to 165°. Similarly, crude protein deposition declined in a quadratic manner (P < 0.001) from 76 to 36 g/d for pigs fed on raw peas and peas heated to 165° respectively. Retention of ileal-digestible lysine was 0.85 in the pigs given the raw field peas and declined in a quadratic manner (P < 0.001) with the application of heat to 0.48 in those pigs given the peas heated to 165°. Pigs fed on field peas heated to 165° had increased (P < 0.05) liver weights. The results indicate that heat applied to protein concentrates, even at mild temperatures, renders lysine in a form that is apparently absorbed but inefficiently utilized by the growing pig. Consequently, ileal digestibility values for lysine in heat-processed meals are unsuitable for diet formulations.

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Standardized ileal digestible (SID) isoleucine requirement of barrows (15- to 30- kg) fed low crude protein diets

Semina Ciências Agrárias ◽

10.5433/1679-0359.2017v38n5p3283 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 38 (5) ◽

pp. 3283

Author(s):

Doglas Batista Lazzeri ◽

Leandro Dalcin Castilha ◽

Patrícia Barcellos Costa ◽

Ricardo Vianna Nunes ◽

Magali Soares dos Santos Pozza ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Crude Protein ◽

Block Design ◽

Average Daily Gain ◽

Basal Diet ◽

Experimental Unit ◽

Optimum Level ◽

Initial Weight ◽

Protein Deposition ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Protein Diets

This study aimed to determine the SID isoleucine (Ile) requirement of starting barrows fed low crude protein. Two experiments were carried out. Experiment 1: Ten crossbred barrows were used in order to determine the SID AA of the basal diet (treatment with the lowest SID Ile level used in the growth performance experiment), averaging 15.00 ± 0.27 kg of initial weight, individually housed in metabolic cages and allotted in a complete randomized design, with two treatments, five replicates and one animal per experimental unit. Treatments consisted of a basal (14.13% CP and 0.450% of SID Ile) and a free protein diet. Experiment 2: A performance experiment was carried out to determine the SID Ile requirement when using low crude protein diets. Forty crossbred barrows were used, averaging 15.00 ± 0.87 kg of initial weight and distributed in a randomized block design with five treatments (0.450, 0.520, 0.590, 0.660 and 0.730% of SID Ile) and two animals per experimental unit. The average daily gain (ADG) (P=0.049) and protein deposition (P=0.01) were affected by the studied SID Ile levels. The daily need of SID Ile was estimated at 5.9 g when considering 0.61% as the optimum level of SID Ile in the diet for an improved ADG and protein deposition.

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Occurrence of Deoxynivalenol and Zearalenone in Commercial Fish Feed: An Initial Study

Toxins ◽

10.3390/toxins5010184 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 184-192 ◽

Cited By ~ 64

Author(s):

Constanze Pietsch ◽

Susanne Kersten ◽

Patricia Burkhardt-Holm ◽

Hana Valenta ◽

Sven Dänicke

Keyword(s):

Initial Study ◽

Fish Feed ◽

Commercial Fish

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Genetic Relatedness of Salmonella Serovars Isolated from Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) and Tilapia (Tilapia mossambica) Obtained from Wet Markets and Ponds in Penang, Malaysia

Journal of Food Protection ◽

10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-15-372 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 79 (4) ◽

pp. 659-665 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

TITIK BUDIATI ◽

GULAM RUSUL ◽

WAN NADIAH WAN-ABDULLAH ◽

LI-OON CHUAH ◽

ROSMA AHMAD ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Relatedness ◽

Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽

Clarias Gariepinus ◽

Fish Feed ◽

Commercial Fish ◽

Tilapia Mossambica ◽

Rapd Pcr ◽

Salmonella Serovars ◽

Relationship Of ◽

Repetitive Extragenic Palindromic Pcr

ABSTRACT A total of 43 Salmonella enterica isolates belonging to different serovars (Salmonella Albany, Salmonella Agona, Salmonella Corvallis, Salmonella Stanley, Salmonella Typhimurium, Salmonella Mikawasima, and Salmonella Bovis-morbificans) were isolated from catfish (Clarias gariepinus) and tilapia (Tilapia mossambica) obtained from nine wet markets and eight ponds in Penang, Malaysia. Thirteen, 19, and 11 isolates were isolated from 9 of 32 catfish, 14 of 32 tilapia, and 11 of 44 water samples, respectively. Fish reared in ponds were fed chicken offal, spoiled eggs, and commercial fish feed. The genetic relatedness of these Salmonella isolates was determined by random amplified polymorphic DNA PCR (RAPD-PCR) using primer OPC2, repetitive extragenic palindromic PCR (REP-PCR), and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Composite analysis of the RAPD-PCR, REP-PCR, and PFGE results showed that the Salmonella serovars could be differentiated into six clusters and 15 singletons. RAPD-PCR differentiated the Salmonella isolates into 11 clusters and 10 singletons, while REP-PCR differentiated them into 4 clusters and 1 singleton. PFGE differentiated the Salmonella isolates into seven clusters and seven singletons. The close genetic relationship of Salmonella isolates from catfish or tilapia obtained from different ponds, irrespective of the type of feed given, may be caused by several factors, such as the quality of the water, density of fish, and size of ponds.

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Hematological responses of tambaqui Colossoma macropomum (Serrassalmidae) fed with diets supplemented with essential oil from Mentha piperita (Lamiaceae) and challenged with Aeromonas hydrophila

Acta Amazonica ◽

10.1590/1809-4392201501284 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 46 (1) ◽

pp. 99-106 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Suzana Cardoso RIBEIRO ◽

Antonielson Silva CASTELO ◽

Bruna Marjara Picanço da SILVA ◽

Andreza da Silva CUNHA ◽

Aldo Aparecido PROIETTI JÚNIOR ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Aeromonas Hydrophila ◽

Hemoglobin Concentration ◽

Mentha Piperita ◽

Control Group ◽

Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin ◽

Fish Feed ◽

Commercial Fish ◽

Protein Levels ◽

Hematological And Biochemical Parameters

ABSTRACTIn fish farmings, diseases can be reduced by using immunostimulants. The aim of this study was to evaluate the immunostimulant potential of Mentha piperita in tambaqui fed with 0, 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5% of oil per kg of commercial fish feed. The fish were inoculated with Aeromonas hydrophila to challenge them. Hematological and biochemical parameters were determined after 30 days of feeding and seven days after the challenge. There was no mortality and M. piperita oil did not influence fish production parameters. However, blood hemoglobin concentration (Hb) increased in the fish fed with 0.5 and 1.5% of oil per kg of diet; albumin increased in those fed with 1.0%; cholesterol increased in all groups with oil; and triglycerides increased in those fed with 0.5%. After the bacterial challenge, the fish showed decreases in Hb when fed with diet enriched with 1.5% oil per kg of diet, in mean corpuscular volume with 1.0% and in mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration with 0 and 1.5%. Protein levels increased in groups with 0 and 1.5% of oil and albumin when fed with 0 and 1.0%; cholesterol levels increased in the control group; and high levels of triglycerides were observed in the groups with 0, 0.5 and 1.5%. Thus, M. piperita essential oil promoted hematological alterations in tambaqui and can be recommended in diets containing up to 1.0% per kg, because of the minimal physiological modifications caused. However, additional studies are necessary to obtain more information regarding to the physiological effects of this immunostimulant.

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