Oral mucosa transplantation may improve tear film osmolarity in dogs with keratoconjunctivitis sicca - a preliminary study

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the use of cyclosporine 1% alone or associated with oral mucosa transplantation (OMT) in dogs with dry keratoconjunctivitis (KCS). Schirmer Tear Test (STT-1) and Tear Film Osmolarity (TFO) were measured in both eyes of 30 adult dogs (before and 45 days after treatment. The animals were divided into three groups (10 dogs for group): control (normal dogs), group I (GI, treated with 1% cyclosporine alone), and group II (GII, treated with 1% cyclosporine and OMT). All STT-1 and TFO values were subjected to the Shapiro-Wilk normality test, and all were normally distributed. STT-1 and TFO values before and after treatment were subjected to the T-Student Test. The STT‐1 and TFO values of the right eye were subjected to Repeated Measures ANOVA followed by a Tukey Test for comparison between groups I and II. Means with a value of p≤0.05 were considered significant. There was a decreased osmolarity in both groups after treatment. Mean osmolarity in GII (322.60±16.56 mOsm/L) was significantly lower than GI (336.40±5.66 mOsm/L). The OMT associated with cyclosporine 1% improved the osmolarity of the tear film in dogs with KCS with a seeming synergism between the clinical and surgical treatments.

Download Full-text

How Can Different Polishing Timing Influence Methacrylate and Dimethacrylate Bulk Fill Composites? Evaluation of Chemical and Physical Properties

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2020/1965818 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Riccardo Monterubbianesi ◽

Vincenzo Tosco ◽

Simona Sabbatini ◽

Giulia Orilisi ◽

Carla Conti ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Surface Morphology ◽

Vickers Microhardness ◽

Scanning Electron Micrographs ◽

Regular Surface ◽

Significance Level ◽

Group I ◽

Before And After ◽

The Right ◽

Group D ◽

Composite Samples

The polishing procedure is commonly performed after direct composite restorations, and little information exists regarding the right timing during which it should be performed on bulk fill composites. This study investigated the effect of polishing timing on the degree of conversion (DC), Vickers microhardness (VMH), and surface morphology of a methacrylate- (MET-) and dimethacrylate- (DMET-) based bulk fill composite, by using FT-NIR, microhardness tester, and SEM. Composite samples were divided as follows: in Group I (immediate), samples were polished immediately after curing (t0); in Group D (delayed), samples were polished after 24 h from curing (t24), whereas the unpolished samples were considered as controls (Group C). The DC and VMH values were evaluated before and after polishing, at t0 and t24. Statistical analysis was performed with a significance level set at p<0.05. At t0, DC increased after polishing in both tested composites (p<0.05), while at t24, Group I and Group D were not different. By considering VMH, in the case of MET, all groups were not different both at t0 and t24. On the other hand, at t0, VMH values of DMET increased after polishing. At t24, DMET Group I and DMET Group D were not different. Qualitative evaluations of scanning electron micrographs showed that the surface morphology of MET presented a more irregular aspect than the DMET one. In summary, since the immediate polishing of MET can improve the DC, without negatively affecting VMH, but showing an irregular surface, it is suggested to wait 24 hours before proceeding with polishing. Otherwise, for DMET, the immediate polishing could definitively be recommended, since it improves both DC and VMH, also producing a regular surface. Therefore, clinicians may always safely polish a restoration performed using DMET-based bulk fill composites in one-chair appointment, avoiding a second appointment.

Download Full-text

Comparative clinical evaluation of tacrolimus and cyclosporine eye drops for the treatment of canine keratoconjunctivitis sicca

Acta Veterinaria Hungarica ◽

10.1556/004.2016.030 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 64 (3) ◽

pp. 313-329 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Krzysztof Radziejewski ◽

Ireneusz Balicki

Keyword(s):

Clinical Study ◽

Clinical Evaluation ◽

Statistical Data ◽

Clinical Symptoms ◽

Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca ◽

Eye Drops ◽

Group I ◽

Schirmer Tear Test ◽

Advanced Stages ◽

Clinical Cases

The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of tacrolimus eye drops in alleviating the clinical symptoms of canine keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS) and to compare this efficacy with that of cyclosporine. The clinical study was conducted on 40 dogs diagnosed with idiopathic KCS. The dogs were divided into two groups of 20 animals each. In Group I, 0.75% cyclosporine eye drops were administered three times a day, while in Group II 0.02% tacrolimus eye drops were given twice daily. In addition, each group was subdivided into three subgroups based on the results of Schirmer tear test I (STT I). Clinical and ophthalmologic examinations were performed prior to the treatment as well as after one and two months of therapy. The application of both tacrolimus and cyclosporine resulted in a significant reduction of neovascularisation after the first and second month of treatment (P < 0.05, P < 0.001); however, in moderate and advanced stages, the observed efficacy of tacrolimus was higher. Across all patients, a significant increase in STT I values was observed after both the first and second month of treatment with tacrolimus (P < 0.01), as well as after two months of treatment with cyclosporine (P < 0.05). In both groups, some patients were observed to exhibit inhibited development of pigmentation, but an analysis of particular clinical cases and statistical data revealed no statistically significant discrepancies in the course of the study. In cases of advanced canine KCS, the efficacy of tacrolimus may be higher than that of cyclosporine.

Download Full-text

EFFECTS OF AUTOLOGOUS SERUM EYE DROPS FOR TREATMENT OF KERATOCONJUNCTIVITIS SICCA IN DOGS

Taiwan Veterinary Journal ◽

10.1142/s1682648518500051 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 44 (03) ◽

pp. 111-117

Author(s):

Han-Syuan Lin ◽

Shiun-Long Lin ◽

Feng-Jen Chang

Keyword(s):

Clinical Symptoms ◽

Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca ◽

Tear Film ◽

Autologous Serum ◽

Eye Drops ◽

Film Stability ◽

Staining Score ◽

Schirmer Tear Test ◽

The Status ◽

Ocular Surface Health

In humans, autologous serum (AS) eye drops has been applied for the treatment of refractory keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS) for several decades. However, there are few researches to investigate the AS eye drops in dogs with KCS. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of AS eye drops on treatment of KCS in dogs. Eighteen eyes of ten client-owned dogs with refractory KCS were used in this study. Schirmer tear test (STT), tear film breakup time (TBUT), fluorescein (FL) staining score, and Rose Bengal (RB) staining score were used to measure the status of cornea prospectively at baseline and 1–3 months after treatment. Additionally, the results were further stratified by their STT value, sex, and age. The results indicated that the mean TBUT, FL staining score, and RB staining score were significantly improved after treatment except STT. In 18 eyes, 77.8% eyes had decreased mucopurulent ocular discharge and 38.9% eyes got wet. Besides, both TBUT and RB staining score were significantly improved in a subgroup of dogs with age less than 9 years old. As far as we know, this study is the first trial to determine the efficacy and safety of 20% AS eye drops for cKCS. In conclusion, AS eye drops seemed to be effective and safe for dogs with KCS, and it could improve tear film stability, ocular surface health, and subjective clinical symptoms, especially in dogs younger than 9 years old.

Download Full-text

Comparison of Canine Overlap in Pediatric Patients Requiring Stainless Steel Crown Placement Under General Anesthesia Before and After the Procedure

Frontiers in Dentistry ◽

10.18502/fid.v16i1.1113 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Sara Ghadimi ◽

Bahman Seraj ◽

Abbas Ostadalipour ◽

Elnaz Askari

Keyword(s):

Stainless Steel ◽

General Anesthesia ◽

Repeated Measures ◽

Pediatric Patients ◽

Dental Treatment ◽

Contact Point ◽

Before And After ◽

Time Required ◽

The Right ◽

Primary Canine

Objectives: Despite the increasing popularity of pediatric dental treatments under general anesthesia, information is scarce regarding occlusal changes in patients receiving stainless steel crowns (SSCs) under general anesthesia. This study sought to compare canine overlap before and after general anesthesia in children receiving SSCs. In case of a change, the possibility of returning to the preoperative state and the time required for this process were also evaluated. Materials and Methods: This interventional, before-and-after study was performed on 60 children between 2 to 7 years of age requiring dental treatment under general anesthesia. The contact point of the most prominent area of the maxillary primary canine and mandibular primary canine was marked before and immediately after general anesthesia and at one and two weeks postoperatively. The change in canine overlap was analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) and linear regression test. Results: Canine overlap significantly decreased immediately after general anesthesia (P<0.05). The mean bite opening was 0.51±0.22 mm at the site of the right canine and 0.50±0.185 mm at the site of the left canine. These values returned to their normal preoperative state after one week (P<0.05). Repeated measures ANOVA showed significant differences in this respect between the time points (P=0.002). Conclusions: The occlusion and vertical dimension of pediatric patients may change following dental treatment under general anesthesia; the magnitude of change in canine overlap may vary depending on the class of occlusion and number of SSCs placed. These changes are temporary and often resolve within a week.

Download Full-text

Effects of tramadol on tear production, intraocular pressure, and pupil size in dogs: clinical study

Ciência Rural ◽

10.1590/0103-8478cr20140826 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 45 (4) ◽

pp. 724-729 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Thaís Ruiz ◽

Thalita Priscila da Silva Peres ◽

Wilma Neres da Silva Campos ◽

Eveline da Cruz Boa Sorte ◽

Alexandre Pinto Ribeiro

Keyword(s):

Intraocular Pressure ◽

Repeated Measures ◽

Pupil Diameter ◽

Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca ◽

Applanation Tonometry ◽

Tramadol Hydrochloride ◽

Tear Production ◽

Schirmer Tear Test ◽

Healthy Dogs ◽

To Receive

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of tramadol on tear production, intraocular pressure (IOP) and pupil diameter (PD) in healthy dogs. Dogs were randomly assigned to receive 4mg kg-1 (n=11) and 6mg kg-1 (n=11) of tramadol hydrochloride intramuscularly. Tear production (Schirmer tear test, STT-1), IOP (applanation tonometry) and the PD (electronic pachymetry) were assessed before, 30 and 60 minutes after administration of tramadol. Data were compared by analysis of variance for repeated measures (P<0.05). Parameters evaluated before, at 30 and 60min, in dogs treated with 4 and 6mg kg-1, were respectively: (STT-1) 22.50±3.38, 21.14±3.94 and 21.09±2.99mm min-1; and 23.05±3.73,22.64±3.76 and 22.82±3.25mm min-1. (IOP) 18.14±2.68, 17.68±2.59 and 18.23±3.84mmHg; and 19.05±2.27, 18.91±2.74 and 17.64±2.34mmHg. (PD) 6.71±0.65, 7.22±1.42 and 6.90±1.39mm; and 6.25±1.08, 6.80±1.27 and 6.49±0.90mm. All parameters evaluated did not change significantly among time points and dose regimen. Based on the conditions under which the experiments were conducted, tramadol did not affect tear production, IOP and PD in dogs, and could be used as a preoperative analgesic for intraocular surgery and pain control for any cause in patients affected by uveitis, glaucoma and keratoconjunctivitis sicca

Download Full-text

Qualitative and quantitative tear film abnormalities in dogs

Ciência Rural ◽

10.1590/s0103-84782008000200048 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 38 (2) ◽

pp. 568-575 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Alexandre Pinto Ribeiro ◽

Fabio Luiz da Cunha Brito ◽

Bianca da Costa Martins ◽

Fabrício Mamede ◽

José Luiz Laus

Keyword(s):

Veterinary Medicine ◽

Clinical Practice ◽

T Lymphocytes ◽

Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca ◽

Tear Film ◽

Daily Clinical Practice ◽

Qualitative And Quantitative ◽

Therapeutic Modalities ◽

Schirmer Tear Test ◽

Ocular Disorders

Tear film disorders in dogs can be classified into quantitative or qualitative abnormalities, or both, and are commonly observed in daily clinical practice. Inadequate production of one or more tear film components can lead to variable degrees of ocular disorders, called keratoconjunctivitis sicca. Keratoconjunctivitis sicca in dogs has several causes, but in most cases the disease is idiopathic, with T lymphocytes playing a role. In veterinary medicine, the diagnosis is made based on the results of the Schirmer tear test. In this article, we review aspects related to the etiopathogenesis and diagnosis of keratoconjunctivitis sicca in dogs and discuss new therapeutic modalities for this disease.

Download Full-text

Microalterations in the third eyelid gland of dogs with keratoconjunctivits sicca secondary to distemper

Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia ◽

10.1590/s0102-09352007000200011 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 59 (2) ◽

pp. 340-344

Author(s):

F.L.C. Brito ◽

V.A. Silva Júnior ◽

F.C.L. Maia ◽

J.R. Pereira Junior ◽

J.L. Laus

Keyword(s):

Plasma Cells ◽

Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca ◽

Tear Film ◽

Compensatory Hypertrophy ◽

Polymorphonuclear Cells ◽

Schirmer Tear Test ◽

Aqueous Component ◽

End Stage ◽

Gland Atrophy ◽

Hematoxylin Eosin

Keratoconjunctivitis sicca is characterized by qualitative or quantitative abnormalities in the aqueous component of the tear film and is frequent in dogs with distemper. Twenty-eight third eyelid glands of end-stage dogs that died from distemper were analyzed by light microscopy. Keratoconjunctivitis sicca was diagnosed based on ophthalmic findings regarding alterations in the ocular surface and by the Schirmer tear test. The excised glands were fixed in 10% buffered formalin and processed for embedding in paraffin. The blocks were cut into 4µm sections and the sections were stained with hematoxylin-eosin and Masson's trichrome. Analysis revealed tubuloacinar gland atrophy, thickening of connective tissue, and mild to intense inflammatory exudation mainly characterized by the presence of plasma cells and histiocytes and by compensatory hypertrophy of some glands. The glandular lumen was hypertrophied and contained shedded epithelial cells, polymorphonuclear cells and red blood cells, in addition to mucus.

Download Full-text

Effects of sexual arousal on vibrotactile detection thresholds in aged men with and without erectile dysfunction

Sexual Health ◽

10.1071/sh07096 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 5 (4) ◽

pp. 347 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Chuanshu Jiao ◽

Peter K. Knight ◽

Patricia Weerakoon ◽

Brett D. McCann ◽

A. Bulent Turman

Keyword(s):

Erectile Dysfunction ◽

Sexual Arousal ◽

Repeated Measures ◽

Erectile Function ◽

Staircase Method ◽

Detection Thresholds ◽

Before And After ◽

The Right ◽

And Control ◽

The Erotic

Background: Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a common problem in ageing men. Abnormalities in sexual arousal may contribute to its development, and to the failure of pharmacological therapies. However, there are few objective ways of assessing arousal. Sexual arousal has been shown to affect vibrotactile detection thresholds (VDT) in young, healthy men. The present study assessed the effects of sexual arousal on VDT in middle-aged men with and without ED in order to determine whether differences exist between the groups and if such differences may be useful in the evaluation of ED. Methods: VDT in the right index finger of 15 heterosexual men (mean age 74.3 ± 6.0 years) who had been formally diagnosed with ED (ED group) and 16 men (mean age 68.0 ± 6.6 years) who reported no sexual dysfunction in the past 6 months (erectile function (EF) group) were measured before and after watching erotic and control videos using a forced-choice, staircase method at frequencies of 30, 60 and 100 Hz. A mechanical stimulator was used to produce the vibratory stimulus. Results were analysed using repeated-measures analysis of variance. Results: There was no significant effect of watching the erotic video on VDT in subjects in the ED group. In the EF group, VDT was significantly lower at 60 and 100 Hz after watching the erotic video. There was no change in VDT after watching the control video in either group. Conclusion: In response to sexual arousal, VDT in ageing men with normal erectile function decrease, whereas VDT in ageing men with ED remain unchanged.

Download Full-text

Comparative Arterial Antithrombotic Activity of Clopidogrel and Acetyl Salicylic Acid in the Pig

Thrombosis and Haemostasis ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1646307 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 68 (05) ◽

pp. 500-505 ◽

Cited By ~ 32

Author(s):

Ch M Samama ◽

Ph Bonnin ◽

M Bonneau ◽

G Pignaud ◽

E Mazoyer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Platelet Aggregation ◽

Femoral Artery ◽

Bleeding Time ◽

Ex Vivo ◽

Flow Reduction ◽

Cyclic Flow ◽

Left Femoral Artery ◽

Before And After ◽

The Right ◽

Induced Aggregation

SummaryWe investigated the comparative antithrombotic properties of clopidogrel, an analogue of ticlopidine, and aspirin, using the Folts' model on femoral arteries in 22 pigs. On each animal, clopidogrel or aspirin were used to treat the thrombotic process on the left femoral artery and to prevent this process on the right femoral artery. Sequentially: an injury and stenosis were carried out on the left femoral artery; the thrombotic process was monitored with a Doppler during a 30-min observation period for cyclic flow reductions or permanent cessation of flow; after the first cyclic flow reduction occurred, clopidogrel (5 mg kg-1) or aspirin (2.5, 5, 100 mg kg-1) were injected intravenously; if cyclic flow reductions were abolished, epinephrine (0.4 µg kg-1 min-1) was injected to try to restore cyclic flow reductions and/or permanent cessation of flow; then injury and stenosis were applied on the right femoral artery. Before and after injection of clopidogrel or aspirin, ear immersion bleeding times and ex-vivo platelet aggregation were performed. Clopidogrel (n = 7) abolished cyclic flow reductions in all animals and epinephrine did not restore any cyclic flow reduction. On the right femoral artery, cyclic flow reductions were efficiently prevented, even for two injuries. Basal bleeding time (5 min 28) was lengthened (>15 min, 30 min after clopidogrel and remained prolonged even after 24 h). ADP-induced platelet aggregation was inhibited (more than 78%). Comparatively, aspirin had a moderate and no dose-dependent effect. Aspirin 2.5 mg kg-1 (n = 6) abolished cyclic flow reductions in 2 animals, CFR reoccurred spontaneously in one animal and epinephrine restored it in a second animal. Aspirin 5 mg kg-1 (n = 6) abolished cyclic flow reductions in only 3 animals and epinephrine always restored it. Aspirin 100 mg kg-1 (n = 3) was unable to abolish cyclic flow reductions. On the right femoral artery, aspirin did not significantly prevent cyclic flow reductions which occurred in all animals after one (n = 14) or two injuries (n = 1), except for one animal. Basal bleeding time was lengthened but it shortened rapidly, reaching its basal value after 24 h. ADP-induced aggregation was not significantly inhibited, whereas arachidonic acid induced aggregation was always inhibited. Clopidogrel appears as a more potent antithrombotic drug than aspirin in this model, in treating and preventing spontaneous or epinephrine-induced cyclic flow reductions and lengthening bleeding time.

Download Full-text

EFEKTIVITAS METODE DEMONSTRASI DALAM MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR SISWA SEKOLAH MENENGAH KEJURUAN PADA PENGAJARAN SISTEM KOLOID

JURNAL PENELITIAN BIDANG PENDIDIKAN ◽

10.24114/jpp.v19i1.3044 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

pp. 28

Author(s):

Hamda Situmorang ◽

Manihar Situmorang

Keyword(s):

High School ◽

High School Students ◽

Abstract Concept ◽

Vocational High School ◽

School Students ◽

Lecture Method ◽

Colloid System ◽

Before And After ◽

The Right ◽

And Control

Abstract Implementation of demonstration method in the teaching of chemistry is assigned as the right strategy to improve students’ achievement as it is proved that the method can bring an abstract concept to reality in the class. The study is conducted to vocational high school students in SMKN1 Pargetteng getteng Sengkut Pakfak Barat at accademic year 2013. The teaching has been carried out three cycles on the teaching of chemistry topic of colloid system. In the study, the class is divided into two class, experiment class and control class. The demontration method is used to teach students in experimental class while the teaching in control class is conducted with lecture method. Both are evaluated by using multiple choise tests before and after the teaching procedures, and the ability of students to answer the problems are assigned as students’ achievements. The results showed that demonstration method improved students’ achievement in chemistry. The students in experimental class who are taughed with demonstration method (M=19.08±0.74) have higher achievements compare with control class (M=12.91±2.52), and both are significantly different (tcalculation 22.85 > ttable 1.66). The effectivity of demostration method in experimental class (97%) is found higer compare to conventional method in control class (91%).

Download Full-text