scholarly journals ECOPHYSIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF Eucalyptus camaldulensis (DEHNH) SUBMITTED TO ATTACK FROM Thaumastocoris peregrinus (CARPINTERO & DELLAPE)

2018 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamilla Emmanuelle Carvalho de Almeida ◽  
Junia Grazielle Soares da Silva ◽  
Inaê Mariê de Araujo Silva ◽  
Alisson Lucrecio da Costa ◽  
Marcelo Luiz de Laia
Keyword(s):  
Photosynthetic Apparatus ◽  
Eucalyptus Camaldulensis ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Mixed Linear Model ◽  
Leaf Chlorophyll ◽  
Bronze Bug ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Eucalyptus Camaldulensis Dehnh ◽  
Insect Attack

ABSTRACT Works correlating the effect of a bronze bug attack on ecophysiological aspects of eucalyptus can be used in selection programs for resistant genetic materials. The objective of this study was to evaluate the injuries caused by Thaumastocoris peregrinus (Carpintero & Dellape) through the ecophysiological analysis of Eucalyptus camaldulensis (Dehnh). The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design, with two groups of plants, infested and non-infested, kept in a room at 25 ± 2 °C, relative humidity 60 ± 2% and a photoperiod of 12 hours. For 26 days, every 48 hours, the chlorophyll a fluorescence, using the electron transport rate (ETR) and the potential quantum efficiency (Fv/Fm), was measured, in addition to the leaf chlorophyll content of the plants. The variables observed were analyzed in relation to treatments and times using a mixed linear model, with plants and leaves being random effects. Plants protected from insect attack showed better results over the experimental period. However, the attack from the bronze bug negatively affected all the ecophysiological variables evaluated in E. camaldulensis, indicating a possible compromise of the photosynthetic apparatus of the plants.

scholarly journals Trocas gasosas de Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh sob influência de água salobra

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e06
Author(s):  
Gabriel Zapelini ◽  
Marcio Carlos Navroski ◽  
Mariane De Oliveira Pereira ◽  
Tiago Krischnegg de Andrade ◽  
Karollyne Renata Silva de Paula Baptista ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eucalyptus Camaldulensis ◽  
Atmospheric Concentration ◽  
Gas Exchanges ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Salinity Reduction ◽  
Timber Products ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Eucalyptus Camaldulensis Dehnh ◽  
Different Levels

In view of the increasing expansion of the use of wood and non-timber products from the Eucalyptus genus, the identification and impact caused by the salinity of Brazilian soils in the development and growth of the species are of fundamental importance for a better utilization of salinized areas in the country. In order to contribute to the understanding of this problem, the present work evaluated the effect of different levels of salinity (brackish water) on gas exchange in Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh plants. The levels analyzed were: 0, 50, 100, 200, 400 µM NaCl. A completely randomized design with 10 replicates (plants) was used, in which the gaseous exchanges were evaluated with the aid of a portable photosynthesis meter (IRGA), determined the values of photosynthesis (A), stomatal conductance (gs), rate transpiration (E), the relation between the intercellular and atmospheric concentration of CO² (Ci / Ca) and water use efficiency (WUE). Initially the seedlings did not undergo physiological changes, showing a certain tolerance of the species to high levels of salinity. Reduction in gas exchanges was only more noticeable after reapplication of the salt (after 7 days). Due to the results obtained, high tolerance of the species to salinity is observed.

Haematological and serum biochemical indices of growing rabbits fed graded levels of Yam peel meal as replacement for maize

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 167-175
Author(s):  
I. B. Amaza ◽  
A. Maidala ◽  
C. E. Isidahomen
Keyword(s):  
Biochemical Analysis ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Blood Chemistry ◽  
Feeding Trial ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Serum Biochemical ◽  
Inclusion Level ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Biochemical Indices ◽  
Dietary Treatments

Haematological and serum biochemical parameters are indicators of physiological, nutritional and pathological status of animals. Investigation of these parameters provide information for diagnostic purposes. The study was conducted to determine the influence of feeding graded levels of yam peel meal (YPM) as a replacement for maize on haematology; blood chemistry was evaluated in rabbits. Thirty- six (New Zealand white X Chinchilla) were randomly assigned to four dietary treatments in a completely randomized design with nine rabbits per treatment. The rabbits were fed diets containing 0, 12.5, 25 and 37.5% of Yam peel meal (YPM) as a replacement for maize, designated as T1, T2, T3 and T4, respectively. The experimental diets and clean drinking water were supplied ad libitum throughout the experimental period of nine weeks. At the end of the feeding trial, three rabbits per treatment were randomly selected for hematological and serum biochemical analysis. All the haematological and serum biochemical indices except AST were affected (P<0.05) by dietary inclusion of YPM. Although most of the parameters investigated were affected by rabbits fed test ingredient, the values fell within the normal literature reference values for rabbits. It can therefore be concluded that up to 37.5% inclusion level of YPM can be fed to growing rabbits without deleterious effects on health status.

PSVII-14 Feeding carbohydrases to grazing beef cattle under different nutritional strategies on dry season: Ruminal fermentation

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 449-450
Author(s):  
Anderson Acosta ◽  
Guilherme S Vasconcellos ◽  
Alexandre Perdigão ◽  
Victor Valério de Carvalho ◽  
Tiago S Acedo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Beta Glucanase ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Nutritional Strategy ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Nutritional Strategies

Abstract The aim with this trial was to evaluate two nutritional plans with the addition of carbohydrases enzyme blend (CEB) on ruminal fermentation of grazing Nellore bulls in dry season. Five rumen cannulated Nellore steers (BW = 350 kg) were used. Animals were randomly assigned to a treatment sequence in a 5×5 Latin square experiment with 15 d-periods (10 d to diet adaptation and 5 d for data collection), following a completely randomized design, being the treatments: mineral-proteic supplementation (Fosbovi® Proteico 35; PS) offered at 0,1% BW (0 or 4.75 g/animal/day of CEB) or mineral-protein-energetic supplementation (Fosbovi® Proteico-Energético 25; PES) offered at 0.3% BW (0, 4.75 or 9.50 g/animal/day of CEB). The CEB was mainly composed by beta-glucanase and xylanase enzymes (Ronozyme® VP and Ronozyme® WX). Both enzymes and supplements were provided by DSM Nutritional Products Brasil S.A. Rumen fluid samples were collected on the last day of each experimental period before (0), and 2, 4, 6, and 8 h after supplements were offered. Data were analyzed using PROC MIXED of SAS. Steers fed PSE had greater (P ≤ 0.041) rumen concentration of acetate, propionate, and butyrate, and lower (P = 0.028) acetate to propionate ratio in comparison with animals fed PS. Rumen acetate concentrations were 61.6 and 58.8 mmol/L and rumen propionate concentrations were 15.2 and 13.7 mmol/L for animals under the PSE and PS, respectively. A quadratic effect (P = 0.048) for carbohydrases enzyme blend was observed in NH3-N ruminal concentration of PES animals, where 4.75 g/day level presented the lower concentrations compared to control (24.13 vs. 32.20 mg/dL). Furthermore, rumen concentrations of acetate (P = 0.002) and propionate (P = 0.021) linearly increased with enzymes inclusion for PSE plan. PSE nutritional strategy positively influence ruminal fermentation of Nellore steers in dry season and its effects can be enhanced with CEB inclusion of 4.75 g/day.

scholarly journals Initial Development of Eucalyptus According to Different Desiccation Periods of Signalgrass

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. GRAAT ◽  
A.L. BACHA ◽  
M.P. NEPOMUCENO ◽  
P.L.C.A. ALVES
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Control Sample ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Initial Development ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Urochloa Decumbens ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Red Latosol ◽  
Eucalyptus Urograndis ◽  
Herbicide Glyphosate

ABSTRACT: This study aimed at evaluating the effects of different desiccation periods of Urochloa decumbens on the initial development of Eucalyptus urograndis (clone C-219H). The experiment was conducted in 100 liter concrete boxes, previously filled with Dark-Red Latosol. U. decumbens was sown in all plots, except for the control sample without covering. After 95 days from sowing, the herbicide glyphosate (dose of 1,424 g a.e. ha-1) was sprayed at intervals of 0 (Apply-Plant), 7, 14, 21, 28 and 35 days before eucalyptus planting, plus a control sample without covering, totaling seven treatments. A completely randomized design with six replications was used. Eucalyptus plants were evaluated 30, 60 and 90 days after planting (DAP), when the height of the plants and the diameter of the stem were determined. At the end of the experimental period (90 DAP), the leaf area and the dry matter of leaves and stem were measured. It is possible to conclude that the Apply-Plant modality was harmful to some of the eucalyptus characteristics (E. urograndis - C-219H), while planting the seedlings in periods over 14 days after the desiccation of U. decumbens plants promoted a better development of the culture.

scholarly journals Effect of prey concentrations and salinized water on initial development of Pyrrhulina brevis (Steindachner, 1876), an Amazonian ornamental fish

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. e381985582
Author(s):  
Leonnan Carlos Carvalho de Oliveira ◽  
Elviro dos Anjos Silva Neto ◽  
Arlindo dos Santos Pinheiro Junuior ◽  
Bruno José Corecha Fernandes Eiras ◽  
Galileu Crovatto Veras ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Period ◽  
Ornamental Fish ◽  
Initial Development ◽  
Lower Survival Rate ◽  
Artemia Nauplii ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Final Length ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Length Gain

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different prey concentrations (50; 100; 150 and 200 artemia nauplii post-larvae-1 day-1) and salinized water (0; 1 and 2 g L-1) on larviculture of Pyrrhulina brevis, an Amazonian ornamental fish. The experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design, in a 4x3 factorial design, with three replicates. A total of 360 post-larvae were randomly distributed in 36 aquariums (1L), to 10 post-larvae L-1. At the end of the experimental period (15 days) the post-larvae were measured, weighed and counted. No interaction was identified between the prey concentrations and salinized water for all evaluated parameters. The best growth results, both for length and weight, were observed in the post-larvae that received 150 and 200 artemia nauplii post-larvae-1 day-1, while the lower survival rate was observed in post-larvae fed 50 and 100 artemia nauplii post-larvae-1 day-1. The final length and length gain were higher when the post-larvae were reared in salinized water at 1 and 2 g L-1, while the final weight, weight gain and specific growth rate were higher in post-larvae submitted to 1 g L-1 of salinized water. The uniformity of the batch for weight and length of the fish showed no significant difference, independent of the prey concentrations and salinized water used. Thus, the supply of 150 artemia nauplii post-larvae-1 day-1 in salinized water at 1 g L-1 is recommended during the first fed of Pyrrhulina brevis.

scholarly journals Use of different combinations of enzyme complexes in broiler diets

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 2903-2924
Author(s):  
Lindolfo Dorcino dos Santos Neto ◽  
◽  
Julyana Machado da Silva Martins ◽  
Genilson Bezerra de Carvalho ◽  
Roberto Moraes Jardim Filho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Basal Diet ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Enzyme Complex ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Final Weight ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Enzyme Complexes

Two experiments were carried out to investigate the effect of “on top” addition of different enzyme complexes, the enzyme α-galactosidase and three sources of the enzyme phytase available on the market, in broiler diets. In the first experiment, 1260 one-day-old Cobb 500® chicks were distributed into seven treatments in a completely randomized design (CRD) with six replicates and 30 birds/replicate. Treatments consisted of combinations of different enzyme complexes, namely, complex A (phytase, protease, xylanase, ß-glucanase, cellulase, amylase, pectinase), complex B (protease and cellulase) and complex C (xylanase, amylase and protease); isolated α-galactosidase (GAL); and three sources of phytase (P1, P2 and P3) in the diet. The treatments were formulated as follows: T1 - basal diet (BD); T2 - BD + enzyme complex A + enzyme complex B (BDAB); T3 - BDAB + GAL; T4 - BD + complex A + GAL; T5 - BD + complex C + P1 + GAL (BDCG); T6 - BDCG + P2; and T7 - BDCG + P3. The following variables were measured in the experimental period of 42 days: feed intake (FI), weight gain (WG), average final weight (AFW), feed conversion (FC), and carcass yield. Significant differences occurred for AFW, WG and FC in the pre-starter phase. In the second experiment, 112 Cobb 500® chicks aged 25 days were distributed into seven treatments in a CRD with four replicates and four birds/replicate. Treatments were the same as in the first experiment. Nutrient digestibility was evaluated in an experimental period of seven days. Differences were found in the metabolism coefficient of ether extract (MCEE). Dietary inclusion of enzyme complexes improves the AFW and WG of chickens from 1 to 7 days of age and MCEE in the grower phase.

scholarly journals PSIII-31 Effects of associative use of additives on performance, carcass characteristics and serum D-lactate in Nellore x Angus young bulls

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 257-257
Author(s):  
Marcio M Ladeira ◽  
Jose Maria Oliveira Junior ◽  
Daniel Casagrande ◽  
Priscilla Teixeira ◽  
Bruno Homem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carcass Traits ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Time Interaction ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Zinc Bacitracin ◽  
Period Performance ◽  
Average Body

Abstract The objective was to evaluate the effects of including virginiamycin or bacitracin in diets containing monensin or monensin plus virginiamycin and bacitracin on growth performance and carcass characteristics of feedlot young bulls. Seventy-two young bulls, with an initial average body of 417 ± 38.7kg were allotted in a completely randomized design. The bulls were placed in 18 pens (four animals per pen), with three treatments and six experimental replicates. The diets consisted of 85% concentrate and 15% of corn silage, with 11.4% CP, 75.7% TDN and 18.4% NDF. The treatments were: MON, 25 ppm of monensin in the diet; MONB: monensin plus 8.75 ppm of zinc bacitracin; and MONVM monensin plus 25 ppm of virginiamycin. Feedlot had 109d, with 27d of adaptation and 82d of experimental period. Performance was measured by daily intake records and weighing at the beginning and end of the feedlot. After feedlot, animals were slaughtered to measure carcass traits. Serum D-lactate was collected on day 7 and 43 of the experimental period. There was no significant effect of the additives on performance and most of the carcass traits (Table 1). However, young bulls receiving MONVM tended to have greater LM area. On the other hand, MON diet tended to increase marbling. Finally, there was a tendency for treatment x time interaction (P &lt; 0.08) in the serum concentration of D-lactate. Bulls receiving MON had greater concentration on day 7 (109.5 µmol.µL-1), compared to other groups (66.7 and 89.9 µmol.µL-1 for MONB and MONVM, respectively). There was no effect of additives in the D-lactate content on day 43, being the treatments average 83.5 µmol.µL-1. In conclusion, the use of monensin and their association with virginiamycin or bacitracin did not affect performance but tend to influence carcass traits and serum D-lactate. Funded by Agroceres, Fapemig, CAPES, and CNPq.

scholarly journals Short Communication. Sodium chloride levels in pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus) fingerling feeds free of fish meal

2022 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. e06SC01-e06SC01
Author(s):  
Natalia C. Aguiar ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Aquatic Organism ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Carcass Yield ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Final Weight ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Average Weight Gain

Aim of study: To evaluate the effects of increasing NaCl levels on the zootechnical performance of pacu fingerling. Area of study: The experiments were conducted at the Aquatic Organism Production and Reproduction Systems Laboratory belonging to the Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), in the Palotina Sector, Paraná Estate, Brazil. Material and methods: Seven hundred and fifty fingerlings with an average weight of 3.41 ± 0.09 g were distributed in circular boxes, in a completely randomized design consisting of six treatments and five replications. Treatments comprised soybean- and maize-based diets containing increasing levels of NaCl (0.00, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, 1.00 and 1.25%). The experiments were conducted for 50 days. At the end of the experimental period the fish were fasted for 24 hours, anesthetized, weighed and measured to calculate zootechnical performances. Performance data were subjected to an analysis of variance followed by Tukey’s test when significant differences were found between the means (p<0.05). Main results: The influence (p<0.05) of dietary NaCl levels on final weight, feed intake, apparent feed conversion, specific growth rate, average weight gain, clean trunk production, head carcass yield, headless carcass yield, feed intake and survival was assessed. The results indicate that non-salt treated fingerlings along with the 0.25% salt inclusion treatment led to better feed use, as evidenced by apparent feed conversions of 1.64 and 2.02, respectively. Research highlights: The inclusion of NaCl in pacu fingerling soybean and maize-based diets is not recommended.

scholarly journals Yellow grease in sheep diets: intake and digestibility

2021 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 684-692
Author(s):  
A.C. Rêgo ◽  
C.S.B. Oliveira ◽  
L.E.F. Afonso ◽  
J.C. Azevedo ◽  
O.R. Machado Neto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Balance ◽  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dietary Supplementation ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Yellow Grease ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

ABSTRACT This study aimed to assess the effects of yellow grease supplementation on the intake, digestibility, and nitrogen balance in sheep. Twenty Santa Inês lambs with a mean age of 95 ± 10 d and body weight of 19.29 ± 3.17kg were evaluated in a completely randomized design. The diets were supplemented with oil at concentrations of 0, 20, 40, 60, and 80 gkg-1 of dry matter (DM) of the concentrate. The diets were based on roughage and concentrate (50:50). The experimental period lasted 19 d and included 14 adaptation days and five collection days for the total supplied diet, orts, feces, and urine. Supplementation with yellow grease had no significant effect on the intake of DM, crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), or non-fiber carbohydrates (NFC). However, the ether extract (EE) intake increased linearly with supplementation of yellow grease. Moreover, no effect was observed for DM, CP, NDF, and NFC digestibility and nitrogen balance. EE digestibility increased linearly with the yellow grease dietary supplementation. Thus, sheep dietary supplementation with yellow grease may be used at a level of up to 80 gkg-1 of DM of concentrate without impairing nutrient intake and digestibility.

scholarly journals Choline and digestible methionine + cystine supplementation for quail in the laying phase

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 305
Author(s):  
Dirceu Neutzling Griep Júnior ◽  
Adriana Aparecida Pereira ◽  
Gregório Murilo Oliveira Oliveira Júnior ◽  
Vitor Visintin Silva de Almeida ◽  
Edlaine Ferreira da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Egg Quality ◽  
Dietary Supplementation ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Optimum Result ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Quadratic Response ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Four Levels

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of levels of choline and digestible methionine + cystine in diets for quail in the laying phase. A total of 280 Japanese laying quail were assigned to one of eight treatments in a completely randomized design in a 4 × 2 factorial arrangement consisting of dietary supplementation with four levels of choline (0.0, 0.042, 0.084 and 0.126%) and two levels of digestible methionine + cystine (0.857 and 0.685%), with five replicates and seven birds per plot. The experimental period was 84 days, represented by four 21-day evaluation cycles in which quail performance and egg quality were evaluated. There was no interaction effect between the factors for any of the studied variables, except quail weight. The highest tested levels of methionine + cystine and choline supplementation improved egg weight, feed conversion egg mass?1 and yolk percentage. By contrast, albumen percentage decreased linearly as choline inclusion in the diet was elevated. The choline supplementation levels induced a quadratic response from eggshell percentage, whose optimum result was estimated at the choline level of 0.05% in the diet. Egg specific gravity decreased linearly as choline supplementation was increased. The indicated level of digestible methionine + cystine in the diet of Japanese quail in the laying phase is 0.857%, while choline should be supplemented at 0.126%.

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