PHYSIOLOGICAL AND MORPHOANATOMIC RESPONSES OF Bowdichia virgilioides KUNTH. (FABACEAE) TO GLYPHOSATE

ABSTRACT The expansion of agribusiness in Brazil is partly due to the expansion of arable areas in the Cerrado biome, which, consequently, leads to an increase in the use of herbicides, including glyphosate. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the physiological and morphoanatomic responses of Bowdichia virgilioides Kunth. (Fabaceae), when exposed to the herbicide glyphosate, under controlled greenhouse conditions. In addition, the study proposed to identify possible response patterns of the studied species and provide subsidies for the study of the species in areas affected by the drift of the herbicide. The experimental design was in randomized blocks, with seven doses of the herbicide: 25, 50, 100, 200, 400, 800, and 1200 g i.a ha-1 besides the control (0), with four repetitions each. Gas exchange, chlorophyll a fluorescence emission, chloroplast pigment content, membrane permeability, and visual and anatomical features were analyzed. The results showed that glyphosate is phytotoxic to B. virgilioides because, even at low doses, this herbicide was able to affect all parameters analyzed. There was also confirmation of the presence of phenolic compounds, mainly in the palisade parenchyma. The metabolic alterations presented demonstrated the sensitivity of B. virgilioides to glyphosate. Thus, the observed responses can serve as a tool for diagnosing the effects of glyphosate exposure on this species, present in native areas affected by the drift of this herbicide. Its indiscriminate use poses a risk to Cerrado biodiversity.

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Comparative Study on Gas Exchange, Water Relations and Leaf Anatomy of Two Olive Cultivars Grown under Well-Irrigated and Drought Conditions

Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C ◽

10.1515/znc-1999-9-1011 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 54 (9-10) ◽

pp. 688-692 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Konstantinos Chartzoulakis ◽

Angelos Patakas ◽

Artemis Bosabalidis

Keyword(s):

Gas Exchange ◽

Water Relations ◽

Volume Fraction ◽

Spongy Parenchyma ◽

Intercellular Spaces ◽

Palisade Parenchyma ◽

Mesophyll Cells ◽

Olive Cultivars ◽

Olea Europea ◽

Leaf Anatomical Characteristics

The effect of water stress on gas exchange, water relations and leaf anatomical characteristics have been studied in two olive cultivars (Olea europea, L. cv. ‘Koroneiki’ and cv. ‚Mastoidis’). Photosynthetic rate as well as stomatal conductance were decreased in stressed plants. Osmotic potential (π) declined rapidly in stressed plants indicating their ability for osmoregulation. Bulk modulus of elasticity (ε) was significantly higher in stressed compared to well irrigated plants. The volume fraction of intercellular spaces of the upper palisade parenchyma, the spongy parenchyma as well as the lower palisade parenchyma were significantly lower in stressed compared to well irrigated plants. On the other hand, the density of mesophyll cells in the upper palisade parenchyma, spongy parenchyma and lower palisade parenchyma increased significantly in stressed plants

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Modeling of Total Phenolic contents in Various Tea samples by Experimental Design Methods

Open Chemistry ◽

10.1515/chem-2018-0082 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

pp. 738-744

Author(s):

Nuraniye Eruygur ◽

Nazire Gulsah Kutuk Dincel ◽

Nursah Kutuk

Keyword(s):

Phenolic Compounds ◽

Experimental Design ◽

Green Tea ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Phenolic Substance ◽

Extraction Temperature ◽

Liquid Ratio ◽

Polyphenol Content ◽

Positive Effects ◽

Solid Liquid

AbstractTea, from the old ages to the day, is widely consumed both for enjoyment and health care due to its positive effects. The consumption of these products is increasing day by day as a result of the clear presentation of the fact that tea contains high amount of antioxidant substances (such as phenolic compounds), which is important in prevention and treatment of diseases. Tea beverage is a very important source of polyphenols. In this study, phenolic content and antioxidant capacity of different tea species were calculated by modeling with experimental design method. In the experimental part, polyphenol content was determined using the Folin-Ciocalteu method. The total amount of phenolic substance content was examined by Box-Behnken design and response surface method on black tea, green tea and white tea on different extraction temperature, extraction time and solid / liquid ratio. Solid / liquid ratio was found to be the most important parameter in terms of polyphenol content extraction from different tea samples. The highest polyphenol amount (411.762 mg gallic acid / mL) was found in green tea. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first data presenting comparatively study the effect of extraction condition on amounts of phenolic compounds from different tea samples.

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Physiological and anatomical responses of Eucalyptus camaldulensis leaves to glyphosate application

Advances in Forestry Science ◽

10.34062/afs.v8i3.12483 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 1535-1543

Author(s):

Diego Meloni ◽

Carlos Arberto Martínez ◽

María Gabriela Targa ◽

Alicia Fraño ◽

Alejandra Catán

Keyword(s):

Gas Exchange ◽

Chlorophyll A ◽

Mechanism Of Action ◽

Fluorescence Emission ◽

Eucalyptus Camaldulensis ◽

Plant Leaves ◽

Ionic Homeostasis ◽

Usual Practice ◽

One Year ◽

Anatomical Parameters

The use of herbicides is a usual practice in E. camaldulensis nurseries and plantations. The most widely used herbicide is glyphosate, whose drift damages this plant leaves. Although the mechanism of action of glyphosate is well known, it is not clear which alterations lead to the death of plants. The aim of this work was to assess the physiological and anatomical responses of leaves of E. camaldulensis seedlings to glyphosate application. Tests were performed on one-year-old seedlings sprayed with 0, 65 and 130 g a.e. ha-1 glyphosate. Ten days after the application, we measured gas exchange and fluorescence emission of chlorophyll a. We also quantify the concentrations of chlorophyll a, shikimate, carbohydrates, K+ and Mg2+, and the anatomical parameters of epidermis and mesophyll. Data was contrasted using Fisher’s test (p<0.05). We concluded that glyphosate alters the physiology of E. camaldulensis, inhibiting photosynthesis, changing the metabolism of carbohydrates and the ionic homeostasis. Tissue disorganization, heavily marked at the level of mesophyll, indicates definite alterations.

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Gas exchanges in sugar apple (Annona squamosa L.) subjected to salinity stress and nitrogen fertilization

Australian Journal of Crop Science ◽

10.21475/ajcs.19.13.12.p1754 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 1959-1966

Author(s):

Francisco Romário Andrade Figueiredo ◽

Anderson Carlos de Melo Gonçalves ◽

João Everthon da Silva Ribeiro ◽

Toshik Iarley da Silva ◽

Jackson Silva Nóbrega ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Experimental Design ◽

Gas Exchange ◽

Chlorophyll Content ◽

Irrigation Water ◽

Nitrogen Fertilization ◽

Annona Squamosa ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Chlorophyll Content And Fluorescence ◽

Fluorescence Parameters ◽

Salinity Levels

Salinity is one of the modern agriculture major obstacles, causing several physiological disturbances in plants, adversely affecting its growth and development. Therefore, some techniques are required in order to alleviate the negative effects of salinity stress on plants, as for example an adequate nitrogen fertilization. The aim of this study was to assess the ecophysiological responses of sugar apple plants (Annona squamosa L.) submitted to different salinity levels and nitrogen fertilization doses. The experimental design was a randomized block in an incomplete factorial scheme, with five electrical conductivities of the irrigation water (ECw: 0.5, 1.01, 2.25, 3.49 and 4.0 dS m-1) and five nitrogen doses (0, 101, 350, 598.2 and 700 mg dm-3), with four replicates, generated from the Box Central Composite experimental design matrix. Through a daily course, it was observed variations in gas exchange, chlorophyll content and fluorescence parameters. The gas exchange, chlorophyll content and fluorescence parameters were measured on photosynthetically active leaves. There was significant interaction between the salinity levels (ECw) and nitrogen doses for the chlorophyll indexes. The electrical conductivity of the irrigation water caused significant negative effects on chlorophyll fluorescence. Therefore, it can be stated that the sugar apple plants ecophysiology varies through the day and that salinity affects its chlorophyll content and fluorescence.

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Containing COVID-19 by Matching Messages on Social Distancing to Emergent Mindsets—The Case of North America

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph17218096 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (21) ◽

pp. 8096

Author(s):

Nick Bellissimo ◽

Gillie Gabay ◽

Attila Gere ◽

Michaela Kucab ◽

Howard Moskowitz

Keyword(s):

Experimental Design ◽

Perceived Risk ◽

Response Patterns ◽

Policy Makers ◽

Social Distancing ◽

Independent Variables ◽

The Third ◽

The Us ◽

Compliance Policy ◽

Personal Viewpoint

Public compliance with social distancing is key to containing COVID-19, yet there is a lack of knowledge on which communication ‘messages’ drive compliance. Respondents (224 Canadians and Americans) rated combinations of messages about compliance, systematically varied by an experimental design. Independent variables were perceived risk; the agent communicating the policy; specific social distancing practices; and methods to enforce compliance. Response patterns to each message suggest three mindset segments in each country reflecting how a person thinks. Two mindsets, the same in Canada and the US, were ‘tell me exactly what to do,’ and ‘pandemic onlookers.’ The third was ‘bow to authority’ in Canada, and ‘tell me how’ in the US. Each mindset showed different messages strongly driving compliance. To effectively use messaging about compliance, policy makers may assign any person or group in the population to the appropriate mindset segment by using a Personal Viewpoint Identifier that we developed.

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Novelties in secretory structures and anatomy of Rhynchosia(Fabaceae)

Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências ◽

10.1590/0001-3765201520130373 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 87 (1) ◽

pp. 83-87 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

WANDERLEIA DE VARGAS ◽

ÂNGELA L.B. SARTORI ◽

EDNA S. DIAS

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Anatomical Study ◽

Diagnostic Value ◽

Palisade Parenchyma ◽

Taxonomic Assignment ◽

Secretory Structures ◽

Anatomical Features ◽

Number Of Layers ◽

First Time ◽

Scanning Electron

A comparative anatomical study was carried out on the secretory structures of leaflets from taxa belonging to the genus Rhynchosia - taxa difficult to delimit because of uncertain interspecific relations - in order to evaluate the potential diagnostic value of these anatomical traits for taxonomic assignment. A further objective was to establish consensual denomination for these secretory structures. The new anatomical features found in these taxa were sufficiently consistent to separate the species evaluated. The presence and localization of glandular-punctate structures bulbous-based trichomes, the number of layers in the palisade parenchyma and the arrangement of vascular units distinguish the taxa investigated and these characteristics can be extended to other species of Papilionoideae. The trichomes analyzed were described and classified into five types. Depicted in diagrams, photomicrographs, and by scanning electron microscopy, and listed for the first time at the genus and species levels. The information obtained served to effectively distinguish the taxa investigated among species of Papilonoideae.

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Process Intensification by Experimental Design Application to Microwave-Assisted Extraction of Phenolic Compounds from Juglans regia L.

Food Analytical Methods ◽

10.1007/s12161-016-0624-1 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 575-586 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Roberto Rosa ◽

Lorenzo Tassi ◽

Giulia Orteca ◽

Monica Saladini ◽

Carla Villa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Phenolic Compounds ◽

Experimental Design ◽

Juglans Regia ◽

Process Intensification ◽

Microwave Assisted Extraction ◽

Microwave Assisted ◽

Assisted Extraction

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Evaluation of time, temperature and concentration of solvent, in the extraction of bioactive compounds from carrot (daucus carota)

Research Society and Development ◽

10.33448/rsd-v9i8.6130 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (8) ◽

pp. e922986130

Author(s):

Gabrielli Nunes Clímaco ◽

Luana Cristina Silva de Sousa ◽

Rita de Cássia Bergamasco

Keyword(s):

Phenolic Compounds ◽

Experimental Design ◽

Bioactive Compounds ◽

Good Yield ◽

Ethanol Concentration ◽

Antioxidant Compounds ◽

Food Grade ◽

Yield Values ◽

Pre Treatment

The objective of this work was to analyze the content of bioactive compounds extracted from the carrot, through an experimental design of 3 factors, 3 levels and two axial points, including extraction time (17-37-57min), temperature (30-50-70ºC) and ethanol concentration (50-65-80%). The result was expressed as a percentage. Based on the results, it can be said that time did not significantly influence the extraction of antioxidant compounds (p> 0.001), and that the temperature is directly proportional to the yield. Regarding phenolic compounds, only temperature was significant, and for flavonols, only time and proportion. The use of ethanol as a solvent showed good results when compared to the commonly used solvents, in addition to having the quality of being economically viable and food grade. Another important factor was the pre-treatment of the sample, which allowed good yield values when compared to the literature.

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Contribution to the identification of the species Myrcia hatschbachii D. Legrand (Myrtaceae): anatomical and histochemical analyses

Ciência e Natura ◽

10.5902/2179460x43417 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 43 ◽

pp. e75

Author(s):

Larissa Junqueira Gatto ◽

Vanessa Barbosa Bobek ◽

Jane Manfron Budel ◽

Natasha Tiemi Fabri ◽

Josiane De Fatima Gaspari Dias ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽

Phenolic Compounds ◽

Vascular Bundle ◽

Folk Medicine ◽

Spongy Parenchyma ◽

Anatomical Features ◽

Arc Shape ◽

Histochemical Tests ◽

Scanning Electron

The genus Myrcia is used in folk medicine to treat diabetes. The plants used in folk medicine require morphological and anatomical references to attest to its authenticity. This is the first report of the microscopic study of Myrcia hatschbachii. In this sense, the aim of the present study was to describe the anatomical characteristics, in order to contribute to the species' identification. For anatomical and surface analyses free-hand sections were prepared and observed using optical microscopy, simultaneously some materials were processed and observed under scanning electron microscopy. In addition, histochemical tests were performed. The anatomical features described here correspond with previously reported features found in other species of the genus Myrcia. Furthermore, the following anatomical markers were observed in Myrcia hatschbachii: druses in the spongy parenchyma, concave-convex midrib, heart-shaped petiole, oval-shaped stem, C-shaped vascular bundle in the midrib and open arc shape with invaginated ends in the petiole; phenolic compounds in the phloem and lignified cells in the pith. The results of anatomical and histochemical analyses provide micromorphological and microchemical features that can help in the taxonomy and proper identification of the species.

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