Dosages of androgenic hormones in adolescent patients with severe acne

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE Acne vulgaris in female adolescents, when severe or accompanied by other signs of androgenization, may represent a sign of hyperandrogenemia often underdiagnosed, which will have harmful consequences for adult life. The objective of this cross-sectional and retrospective study was to demonstrate the incidence of hormonal changes in the cases of female adolescents with severe or extensive acne, with or without other signs of hyperandrogenism, and propose a hormonal research pattern which should be indicated in order to detect early hyperandrogenemia. METHODS The medical records of 38 female patients aged between 9 and 15 years old with grade II and/or III acne were analyzed. The dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, dehydroepiandrostenedione, and androstenedione, total testosterone, and dihydrotestosterone sulfate hormones were required prior to initiation of treatment. The hormonal dosages were performed in the serum after at least 3 hours of fasting by means of radioimmunoassay tests. RESULTS Of the 38 patients included, 44.7% presented changes in androgen levels (hyperandrogenemia), and the two most frequently altered hormones were DHEA and androstenedione, with the same incidence (23.6%). CONCLUSIONS The correct and early diagnosis provides an effective and agile approach, including antiandrogen therapy, with the purpose of avoiding the reproductive and metabolic repercussions, besides controlling the inflammatory picture and avoid aesthetic complications.

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Psychosocial Impact of Acne: A Community Based Cross Sectional Study

COJ Nursing & Healthcare ◽

10.31031/cojnh.2018.03.000570 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 3 (4) ◽

Author(s):

Mohammad Sarwar Mir

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Social Impact ◽

Acne Vulgaris ◽

Clinical Severity ◽

Age Group ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Severe Acne ◽

Number Of Patients ◽

The Impact

Background: It is well-known that acne vulgaris is a common malady of adolescence and is easily recognized Objective: To evaluate the level of impact among acne patients on their quality of life. Methods: A total of 200 patients studied. Acne severity was graded using Global Acne Grading System (GAGS) after the clinical diagnosis. All the patients went through self-administered questionnaire of Cardiff Acne Disability Index (CADI) to fill out, to assess the reflection of patients’ experiences and perceptions. Result: Out of 200 patients, 114(57.0%) were females and 86(43.0%) were males. The maximum number of patients was in the age group of 16-20 years (142/200, 71%). Out of total 86 males, 50 (58.3%) had moderate to severe acne, whereas 62(54.38%) females had such a severe acne. 50.87% (58/114) of females had high CADI scores in comparison to only 27.9(24/86) of males. The impact on quality of life was more in the age-group of 21-30 years even though in this age group clinical severity of acne was mild to moderate only. Conclusion: Study found that individuals with acne had profound emotional, as well as, social impact on their quality of life.

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Hubungan antara Mencuci Wajah dengan Kejadian Akne Vulgaris pada Remaja Laki-laki di Manado

e-CliniC ◽

10.35790/ecl.v8i1.28310 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Fifin R. T. Sole ◽

Pieter L. Suling ◽

Tara S. Kairupan

Keyword(s):

Propionibacterium Acnes ◽

Acne Vulgaris ◽

Adolescent Males ◽

Personal Hygiene ◽

P Value ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Severe Acne ◽

Akne Vulgaris ◽

The Relationship

Abstract: Acne vulgaris is a chronic skin condition involving inflammation of the pilosebaceous follicle. The highest prevalence of acne vulgaris is at the age of 16-17 years. Pathogenic factors contributing to the development of acne vulgaris include increased sebum production, pilosebaceous follicular blockage, and increased colonization of Propionibacterium acnes. Personal hygiene is suggested as an important factor that needs to be maintained in acne prevention. Males tend to lack of awareness to seek information and health services in dealing with acne problems. This study was aimed to evaluate the relationship between facial washing and the incidence of acne vulgaris in adolescent males in Manado. This was an analytical and observational study using a cross-sectional design. Subjects were male students of 3rd grade at SMA Negeri 9 Manado, aged 16-19 years old, and met the inclusion and exclusion criteria, with a total number of 95 students. Subjects who washed their faces 2-3 times a day were 38 students (40%) while those who washed their faces less than twice or more than thrice a day were 57 students (60%). Subjects with no or mild acne vulgaris were 39 students (41.1%), while those with moderate to severe acne vulgaris were 56 students (58.9%). The chi-square showed a p-value of 0.004 for the relationship between the frequency of facial washing and the incidence of acne vulgaris. In conclusion, there was a significant relationship between facial washing and the incidence of acne vulgaris in adolescent males in Manado.Keywords: facial washing, acne vulgaris Abstrak: Akne vulgaris merupakan peradangan kronis folikel pilosebasea dengan prevalensi tertinggi pada usia 16-17 tahun. Faktor yang memengaruhi terjadinya akne vulgaris antara lain peningkatan produksi sebum, penyumbatan folikel pilosebasea, dan peningkatan kolonisasi bakteri Propionibacterium acnes. Kebersihan diri merupakan faktor penting yang perlu dijaga sebagai salah satu usaha untuk mencegah timbulnya akne. Laki-laki cenderung kurang memiliki kesadaran untuk mencari informasi dan pelayanan kesehatan dalam menangani masalah akne. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menilai hubungan antara mencuci wajah dengan kejadian akne vulgaris pada remaja laki-laki di Manado. Jenis penelitian ialah observasional analitik dengan desain potong lintang. Subjek penelitian ialah siswa laki-laki kelas 3 di SMA Negeri 9 Manado, usia 16-19 tahun, dan memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi, dengan jumlah total 95 siswa. Subjek yang mencuci wajah 2-3 kali sehari sebanyak 38 siswa (40%) sedangkan yang mencuci wajah kurang dari 2 kali atau lebih dari 3 kali sehari sebanyak 57 siswa (60%). Subjek tanpa akne vulgaris atau akne derajat ringan sebanyak 39 siswa (41,1%) sedangkan yang dengan akne vulgaris derajat sedang sampai berat sebanyak 56 siswa (58,9%). Uji chi-square memperlihatkan nilai p=0.004 terhadap hubungan antara frekuensi mencuci wajah dengan kejadian akne vulgaris. Simpulan penelitian ini ialah terdapat hubungan bermakna antara mencuci wajah dengan kejadian akne vulgaris pada remaja laki-laki di Manado.Kata kunci: mencuci wajah, akne vulgaris

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The Association of Obesity and Hyperandrogenemia during the Pubertal Transition in Girls: Obesity as a Potential Factor in the Genesis of Postpubertal Hyperandrogenism

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism ◽

10.1210/jc.2005-1852 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 91 (5) ◽

pp. 1714-1722 ◽

Cited By ~ 108

Author(s):

Christopher R. McCartney ◽

Kathleen A. Prendergast ◽

Sandhya Chhabra ◽

Christine A. Eagleson ◽

Richard Yoo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Polycystic Ovary ◽

Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Total Testosterone ◽

Early Puberty ◽

Pubertal Stage ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Pubertal Stages ◽

Potential Factor ◽

Sectional Analysis

Context: Adolescent hyperandrogenemia is considered a forerunner of adult polycystic ovary syndrome, but its etiology remains uncertain. Objective: Our objective was to explore the hypothesis that peripubertal obesity is associated with hyperandrogenemia. Design and Setting: We performed a cross-sectional analysis of data obtained at General Clinical Research Centers. Subjects: Subjects were 41 obese [body mass index (BMI) for age, ≥95%] and 35 normal-weight (BMI for age, <95%) peripubertal girls. Intervention: We used pooled blood samples (∼0500–0700 h; n = 64) while fasting or single morning (fasting) samples (n = 12). Main Outcome Measures: We assessed adiposity and androgen concentrations. Results: BMI correlated with total testosterone (T) (rs = 0.59), SHBG (rs = −0.69), and free T (rs = 0.69); free T was three times as great in obese girls compared with normal-weight girls (P < 0.0001 for all). BMI correlated with insulin (rs = 0.52); both insulin and LH correlated with free T (rs = 0.45 and 0.44, respectively; P < 0.001 for all). When analyzing early pubertal girls (pubertal stages 1–3; n = 36) alone, BMI correlated with total T (rs = 0.65), SHBG (rs = −0.74), and free T (rs = 0.75); free T was five times as great in obese early-pubertal girls (P < 0.001 for all). BMI correlated with insulin (rs = 0.65), and insulin correlated with free T (rs = 0.63, P < 0.01 for both). BMI correlated with free T while simultaneously adjusting for age, pubertal stage, insulin, LH, and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate. Conclusion: Peripubertal obesity is associated with marked hyperandrogenemia, which is especially pronounced in early puberty.

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Assessing of the Risk Factor & Determine Epidemiology of Acne Vulgaris in Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital

Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International ◽

10.9734/jpri/2021/v33i39a32169 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 261-271

Author(s):

Rajesh Hadia ◽

Idrisi Mohammed Tousif ◽

Avani Kapadia ◽

Suchitra Pillai ◽

Hemraj Singh Rajput ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Acne Vulgaris ◽

Seborrheic Dermatitis ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Study Data ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Severe Acne ◽

Factor Determine ◽

History Of ◽

The Common ◽

Social Habits

Background: Acne vulgaris remains one of the commonest diseases to afflict humanity, with over 90% of males and 80% of females affected by the age of 21 years. Objectives: The aim of this study was to assessing the specific risk factors, determine the epidemiology and etiology of Acne Vulgaris. Methodology: It is a cross-sectional observational study conducted for a period of six month in the department of dermatology, Dhiraj General Hospital, Vadodara. Patients who were diagnosed with acne vulgaris and fulfilled the inclusion criteria were enrolled in the study. Data was collected by filling the patient medical record sheet. Result: Total 300 patients were included in the study. Out of which 38.67% males and 61.33% females were found affected by Acne Vulgaris. The mean age group affected were found to be 21.77±4.06 years. When compared their social habits, patients consumed more caffeine (49.67%) than alcohol (24.67%), smoking (15.33%) and tobacco (5.67%). 32.33% patients also had history of seborrheic dermatitis. Using GAGS scale, we found 94% patients suffered from moderate Acne condition while 6% suffered from severe Acne condition. Conclusion: Acne Vulgaris was predominantly found in females in adolescence and in males in adulthood. The severity was found more in males than females. The common site for Acne Vulgaris was found to be face while comedones and papules were the common types of lesions. Stress was found to be one of the major aggravating factors for severity of Acne Vulgaris.

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Reproductive health in first-degree relatives of patients with polycystic ovary syndrome: a review and meta-analysis

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism ◽

10.1210/clinem/dgab640 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Dan Shan ◽

Jinbiao Han ◽

Yitong Cai ◽

Li Zou ◽

Liangzhi Xu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽

Polycystic Ovary ◽

Morphological Changes ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate ◽

Total Testosterone ◽

Cochrane Central Register ◽

Ovary Syndrome ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

First Degree Relatives

Abstract Objective Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a highly heritable disease. Emerging evidence elucidated the elevated prevalence of reproductive abnormalities in first-degree relatives (FDRs) of patients with PCOS. Methods Ten databases were searched in December 2020 (PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, ClinicalTrials.gov, CBM, CNKI, VIP and WanFang and WHO international clinical trials registry platform). This study included cohort, case–control, or cross-sectional studies. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis statement was followed. Dichotomous data from each of the eligible studies were combined by Mantel-Haenszel model. Standard mean differences with 95% confidence intervals were assessed. Heterogeneities were assessed using I 2 statistics, and the quality of evidence was evaluated by AHRQ EPC program and GRADE approach. Results Thirty-eight studies were included. The prevalence of PCOS (0.22; 95%CI 0.16 to 0.29), menstrual irregularities (0.28; 95%CI 0.22 to 0.34, P<0.01) and ovary morphological changes were elevated in female PCOS FDRs. Female FDRs also presented with increased levels of luteinizing hormone, total testosterone (SMD, 0.53; 95%CI 0.28 to 0.78, P<0.01), unconjugated testosterone, free androgen index, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS), and anti-Mullerian hormone levels. Subgroup analyses indicated that some of these changes begun in pubertal girls. Furthermore, fathers of PCOS had higher risk of premature baldness. The DHEAS level was elevated in male FDRs. Conclusions The findings of this analysis suggested that FDRs of patients with PCOS suffered from reproductive endocrinological dysregulations. Thus, more attention should be focused on this population. (PROSPERO–CRD42020183243)

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Epidemiological Risk Factors Associated with Acne Vulgaris Presentation, Severity, and Scarring in a Singapore Chinese Population: A Cross-Sectional Study

Dermatology ◽

10.1159/000516232 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

Anna Hwee Sing Heng ◽

Yee-How Say ◽

Yang Yie Sio ◽

Yu Ting Ng ◽

Fook Tim Chew

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Dietary Habits ◽

Acne Vulgaris ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Severe Acne ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Singapore Chinese ◽

Acne Scarring

Background: Acne vulgaris is classified based on the severity of skin lesions and post-healing scar types of these lesions. Numerous epidemiology studies have investigated the risk factors associated with acne presentation and severity, but studies for acne scarring are lacking. Objective: To investigate the prevalence of acne, severity, and scarring grades and their associated risk factors among Singapore Chinese. Methods: A total of 3,888 subjects (2,090 cases/1,798 controls; median age = 21 ± 4.589; range 17–71) completed an investigator-administered questionnaire as part of a cross-sectional study, which included sociodemographics, familial medical history, lifestyle factors, dietary habits, and acne history. Acne cases were further evaluated for their severity (n = 991) and scarring (n = 988) grades by a trained personnel. Results: The majority of the acne cases had mild acne/grade 1 scarring, while less than 1% had severe acne/grade 4 scarring. Parental acne was significantly associated with acne presentation and moderate/severe acne, while sibling acne was significantly associated with grade 3/4 scarring. Gender and age affected acne severity and scarring but not acne presentation, while tertiary maternal education level and the possession of ≥3 siblings were particularly associated with acne scarring. Underweight BMI was protective against acne presentation, while atopic diseases (asthma, allergic rhinitis, eczema) were its predisposing factors. Of the evaluated lifestyle factors, computer/TV usage had significant association with acne presentation, while alcohol consumption was significantly associated with acne severity. Frequent milk consumption was associated with a protective effect for moderate-severe acne, while frequent butter consumption had a detrimental effect on acne scarring extent. Conclusion: Positive familial history is a strong predisposing factor in determining acne presentation, severity, and scarring. Demographic factors (gender, age) and sedentary lifestyle (increased computer/TV usage) influence acne presentation, while dietary habits (milk and butter consumption) influence acne severity and scarring. The predisposing factors revealed in this study could help us to gain insights into acne pathophysiology and hence develop interventions especially targeting modifiable risk factors.

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Testosterone Levels and Quality of Life in Diverse Male Patients With Cancers Unrelated to Androgens

Journal of Clinical Oncology ◽

10.1200/jco.2010.30.3818 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 28 (34) ◽

pp. 5054-5060 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Stewart B. Fleishman ◽

Hina Khan ◽

Peter Homel ◽

Mohammad F. Suhail ◽

Rotraud Strebel-Amrhein ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Sexual Function ◽

Sex Hormone Binding Globulin ◽

Total Testosterone ◽

Hormonal Changes ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Patients With Cancer ◽

Male Patients ◽

The Mean

Purpose Symptoms secondary to hormonal changes significantly impact quality of life (QoL) in patients with cancer. This cross-sectional study examines prevalence of hypogonadism and its correlation with QoL and sexual dysfunction. Patients and Methods We collected blood and medical histories from 428 male patients with non–testosterone-related cancer at three cancer centers. Serum was analyzed for total testosterone (TT), free testosterone (FT), bioavailable testosterone (BAT), and sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG). The Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Prostate (FACT-P) QoL questionnaire measured physical, social, emotional, and functional domains as well as sexual function. Exclusion criteria were prostate, testicular, or male breast cancer; known hypogonadism; and HIV. Results Mean and median TTs were 337.46 and 310 ng/dL, respectively. The mean age of patients was 62.05 years. The crude prevalence of hypogonadism (ie, TT < 300 ng/dL) was 48%, and mean TT in hypogonadal patients was 176 ng/dL. The prevalences that were based on FT (ie, hypogonadal < 52 pg/dL) and BAT (ie, hypogonadal < 95 ng/dL) were 78% and 66%, respectively. The mean FT and BAT values in hypogonadal patients were 25 pg/dL and 45 ng/dL, respectively. Hypogonadal patients had decreased total QoL scores on FACT-P (P = .01) and decreased three-item sexual function subset (P = .003). Conclusion The prevalence of hypogonadism was unexpectedly high. Measurement of FT or BAT detected a higher prevalence than TT alone, which confirmed previous studies. Correlation of T with FACT-P showed significant reduction of both overall QoL and sexual function for hypogonadal men. BAT and FT levels showed a stronger correlation than TT with overall FACT-P and subscales. The prevalence of symptomatic hypogonadism in male patients with cancer exceeds that found in comparable studies in noncancer populations.

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GPs’ practice and attitudes to initiating isotretinoin for acne vulgaris in Ireland: a cross-sectional questionnaire survey in primary care

British Journal of General Practice ◽

10.3399/bjgp20x712337 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 70 (698) ◽

pp. e651-e656

Author(s):

Kevin Carmody ◽

Martin Rouse ◽

Dermot Nolan ◽

Diarmuid Quinlan

Keyword(s):

Primary Care ◽

General Practice ◽

Questionnaire Survey ◽

Acne Vulgaris ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Severe Acne ◽

Irish College ◽

Pregnancy Testing ◽

Suboptimal Adherence ◽

Key Drivers

BackgroundIsotretinoin is prescribed in secondary care for severe acne vulgaris. Anecdotal reports suggest that GPs in Ireland currently initiate isotretinoin.AimTo ascertain the prevalence and management of isotretinoin in Irish general practice and to describe GPs’ attitudes about the use of isotretinoin in Ireland.Design and settingA cross-sectional questionnaire survey of GPs in Ireland between October 2018 and February 2019.MethodTwo short questionnaires were developed: one for GPs who prescribe isotretinoin and one for GPs who do not prescribe isotretinoin. Questionnaires were distributed via email and online via GP Forum to GPs in Ireland.ResultsOf a total 298 GPs who completed the questionnaire, 52 (17%) initiated isotretinoin. Older GPs (aged 35 years) and male GPs were more likely to prescribe isotretinoin. GPs cited prolonged dermatology waiting lists (n = 34, 65%) and a special interest in dermatology (n = 31, 60%) as two key drivers to initiating isotretinoin. However, this study found evidence of suboptimal blood monitoring, pregnancy testing, and contraceptive advice. Most GPs (n = 246, 83%) did not initiate isotretinoin and identified multiple barriers: medicolegal concerns (n = 150, 61%), being unaware that GPs may initiate isotretinoin (n = 135, 55%), and being unfamiliar with managing isotretinoin (n = 102, 41%). Important enablers to initiating isotretinoin cited by GPs include Irish College of General Practitioners guidelines (n = 118, 48%) and dermatologist support (n = 119, 48%). Two-thirds of the GPs questioned (n = 164, 67%) expressed an interest in initiating isotretinoin and most (n = 223, 91%) agreed that GPs can safely manage isotretinoin.ConclusionFew GPs in Ireland currently initiate treatment of acne with isotretinoin, and there is suboptimal adherence to recommended monitoring. Barriers to and enablers for GPs initiating isotretinoin were identified. Most GPs expressed an interest in initiating isotretinoin.

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A Study on Prevalence of Acne Vulgaris and Its Impact on Quality of Life in Adolescents of Kendriya Vidyalaya’s of Jalahalli Area of Bangalore

International Journal of Health Sciences and Research ◽

10.52403/ijhsr.20210905 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (9) ◽

pp. 33-40

Author(s):

Shabnam .

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Acne Vulgaris ◽

Poor Quality ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Developmental Issues ◽

Severe Acne ◽

Strong Relation ◽

Socio Demographic Factors ◽

The Impact

Background and Objective: Acne vulgaris is a chronic condition affecting more than 85% of adolescents and young adults. It is one of the most common diseases affecting humanity and its impact on quality of life (QoL) is important. The interaction of acne and psychosocial issues is complex and, in adolescence, can be associated with developmental issues of body image, socialization and sexuality. Thus, the present study was conducted to assess the prevalence of acne vulgaris, its impact on quality of life and to study socio-demographic factors, family history and lifestyle among the selected schools in Jalahalli area of Bengaluru. Methods: The present study was descriptive cross sectional school based study conducted in the Jallahalli area of Bengaluru city from January 2017 to December 2017. A total of 200 subjects were included. A predesigned, pretested, structured questionnaire consisting of questions on various aspects regarding socio-demographic profile, assessment of quality of life and symptoms of acne vulgaris were administered to the participants fulfilling inclusion criteria. Data regarding the severity of acne vulgaris and Quality of life status were obtained by using Global Acne Grading System and CADI and CDLQI/DLQI respectively. SPSS 18.0 software was used for data analysis. Results: Findings of the study revealed that, Acne prevalence was 87% affecting both sexes. Self reported mild acne was present in 85.1% and moderate severe acne in 14.9% of the adolescents. The mean age of the subjects was 14.78 years. 52.5% were females and 47.5% were males. A strong relation was found between the severity of acne and quality of life (p<0.001).Subject with moderate/severe acne experience greater impairment in quality of life (p<0.001). Heredity is correlated with acne and its severity was significant. Interpretation and Conclusion: Acne affects the quality of life of an adolescent. The impact is proportional to the severity of acne. More severe acne is associated with greater effect on quality of life. The present study reveals that increasing prevalence of Acne vulgaris and poor quality of life among the adolescents. Evaluation of quality of life in such patients may greatly help in the better management of acne, hence improving their quality of life. Key words: Acne vulgaris; Adolescent; Quality of life; GAGS; CDLQI/DLQI.

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Cutaneous manifestation of polycystic ovary syndrome

Dermatology Reports ◽

10.4081/dr.2021.8799 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Mohammad A. Abusailik ◽

Alsharif M. Muhanna ◽

Adam A. Almuhisen ◽

Abdullah M. Alhasanat ◽

Ayed M. Alshamaseen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽

Polycystic Ovary ◽

Acne Vulgaris ◽

Free Testosterone ◽

Cutaneous Manifestation ◽

Androgenetic Alopecia ◽

Total Testosterone ◽

Ovary Syndrome ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Cutaneous Manifestations

The aim of this cross-sectional study, that included 146 polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) patients, was to evaluate the prevalence, severity and pattern of cutaneous manifestation in Jordanian women with PCOS, as well as their correlation with hormonal abnormalities. A thorough complete cutaneous examination, hormonal assays (Luteinizing hormone [LH], follicle stimulating hormone [FSH], prolactin, total testosterone, free testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate) and pelvic ultrasonography were done. The most common cutaneous features of PCOS were acne vulgaris (75.3%) followed by hirsutism (59.6%) then seborrhea (43.2%) and androgenetic alopecia (42.5%). Patients who had acne vulgaris presented at a younger age than patients who did not. Patients who had androgenetic alopecia and stria were older than patients with no such features. Moreover, all cutaneous manifestations of PCOS, except for acne, were associated with higher body mass index (BMI). Elevated LH:FSH ratio of more than 2:1 was the most common hormonal abnormality, followed by increased LH and total testosterone. Acne, hirsutism, androgenetic alopecia, seborrhea, acanthosis nigricans and skin tags are common cutaneous manifestations among Jordanian patients with PCOS. The existence of one or more of these features, especially in overweight and obese patients, should alert the physician towards the possibility of having PCOS.

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