scholarly journals Metabolites from endophytic Aspergillus fumigatus and their in vitro effect against the causal agent of tuberculosis

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily Marcele Soares SILVA ◽  
Ingrid Reis da SILVA ◽  
Mauricio Morishi OGUSKU ◽  
Clarice Maia CARVALHO ◽  
Cristina Sayuri MAKI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Fumigatus ◽  
Fermentation Broth ◽  
Antimicrobial Effect ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Causal Agent ◽  
Flash Chromatography ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Natural Sources ◽  
Vitro Effect

ABSTRACT Tuberculosis (TB) remains one of the most deadly communicable infectious diseases, causing 1.4 million deaths in 2015 worldwide due to many conditions, including the inadequate treatment and the emergence of multidrug-resistant strains of the causal agent, Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Therefore, drugs developed from natural sources, as microorganisms and plant extracts, are a frequent target for the research and discovery of antimicrobial compounds. The current study started the characterization of compounds produced by an Aspergillus fumigatus isolated from copaíba (Copaifera multijuga) that efficiently inhibits M. tuberculosis by releasing the compounds into the fermentation broth under specific culture conditions. A preliminary assay was carried out with a correlate species, M. smegmatis, aiming to detect an antimicrobial effect related to A. fumigatus fermentation broth. The direct use of this substrate in antibiosis assays againstM. tuberculosis H37Rv strain (ATCC 27294) allowed the detection of antimicrobial activity with a minimal inhibitory concentration of 256 μg mL-1, demonstrating that purification processes developed by the Biotage Flash Chromatography System are robust and reliable techniques for purification of compounds from natural sources. Also, this chromatographic system can be used in combination with specific biochemical tests, improving the search for reliable results. We conclude that this fraction can express a broad action range, inhibiting both Mycobacterium species used as target organisms.

scholarly journals In Vitro Effect of Photodynamic Therapy with Different Lights and Combined or Uncombined with Chlorhexidine on Candida spp.

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1176
Author(s):  
Vanesa Pérez-Laguna ◽  
Yolanda Barrena-López ◽  
Yolanda Gilaberte ◽  
Antonio Rezusta
Keyword(s):  
Photodynamic Therapy ◽  
Light Emitting Diode ◽  
Antimicrobial Effect ◽  
Photodynamic Treatment ◽  
Candida Spp ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
Vitro Effect

Candidiasis is very common and complicated to treat in some cases due to increased resistance to antifungals. Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) is a promising alternative treatment. It is based on the principle that light of a specific wavelength activates a photosensitizer molecule resulting in the generation of reactive oxygen species that are able to kill pathogens. The aim here is the in vitro photoinactivation of three strains of Candida spp., Candida albicans ATCC 10231, Candida parapsilosis ATCC 22019 and Candida krusei ATCC 6258, using aPDT with different sources of irradiation and the photosensitizer methylene blue (MB), alone or in combination with chlorhexidine (CHX). Irradiation was carried out at a fluence of 18 J/cm2 with a light-emitting diode (LED) lamp emitting in red (625 nm) or a white metal halide lamp (WMH) that emits at broad-spectrum white light (420–700 nm). After the photodynamic treatment, the antimicrobial effect is evaluated by counting colony forming units (CFU). MB-aPDT produces a 6 log10 reduction in the number of CFU/100 μL of Candida spp., and the combination with CHX enhances the effect of photoinactivation (effect achieved with lower concentration of MB). Both lamps have similar efficiencies, but the WMH lamp is slightly more efficient. This work opens the doors to a possible clinical application of the combination for resistant or persistent forms of Candida infections.

scholarly journals SKRINING BAKTERI ANTAGONIS RALSTONIA SP., PENYEBAB PENYAKIT LAYU BAKTERI PISANG DI LAMPUNG

2007 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 100-110
Author(s):  
Titik Nur Aeny ◽  
Radix Suharjo ◽  
Subli Mujim
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Wilt ◽  
Plant Disease ◽  
Hypersensitive Reaction ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Causal Agent ◽  
Antagonistic Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Identification ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Colony Color

Screening on Antagonistic Bacteria of Ralstonia sp., the Causal Agent of Banana Bacterial Wilt in Lampung. This study was conducted on May to October 2006. This study was aimed to screen and collect potential bacterial antagonists toward Ralstonia sp., the causal agent of banana bacterial wilt; to identify the collected potential antagonists, and to test the capability of the bacterial antagonist in vitro. A survey to collect soil samples was conducted in 5 districts in Lampung, namely Bandar Lampung, Lampung Selatan, Tanggamus, Lampung Utara, Lampung Tengah, and Lampung Timur. Identification and test of the antagonistic capability was done in the Plant Disease Laboratory, University of Lampung. Identification of the antagonist bacteria was done through several biochemical tests i.e. : gram reaction, hypersensitive reaction on tobacco, oxidative-fermentative, colony color on YDC medium, fluoresence, nitrate reduction, gelatin reduction and starch hydrolise.  The results were then compared to the guidelines of bacterial identification. Twenty one soil samples were collected from those surveyed areas to isolate antagonist bacteria, and 104 isolates were found to be antagonistic to Ralstonia sp.. Based on the biochemical tests, it was showed that 59 isolates were in the group of fluorecent pseudomonad and 45 ones were still unidentified. Out of 104 isolates found, 41 isolates have the ability to inhibit the growth of Ralstonia sp.

scholarly journals Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Potential of Satureja hortensis L. in Fresh Cow Cheese

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ersilia Alexa ◽  
Corina Danciu ◽  
Ileana Cocan ◽  
Monica Negrea ◽  
Adriana Morar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Antimicrobial Effect ◽  
Alcoholic Extract ◽  
Satureja Hortensis ◽  
Fresh Cheese ◽  
Vitro Effect

This study presents data about the chemical composition and antimicrobial effect of Satureja hortensis L. used as both dry plant and essential oil, on fresh cow’s cheese, in order to extend its shelf-life. The proximate and elemental composition of dry plant of Satureja hortensis L. highlights important level of microelements. The content of microelements increases even when small amounts of Satureja hortensis in fresh cheese were added. The addition of Satureja hortensis dry plant leads to an increase in Fe (13.46–65.54%) and Mn (8.33–88.33%) content of fresh cheese, depending on the amount of plant added. The composition of essential oil isolated from Satureja hortensis L. was analyzed by GC-MS and the main compounds found were carvacrol (19.68%), o-cymene (30.86%), and p-cymene (28.07%). In order to use Satureja hortensis L. as natural preservative in food industry, in vitro effect of plant extract and essential oil against Staphylococcus aureus Gram-positive bacteria was tested. The oil of Satureja hortensis L. showed antimicrobial activity at 0.50–1.5%, while the alcoholic extract does not inhibit Staphylococcus aureus mycelial growth. The antimicrobial effect of Satureja hortensis L. dry plant in various proportions (0.5–1.5%) and essential oil (0.1%; 0.25%; 0.5%), on fresh cow’s cheese, was assessed after 3 and 7 days by counting colonies obtained at 30°C. Results have shown that the addition of Satureja hortensis L. dry plant and essential oil led to a reduction in the total number of germs, this reduction being more significant when the essential oil was used. Regarding the effect of Satureja hortensis L. essential oil against Staphylococcus aureus inoculated in fresh cow’s cheese, the results highlight that the essential oil of Satureja hortensis L. may be a natural solution to prevent the development of this bacteria, while the ethanol extract does not prove to be effective.

scholarly journals Novel Polyketides Produced by the Endophytic Fungus Aspergillus Fumigatus from Cordyceps Sinensis

Molecules ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (7) ◽  
pp. 1709 ◽  
Author(s):  
Da-Le Guo ◽  
Xiao-Hua Li ◽  
Dan Feng ◽  
Meng-Ying Jin ◽  
Yu-Mei Cao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Fumigatus ◽  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Endophytic Fungus ◽  
Fermentation Broth ◽  
2D Nmr ◽  
Cordyceps Sinensis ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Ic50 Values

Five new polyketides, including two pairs of enantiomers and a racemate, were isolated from the fermentation broth of Aspergillus fumigatus, an endophytic fungus isolated from Cordyceps sinensis. Their structures were identified using one-dimensional (1D) and two-dimensional (2D) NMR experiments, and the absolute configurations of the enantiomers were confirmed using electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculations. Compounds 1a and 2a exhibited inhibitory activity against the MV4-11 cell line in vitro, with IC50 values of 23.95 µM and 32.70 µM, respectively.

Tissue Factor Expression on Mesothelial Cells is Induced during in vitro Culture – Manipulation of Culture Conditions Creates Perspectives for Mesothelial Cells as a Source for Cell Seeding Procedures on Vascular Grafts

1995 ◽  
Vol 74 (04) ◽  
pp. 1096-1102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hence J M Verhagen ◽  
Glenda J Heijnen-Snyder ◽  
Tom Vink ◽  
Apollo Pronk ◽  
Theo J M V van Vroonhoven ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Factor ◽  
Calf Serum ◽  
Small Diameter ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Mesothelial Cells ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitor ◽  
Vitro Effect

SummaryLining the luminal surface of prosthetic small diameter bypasses with endothelial cells (EC) will lower its thrombogenicity. Unfortunately, human EC are only scarcely available. Mesotheliai cells (MC) have antithrombotic properties in vivo and can be harvested in large numbers, from the omentum. Recent work demonstrated that the expression of tissue factor (TF) is induced in MC after isolation and culture. Different culture conditions were studied to suppress TF-expression.MC grown in pooled human serum (HS) are procoagulant (717 ± 119 pM factor Xa/min.105 cells). Replacing HS for fetal calf serum, precoating the surface with extracellular matrix and the addition of the xanthine-oxidase inhibitor allopurinol, inhibited TF expression by 90% (p <0.001). Allopurinol clearly reduced TF-mRNA levels.TF expression on cultured MC is an in-vitro effect due to culture conditions and the formation of oxygen free radicals. By reducing TF expression by 90%, we have established conditions in which MC are a good alternative for EC for seeding on synthetic grafts.

Antigens ofAspergillus fumigatusexpressed during infection

1995 ◽  
Vol 73 (S1) ◽  
pp. 1087-1091 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Paul Debeaupuis ◽  
Jacqueline Sarfati ◽  
Hidemitsu Kobayashi ◽  
Drion G. Boucias ◽  
Anne Beauvais ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Aspergillosis ◽  
Aspergillus Fumigatus ◽  
Virulence Gene ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Infection Process ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Virulence Determinants

Aspergillus fumigatus secretes an array of antigenic molecules in vitro and in vivo. Recent progresses have been made in the characterization and standardization of A. fumigatus antigens useful for the serodiagnosis of aspergillosis. The chymotrypsin antigen has been purified and can be utilized for the diagnosis of aspergillosis occurring in patients with an immunocompetent B cell population. In the case of immunosuppressed patients suffering from invasive aspergillosis, new methods have been developed to detect the galactofuran containing antigen in the serum. The chemical configuration of this molecule is now known. In contrast to their potential in diagnosis, very little progress has been made on the study of the biochemical and pathoimmunological role of these antigens during the infection process. Two reasons can be advanced for this lack of understanding of the virulence determinants. First of all, antigens studied have been produced in vitro in a dextrose rich medium where pH reaches a value below 5 at maximal growth. These culture conditions are very different from the nutritional environment of the lung, which is a protein-based medium with a slightly basic pH. Antigens expressed under these nutritional conditions are very different from the ones detected in vitro. Second, A. fumigatus is an opportunistic fungus which is characterized by a multifactorial virulence. Gene disruption strategy is not adequate to discriminate the role of a factor in the virulence of the fungus. In contrast, as shown by the studies on two toxins of A. fumigatus, a direct effect of an antigen can be seen directly when several fungal molecules are tested in conjunction on host cells. Key words: Aspergillus fumigatus, antigen, invasive aspergillosis, galactomannan, protease.

scholarly journals AB0145 EFFECTS OF IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE MEDICATION ON TYPE I INTERFERON ACTIVATION: IN VITRO ANALYSIS SHOWS A DOWNREGULATING EFFECT ON IFN ACTIVATION OF HYDROXYCHLOROQUINE AND ASPIRIN

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 1373.3-1373
Author(s):  
M. J. Wahadat ◽  
M. Lourens ◽  
E. Huijser ◽  
C. G. Van Helden-Meeuwsen ◽  
S. Kamphuis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Immunosuppressive Agents ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type I Ifn ◽  
Direct Role ◽  
Immunosuppressive Medication ◽  
Vitro Effect

Background:Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is prototypic Interferon (IFN) driven autoimmune disease characterized by an increased expression of type-I IFN stimulated genes, known as the IFN signature. The inhibitory effects of various drugs like Hydroxychloroquine and more recently Aspirin on IFN inducing pathways (1, 2) led to the idea that some standard of care drugs might decrease the IFN score in patients. Data on the in vitro effect of immunosuppressive medication on IFN activation are limited. Testing immunosuppressive agents for their effect on IFN activation in vitro will give insight into the mechanisms of IFN activation in vivo and the effect of immunosuppressive medication on this activation.Objectives:To study the effect of immunosuppressive medication on the type-I IFN signature in anin vitromodelMethods:Freshly isolated human PBMCs were stimulated for 24 hours with or without CpG-A or Imiquimod (IQ) or transfected with the cGAS agonist G3-YSD to induce IFN upregulation through the TLR7/9- and DNA Sensing Receptor-pathway respectively. To assess the direct role of the medication on the downstream pathway of the IFNAR PBMCs were stimulated with IFN-a2b. Aspirin, diclofenac, HCQ, Mycophenolate Mofetil (MMF) and prednisone were added separately to these cultures followed by analysis of MxA by qPCR as a readout for IFN type I activation. Cell viability in all culture conditions was above 85%.Results:The type I IFN activation induced by CpG-A, IQ, G3-YSD and IFN-a2b was significantly reduced after addition of Aspirin. Addition of diclofenac showed a trend towards reduced levels in all conditions. HCQ was able to significantly reduce the TLR7/9 induced IFN activation by CpG-A and IQ while MMF and prednisone did not show an effect in any of the culture conditions.Conclusion:The IFN activation induced by the stimulation of various IFN inducing pathways was significantly reduced by Aspirin and HCQ in an in vitro model. Combining both clinical andin vitrodata from our longitudinal cohort of childhood-onset SLE patients will elucidate the effect of different immunosuppressive drugs on the type-I IFN signature in these patients.References:[1]Kuznik A, Bencina M, Svajger U, Jeras M, Rozman B, Jerala R. Mechanism of endosomal TLR inhibition by antimalarial drugs and imidazoquinolines. J Immunol. 2011;186(8):4794-804.[2]Dai J, Huang YJ, He X, Zhao M, Wang X, Liu ZS, et al. Acetylation Blocks cGAS Activity and Inhibits Self-DNA-Induced Autoimmunity. Cell. 2019;176(6):1447-60 e14.Disclosure of Interests:None declared

Neutrophil migration through in vitro interstitial matrix

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 894-895
Author(s):  
J. Roemer ◽  
S.R. Simon
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Cell Migration ◽  
Smooth Muscle Cells ◽  
Inflammatory Cell ◽  
Neutrophil Migration ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Aortic Smooth Muscle ◽  
Specific Culture

We are developing an in vitro interstitial extracellular matrix (ECM) system for study of inflammatory cell migration. Falcon brand Cyclopore membrane inserts of various pore sizes are used as a support substrate for production of ECM by R22 rat aortic smooth muscle cells. Under specific culture conditions these cells produce a highly insoluble matrix consisting of typical interstitial ECM components, i.e.: types I and III collagen, elastin, proteoglycans and fibronectin.

In vitro effect of an aqueous extract of Artocarpus lakoocha on the intestinal parasites in cattle

Planta Medica ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 76 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
N Saowakon ◽  
P Chaichanasak ◽  
C Wanichanon ◽  
V Reutrakul ◽  
P Sobhon
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Vitro Effect
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