scholarly journals Compensatory strategies for the alveolar flap [ɾ] production in the presence of ankyloglossia

Revista CEFAC ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberta Lopes de Castro Martinelli ◽  
Irene Queiroz Marchesan ◽  
Giédre Berretin-Felix
Keyword(s):  
Frame Analysis ◽  
Statistical Treatment ◽  
Brazilian Portuguese ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Compensatory Strategies ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Video Recordings ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Gender

ABSTRACT Purpose: to analyze the compensatory strategies used by subjects with ankyloglossia for the production of the consonantal alveolar flap sound /ɾ/. Methods: a cross-sectional analytic observational comparative study was conducted with 88 subjects, 44 being diagnosed with ankyloglossia and 44 with normal lingual frenulum, matched by age and gender. They were asked to repeat the syllable /ra/ five times in a row. Video recordings of the speech were taken. Frame by frame analysis of all recordings were performed to verify tongue, lip, and mandible movements during the production of the alveolar flap. The analysis of the films was performed by two Speech Language Pathologists specialized in Orofacial Myofunctional Disorder. Fisher’s Exact Test was used for statistical treatment (p≤0.05.) Results: the frame by frame analysis of the alveolar flap production of subjects with and without ankyloglossia showed that subjects with ankyloglossia performed several compensatory strategies when producing this sound. There was a statistically significant difference (p=0.001) when subjects with and without ankyloglossia were compared. Conclusion: subjects with ankyloglossia used several lip, tongue, and mandible compensatory strategies to produce the Brazilian Portuguese consonantal alveolar flap /ɾ/.

Evaluation of the Fibromyalgia and Related Risk Factors in Patients with Advanced Kidney Failure Undergoing Hemodialysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyed Mostafa Seyedmardani ◽  
Saeed Abkhiz ◽  
Azadeh Megrazi ◽  
Aarefeh Jafarzade ◽  
Golshan Kamali Zonouz
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Kidney Failure ◽  
Fibromyalgia Syndrome ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Hemodialysis Patients ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Symptom Severity Score ◽  
And Gender

Background : Fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) is defined as widespread and persistent pain in the musculoskeletal system. There are limited reports regarding the prevalence of fibromyalgia syndrome in patients with advanced kidney failure undergoing regular hemodialysis. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of fibromyalgia syndrome and its risk factors in a large proportion of patients under the hemodialysis condition. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 293 patients who were admitted to the hemodialysis ward were evaluated for fibromyalgia syndrome in an educational hospital. The questionnaire was designed according to symptom severity score (SS score) and widespread pain index (WPI) criteria. The correlation between FMS and various variables, including demographic, clinical, and biochemistry biomarkers, was also precisely calculated by logistic regression. Data were analyzed using SPSS v.17 statistics software. Results: The results showed that, of 293 hemodialysis patients, 130 patients (44.4%) had fibromyalgia, the mean age of patients with and without fibromyalgia was 61.09 ± 15.36 and 53.49 ± 15.38 years old, respectively (P = 0.001). Moreover, there was a significant difference in terms of gender among patients with fibromyalgia syndrome (P = 0.001). To note, there was no significant relationship between the kidney failure etiopathogenesis, duration of dialysis, body mass index (BMI), Kt/v index, history of peritoneal dialysis, and laboratory parameters with fibromyalgia in hemodialysis patients (P > 0.05). However, our findings revealed that both age and gender could be considered as the predictor variables associated with fibromyalgia in patients undergoing hemodialysis. Conclusion: Taken together, in this study, we found that age and gender would be the critical factors in terms of the fibromyalgia syndrome in patients undergoing hemodialysis.

scholarly journals Escherichia coli as uropathogen: antibiotic susceptibility profiling

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 433
Author(s):  
Anuja Jha ◽  
Manju Agrawal ◽  
Arvind Neral ◽  
Rajesh Hishikar ◽  
Basant Maheshwari
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Therapy ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
P Value ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Uncomplicated Cystitis

Background: Empirically chosen antibiotics based on the local resistance pattern of uropathogens remain the principle treatment of urinary tract infections (UTI).Methods: Antibiogram of most frequent uropathogen was determined. Based on the antibiogram result, authors compared effectiveness of drugs recommended for UTI by National centre for disease control (NCDC), India, and assessed age and gender based variability in the effectiveness of these drugs.Results: 1278 urine samples were accounted, of which 405 samples showed significant growth. E. coli was the most common uropathogen (n=146, 36%) followed by enterococcus species (31%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (10%). Using McNemar’s test authors found that nitrofurantoin (90% sensitivity) was statistically the most effective drug among drugs recommended by NCDC for uncomplicated cystitis. Furthermore, authors used Fisher’s exact test on adults and paediatrics and found that significant difference in effectiveness was observed for nitrofurantoin (p-value <0.001) and cotrimoxazole (p-value 0.034). Using logistic regression, authors found that with age, effectiveness of ciprofloxacin and cotrimoxazole deteriorate significantly (p-value 0.021 and 0.002 respectively). Additionally, authors observed that cotrimoxazole has significantly better efficacy in males compared to females (p-value 0.022).Conclusions: In accordance with present study, nitrofurantoin can be used as first line treatment for uncomplicated cystitis. Age and gender should be considered while prescribing empirical treatment for UTI. Periodic surveillance should be carried out to identify the on-going pattern of antibiogram to update the guideline for empirical therapy.

scholarly journals Assessment of knowledge about Tetanus Diphtheria vaccination of patients with trauma among medical interns: an analytical cross sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-25
Author(s):  
Parham Maroufi ◽  
Jafar Ghobadi ◽  
Mina Mojarrad ◽  
Ali Adib
Keyword(s):  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Traumatic Event ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Tetanus Vaccination ◽  
Medical Interns ◽  
And Gender

Introduction: Considering the importance of tetanus vaccination in children and adults, recognizing the necessities and priorities of tetanus vaccine injection is essential for health care providers. Medical interns have a crucial role in treating patients at hospitals and as future physicians. This study aims to evaluate Tabriz University of Medical Sciences medical interns' knowledge about tetanus vaccination in patients with trauma. Methods: All interns of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences enrolled in the study. Interns who did not want to participate in the study and those on-call were excluded from the study. Eventually, 250 interns gathered in a conference hall, and a questionnaire of 10 questions was presented to them as a hypothetical traumatic event. Correct and incorrect answers to each question, age, and gender were analyzed. Results: Only in three questions, more than half of the participants answered correctly. These were questions 10, 1, and 2, with 67.2%, 59.2%, and 50.8% of participants answering them correctly, respectively. Also, in 5 questions, less than 20% answered correctly. The maximum overall score was 7. Analysis of these results between the two sexes did not show a significant difference in the number of correct answers and the percentage response to each question. Additionally, age was not indicated as a variable involved in the total score of the participants. Conclusion: Regardless of the age and gender, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences’ medical interns’ knowledge about the precise indications of tetanus prevention in adults and children is poor.

scholarly journals PCR Detection of HHV8 DNA in the Saliva of Removable Denture Wearers Compared to Dentate Cases in Shiraz, South of Iran

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Reza Derafshi ◽  
Jannan Ghapanchi ◽  
Fahimeh Rezazadeh ◽  
Mohammad Hasan Kalantari ◽  
Amir Mosahebi Naeeni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Herpesvirus ◽  
Dna Amplification ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Removable Denture ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
False Result ◽  
And Gender

Background and aim. Removable dentures may act as reservoir for pathogens that can cause serious infections. Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV8) is an oncogenic virus that was found in the saliva more than genital secretions. Thus, this study was designed to evaluate HHV8 in the saliva of patients with removable dentures. Method and material. In this cross-sectional study from March-July 2019, saliva samples were collected from 50 denture wearers as a case group and 50 ages and gender matched dentate subjects as a control. Whole-mouth saliva, parotid saliva, buccal, and palatal exfoliates were collected and processed for HHV8-DNA amplification by nested PCR. A confirmatory real-time PCR was also performed in order to prevent false result. Result. In the denture wearers, HHV8 DNA was detected in 11 cases. Two of the controls amplified HHV8 DNA. Fisher’s exact test demonstrates a significant difference between virus infection and using removable dentures (p=0.015). Conclusion. Our findings suggested that HHV8 detection could be associated with use of denture.

scholarly journals Colour Preferences of Elastic Ligatures among Orthodontic Patients

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aljazi H Aljabaa ◽  
Khalid AlMoammar ◽  
Ghada Al-Kharboush ◽  
Rana M Al-Dayel ◽  
Nouf S Alsaloom ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Gender Effects ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Fixed Appliances ◽  
Colour Preferences ◽  
And Gender

Introduction: Elastic modules are an integral part of fixed appliances. The availability of different colours is important to patients and their compliance during treatment. Knowledge about the most popular colours is important to orthodontists when ordering their materials. Aim: This study aimed to determine the elastic ligature colour preferences of patients undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment and the influences of age and gender on these preferences. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was done on a total of 319 patients (88 males and 231 females) aged 18-36 years of age participated in this study. The patients’ elastic ligature colour preferences were recoded using a colour guide and a self-administered questionnaire. The questionnaire contained questions about the patients’ preferences regarding coloured or transparent ligatures, light or dark shades, and changing the ligatures for specific occasions. The data were analysed using SPSS version 25. The descriptive statistics were calculated, and a Pearson’s chi-squared analysis was performed to determine the influence of age and gender effects on colour preferences (p-value <0.05). Results: Most of the participants were excited about changing their elastic ligatures colours (44.5%), and they liked to change the colours at each visit (45.5%). Most participants did not like having multicoloured elastic ligatures in their mouths (77.4%) or changing the elastic colours before certain occasions (49.8%). There was no statistically significant difference in the elastic ligature colour preferences between the genders (p-value=0.0552), but there were statistically significant differences among the age groups (p-value <0.001). Conclusion: Most of the patients undergoing orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances preferred less noticeable elastic ligature colours. A significant difference was found between age groups: younger patients preferred coloured elastics, while older patients preferred less noticeable and transparent elastics. No difference was found between the colour preferences among both the gender.

scholarly journals An Analytical Study to Explore Iron Stores in a Population of Nowshera Based on Age and Gender Perspective

2022 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-38
Author(s):  
Hamzullah Khan ◽  
Mohammad Basharat Khan ◽  
Shahtaj Khan ◽  
Saiqa Zahoor ◽  
Anwar Khan Wazir
Keyword(s):  
Ferritin Level ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Total Study Population ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Iron Stores ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Impact

OBJECTIVES:  To analyze the impact of age and gender on iron stores in a population of the Nowshera region. METHODOLOGY: This cross sectional study was conducted in the Department of Pathology Qazi Hussain Ahmed Medical Complex Nowshera from 1st January 2019 to 31st March 2020. All patients were selected by convenience sampling in the Pathology department irrespective of age and gender.   Both descriptive and inferential statistics were applied to analyze data by the latest SPSS version 25.  RESULTS: Out of the total study population males were 70 (27.1%) and females 188 (77.9%) with median age 30 years.  The median ferritin level was 12.8 ng/ml. Out of total, 142 (55%) of cases were with serum ferritin less than 15ng/ml. A significant (p=0.03) gender based median ferritin level difference was observed with 1.5 times more probability of low iron stores in females as compared to males (OR=1.5). No statistically significant difference in body iron stores exists in different age groups. CONCLUSION:  A significant difference was noted in the iron stores in gender groups and the probability of depleted/low iron stores was higher in female gender as compared to male gender in all age groups in our population.    

The Influence of Age and Gender on Mandibular Indices among the Libyan Population

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Bone Mineralization ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
T Test ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Libyan Population

Radiographic Mandibular Indices serve as easy and relatively cheap tools for evaluating bone mineralization. Objectives: To examine the effect of age and gender on three mandibular indices: the panoramic mandibular index (PMI), the mandibular ratio (MR) and the mandibular cortical index (MCI), among Libyan population. Methods: The three indices were measured on 317 digital (OPGs) of adult humans (155 males, 162 females). The sample was divided into six age groups (from 18-25 years through 56-65 years). The measurements were analyzed for interactions with age and sex, using SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Studies) software version no. 22. The tests employed were two way ANOVA, the unpaired T-test and chi-square test. Results: The mean PMI fluctuated between 0.37 s.d. 0.012 and 0.38 s.d. 0.012. among the sixth age groups. One-way ANOVA statistical test revealed no significant of age on PMI. On the other hand gender variation has effect on PMI, since independent sample t-test disclosed that the difference between the male and female PMI means statistically significant. ANOVA test showed that the means of MR among age groups showed a negative correlation i.e. MR mean declined from 3.01 in 18-25 age groups to 2.7 in 55-65 age groups. In contrary, the gender showed no effect on MR according two sample t-test at p> 0.05. In regards with MCI, statistical analysis showed that it affected by age that is C1 was decreasing by age while C2 and C3 were increased by age. Using chi square test the result indicated that there is a significant difference among the different age group and the two genders in MCI readings. Conclusion: PMI was influenced significantly by age but minimally by the gender. MR is not affected by gender but has a negative correlation with age. MCI is affected by both age and gender

scholarly journals A Study of Wideband Energy Reflectance in Patients with Otosclerosis: Data from a Chinese Population

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suju Wang ◽  
Wenyang Hao ◽  
Chunxiao Xu ◽  
Daofeng Ni ◽  
Zhiqiang Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resonance Frequency ◽  
Racial Differences ◽  
Chinese Population ◽  
Ambient Pressure ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Gender ◽  
And Control ◽  
Peak Pressures

Objective(s). The purpose of this study was to explore the effectiveness of wideband acoustic immittance (WAI) in the diagnosis of otosclerosis by comparing the differences in the energy reflectance (ER) of WAI between patients with otosclerosis and age- and gender-matched normal hearing controls in the Chinese population. Methods. Twenty surgically confirmed otosclerotic ears were included in the otosclerotic group. The ER of WAI at ambient and peak pressures, resonance frequency, and 226-Hz tympanogram were collected prior to surgery using a Titan hearing test platform (Interacoustics A/S, Middelfart, Denmark). All diagnoses of otosclerosis in the tested ear were confirmed by surgery after the measurements. Thirteen normal adults (26 ears) who were age- and gender-matched with the otosclerotic patients were included as the control group. Results. At peak pressure, the ERs of otosclerotic patients were higher than those of the control group for frequencies less than 4,000Hz and were lower for frequencies greater than 4,000Hz. In addition, within the analyzed frequencies, the differences observed at 2,520Hz was statistically significant (p<0.05/16=0.003, Bonferroni corrected). At ambient pressure, the differences observed at 1,260 and 6,350Hz were statistically significant (p<0.05/16=0.003, Bonferroni corrected). Although the differences between the otosclerotic and control groups exhibited similar trends to those in studies implemented in Caucasian populations, the norms in the present study in the control group were different from those in the Caucasian populations, suggesting racial differences in WAI test results. Regarding the middle ear resonance frequency, no significant difference was observed between the two groups (P>0.05). Conclusion. WAI can provide valuable information for the diagnosis of otosclerosis in the Chinese population. Norms and diagnostic criteria corresponding to the patient’s racial group are necessary to improve the efficiency of WAI in the diagnosis of otosclerosis.

scholarly journals Obesity in Saudi Arabia in 2020: Prevalence, Distribution, and Its Current Association with Various Health Conditions

Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 311
Author(s):  
Nora A. Althumiri ◽  
Mada H. Basyouni ◽  
Norah AlMousa ◽  
Mohammed F. AlJuwaysim ◽  
Rasha A. Almubark ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
National Level ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Colon Diseases

The global prevalence of obesity is increasing. Obesity is associated with many chronic diseases and health conditions. This study aims to estimate the current prevalence of obesity in Saudi Arabia and described the current national-level status of the association between obesity and various health conditions. This study is a nationwide cross-sectional survey conducted over phone-interviews in June 2020. In this study, a proportional quota-sampling technique was used to obtain equal distributions of participants, stratified by age and gender, across the 13 regions of Saudi Arabia. Weight and height were self-reported, and the obesity was determined as BMI ≥ 30. Logistic regression adjusted for age and gender was used for exploring current associations between obesity and health conditions. Of the 6239 participants contacted, 4709 participants responded and completed the interview with a response rate of 75.48%. Of them, 50.1% were female, the mean age was 36.4 ± 13.5 (Range: 18–90), and the median age was 36. The national weighted prevalence of obesity (BMI ≥ 30) was 24.7%, and the prevalence in the sample (unweighted) was 21.7%. Obesity was significantly associated with type 2 diabetes [Odd ratio, (OR) = 1.52], hypercholesterolemia (OR = 1.69), hypertension (OR = 1.61), lung diseases (OR = 1.69), rheumatoid arthritis (OR = 1.57), sleep apnea (OR = 1.82), colon diseases (OR = 1.31), and thyroid disorders (OR = 1.8). This study provides an update on the recent prevalence of obesity in Saudi Arabia. It also shows the variation in prevalence rates between different regions, which might be explored further. Although obesity shows a decreasing trend, almost one-quarter of this study sample were obese. Obesity is currently associated with many health conditions that can affect the individuals’ quality of life, impose stress on the healthcare system and impose an economic burden on the country. This evidence highlights the need for action to focus more on obesity in Saudi Arabia.

Hair Magnesium content and its relation to Serum Magnesium level in children with Idiopathic Epilepsy

QJM ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 114 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamed Mahmoud Shatla ◽  
Mariam Fathy Abdel Maksoud ◽  
Raghda Mohamed Hesham Zaitoun ◽  
Alaa Rabie Abdel Baset Mahmoud
Keyword(s):  
Serum Magnesium ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Magnesium Content ◽  
Magnesium Level ◽  
Idiopathic Epilepsy ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Patients With Epilepsy

Abstract Objective To measure the level of hair Mg, as well as its level in serum, in patients with epilepsy and compare them to the levels found in non-epileptic age and gender matched children, and to explore any potential correlation between either serum or hair level of magnesium and seizure characteristics in children with idiopathic epilepsy. Methods An observational cross-sectional study including 50 children with idiopathic epilepsy and 100 non-epileptic age and gender matched control subjects. Cases were subjected to full history taking, examination and measurements of serum and hair levels of magnesium, control subjects only had their serum and hair level of magnesium measured as for the cases. Results The mean serum magnesium was 29.11 ± 13.42 ug/ml for cases and 27.67 ± 7.24 ug/ml for controls and the median hair level of magnesium was 42.22 ug/g with IQR of 25.9 - 56.82 for cases and 38.6 ug/g with IQR of 25.21 - 61.25 for controls. No statistically significant difference was observed between both groups as regards either serum or hair magnesium levels. No statistically significant correlation was observed between either hair or serum levels of magnesium and seizure characteristics though the correlations were nearing statistical significance for the hair magnesium content. Conclusion Hair magnesium level may be better correlated to seizure characteristics and control than serum levels in patients with epilepsy.

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