scholarly journals School Bonding of Adolescent Offenders

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (63) ◽  
pp. 91-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Luiz da Silva ◽  
Ana Raquel Lucato Cianflone ◽  
Marina Rezende Bazon

Abstract Students strongly bonded to the educational institution are more motivated to study and less likely to present behavioral problems and/or juvenile delinquency. This study's objective was to verify the existence of variations in school bonding among different groups of adolescents and identify the most problematic aspects among adolescents in conflict with the law from the perspective of Marc LeBlanc's Social and Personal Control Theory of Deviant Behavior. The 60 adolescents participating in the study responded to the Portuguese version of the School Scale, part of the Measuring Adolescent Social and Personal Adaptation Scale. The results reveal that the level of school bonding differentiated the groups, showing that offenders who dropped out of school obtained the worst indicators of school bonding when considering investment and commitment levels, as well as attachment to teachers.

Author(s):  
Gde Made Swardhana

Juvenile delinquency is a symptom of social and has raised concerns among parents in particular and society in general. These forms of behavior such as child delinquency abuse of narcotic and psychotropic drugs, free sex, fights among teenagers of the village, street racing, began to adorn the Balinese order changes gradually. These symptoms seem to always just show itself as an actual problem that is typical in each period of time and therefore be interesting to be examined. Community structure that changes caused by pressure or offered options that ultimately became plural and multicultural Bali. Resolution of the problem certainly must be associated with a Balinese local wisdom itself. The problem is formulated: (1) why the theory of social control is the most appropriate theory used to cope with children's Misbehavior in Bali?; (2) How the pattern of juvenile delinquency prevention in Bali with the use of local wisdom? The approach used in this study is the non doctrinal approach (socio-legal approach). In principle the socio-legal study is the study of the law, based on social sciences methodology in the broad sense. This research included in aggregate research tradition between qualitative research and quantitative research is often known for its mix of research, with the perspective approach to Criminology. (1) the theory of social control, as compared to the theory of social disorganization theories of deviant behavior in criminology, social control theory most appropriate use in tackling child because, while a strong social bonds between the children with peers, peer group, parents, school teachers, community leaders, religious figures, children undoubtedly will not do deviate behavior. Although his theory of social control in the West but its implementation against children in Bali is more focused than the other theories are, of course, the addition of the elements contained in the theory of social control, such as Attachment, Commitment, Involvement, and Belief, is associated with the local wisdom Balinese people strongly support the strengthening of social control theory; (2) the pattern of juvenile delinquency prevention in General to use the model of non-penal and penal. The pattern of non penal in tackling child delinquency through local wisdom like tri hita karana, tri kaya parisudha, tri tat twam asi, and others, the Balinese social control can prevent or cope with a minimum of child delinquency in Bali.


2021 ◽  
pp. 088626052110500
Author(s):  
Chongmin Na

Despite a recent decrease in both school dropout and victimization rates, many harsh and exclusionary school policies continue to push school-aged adolescents out of school. This study combines two research areas—school dropout and violent victimization—by investigating if dropping out of school increases the chance of violent victimization. It is hypothesized that a change in the opportunity structure associated with risky lifestyles and routine activities accounts for the link between school dropout and violent victimization. Drawing on longitudinal panel data collected from a relatively homogenous sample of 1354 serious adolescent offenders who are predominantly minorities (75%) and males (86%) and fixed-effects models which enhance the causal validity of the findings by using the same individuals as their own counterfactuals over time, this study shows that dropping out of school leads to the perpetuation of violent victimization, primarily due to a change in the opportunity structure associated with risky lifestyles and routine activities. By uncovering the pathway between school dropout and victimization, this study contributes to the knowledge base on the impact of school dropouts, the source of violent victimization, and the causal mechanism underlying the link between dropping out of school and violent victimization—all of which are relatively understudied despite their significant implications for theory and policy.


2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-80
Author(s):  
Asiyah Jamilah ◽  
Aista Wisnu Putra

AbstractTeenagers are one of the groups that are very vulnerable to be swept along, they are looking for identity and lifestyle that is most suitable for him. It is not uncommon to cause mistakes and the mistakes they do often cause parents concerns and feelings that are uncomfortable for their environ­ment. These mistakes are what are often referred to as juvenile delinq­uen­cy. Juvenile delinquency is also known as deviant behavior, namely by the participation of a teenager in illegal behavior. This then reaps the response of the public that these behaviors should not be done by adolescents so that it gives rise to stigma/labels against these adolescents. The purpose of this study is to provide an explanation of the factors underlying the occurrence of juvenile delinquency and provide an overview of the influence of community stigma/labels on juvenile delinquency. the approach used in this paper is qualitative. By using a qualitative approach, it is possible to obtain data especially on stigma or labels, and their effects on juvenile delinquency. The results of the study are that two factors are underlying juvenile delinquency, namely factors originating from the external and factors originating from the internal. Then the label given to a person can influence his behavior, which most of the application of negative labels and stigma (such as criminal), increases deviant behavior and becomes a self-concept.AbstrakRemaja adalah salah satu kelompok yang sangat rentan ikut terbawa arus, mereka sedang dalam fase pencarian jati diri dan jalan hidup yang paling cocok bagi mereka. Yang mana hal ini tidak jarang menimbulkan ke­salahan dan kesalahan yang diper­buat­nya tidak jarang menyebabkan ke­kha­watiran orangtua serta menimbulkan perasaan yang tidak nya­man bagi lingkungan mereka. Kesalahan-kesalahan ini lah yang se­ring disebut dengan istilah kenakalan remaja. Kenakalan remaja di­kenal juga sebagai penyimpangan perilaku yaitu dengan ber­partisipasinya seorang remaja dalam perilaku ilegal. Hal inilah kemudian menuai tanggapan masyarakat bahwa perilaku-perilaku tersebut tidak seharusnya di­per­buat oleh remaja sehingga memun­culkan stigma/label terhadap remaja ter­sebut. Adapun penelitian ini memiliki tujuan untuk mem­beri­kan pen­jelasan mengenai faktor-faktor yang melatar belakangi ter­jadi­nya kena­kalan remaja serta memberi gambaran tentang pengaruh stigma/ label masyarakat terhadap kenakalan remaja. pendekatan yang digu­nakan dalam tulisan ini adalah pendekatan kualitatif. Dengan menggunakan pen­­de­katan kualitatif, dimungkinkan untuk mendapat­kan  data ter­uta­ma  mengenai  stigma atau label serta pengaruhnya pada kenakalan re­maja. Hasil dari penelitian yakni terdapat dua faktor yang melatar be­la­kangi kenakalan remaja, yaitu faktor yang berasal dari eksternal dan faktor yang berasal dari internal. Kemudian label yang diberikan kepada se­seorang dapat mempengaruhi perilakunya, yang mana sebagian besar pene­­rapan label dan stigma yang negatif (seperti kriminal), mening­katkan perilaku yang menyimpang dan menjadi suatu konsep diri.


2020 ◽  
pp. 73-81
Author(s):  
Татьяна Сергеевна Борисова ◽  
Елена Александровна Зорина ◽  
Елена Евгеньевна Сартакова

Проблема агрессивного поведения стала объектом широкого научного и практического обсуждения. Предлагается анализ отдельных аспектов содержания феномена агрессии, выделяются особенности подростковой агрессии. Приводятся результаты длительного изучения уровня агрессивности подростков и молодежи. Отмечается, что нарушения в сфере межличностных отношений подростков играют приоритетную роль в развитии отклоняющегося поведения; общение формирует конкретную модель поведения, оказывая порой влияние на совершение действий не всегда кон структивного характера; развитие навыков позитивного общения находится в поле влияния субъектов образовательной практики и является важнейшим фактором предупреждения агрессии подростков. Педагогически целесообразными действиями в части позитивного личностного становления является оптимизация взаимодействий участников образовательного процесса (детей, родителей, педагогов, социальных партнеров). Основными направлениями педагогической профилактической работы, с точки зрения авторов, являются: учет особенностей семьи каждого подростка как необходимое условие эффективной работы педагога; менеджмент классной ситуации и наблюдения за отношениями детей, что дает возможность предотвратить проявление агрессии в группе; обеспечение безопасности в образовательном учреждении посредством формирования социально-психологического комфорта учеников и педагогов; проецирование через СМИ и интернет конструктивных образцов мирного урегулирования конфликтов; интегрирование детей в систему социальных связей как в школе, так и вне, применяя социально-педагогические технологии; целенаправленное воспитательное воздействие на молодежь и работа с семьей в направлении устойчивых ориентаций на правомерное поведение рассматривается как значимый фактор предупреждения агрессии. The problem of aggressive behavior has become the subject of extensive scientific and practical discussion. The article offers an analysis of individual aspects of the content of the phenomenon of aggression, highlights the features of teenage aggression. The results of a long-term study of the level of aggressiveness of adolescents and youth are presented. It is noted that violations in the sphere of interpersonal relations of adolescents play a priority role in the development of deviant behavior; communication forms a specific model of behavior, sometimes influencing the performance of actions that are not always constructive; the formation of positive communication skills is in the field of influence of subjects of educational practice and is the most important factor in preventing adolescent aggression. The authors point out that pedagogically expedient actions in terms of shaping positive development in adolescents is to optimize interactions between all participants in the educational process (children, parents, teachers, social partners). The main directions of pedagogical preventive work, from the point of view of the authors, are: taking into account the characteristics of the family of each teenager as a necessary condition for the effective work of a teacher; management of the classroom situation and monitoring the relationships of children, which makes it possible to prevent the manifestation of aggression in the group; ensuring safety in an educational institution through the formation of social and psychological comfort of students and teachers; projecting constructive models of peaceful settlement of conflicts through the media and the Internet; integrating children into the system of social ties both at school and outside, using social and educational technologies; purposeful educational influence on youth and work with the family in the direction of stable orientations on lawful behavior is considered as a significant factor in preventing aggression.


2021 ◽  
pp. 94-99
Author(s):  
Lutsyk H.O.

The article is dedicated to the theoretical analysis of pedagogical conditions of the formation of future psychologists’ readiness to work with the adolescents prone to deviant behaviour. The content of the problem in the scientific literature is analyzed, the main pedagogical conditions of the formation of the future psychologists’ readiness to work with deviant adolescents are determined. It is revealed that in the scientific literature the generalization concerning pedagogical conditions of formation of future psychologists’ readiness to professional activity is presented, among which single out forms and methods of the organization of the educational environment in an educational institution, interaction between psychology students and lecturers, students’ inclusion in solving problems of professional direction and implementation of a creative approach in teaching. Looking at the readiness of the future psychologists to work with the adolescents prone to deviant behaviour as the systemic formation that includes cognitive, motivational-value, creative-practical and regulative components, we consider that the development of these components of readiness depends on the pedagogical conditions implemented in the professional training process.In the process of scientific search, we used the following methods of research: analysis, synthesis, comparison, generalization, systematization, specification.The pedagogical conditions of formation of future psychologists’ readiness to work with adolescents prone to deviant behaviour are generalized as a set of pedagogical measures, requirements, external influences which provide construction of educational space, effective course of educational processes and allow to form readiness of the specified quality in future graduates.Pedagogical conditions that will contribute to the formation of the future psychologists’ readiness of this quality are highlighted, in particular: the focus of the educational environment on quality theoretical training of future psychologists to work with adolescents prone to deviant behaviour; implementation of practice-oriented, acmeological and competency-based approach in the training of future psychologists; reflective attitude of psychology students to education in the chosen field of study; use of innovative and problem-searching teaching methods that will contribute to the formation of future psychologists’ cognitive activity.Key words: adolescents, deviant behaviour, future psychologists, adolescents prone to deviant behaviour, future psychologists’ readiness, formation of future psychologists’ readiness to work with adolescents prone to deviant behaviour, pedagogical conditions of the formation of future psychologists’ readiness to work with adolescents prone to deviant behaviour. Стаття присвячена теоретичному аналізу педагогічних умов формування готовності майбутніх психологів до роботи з підлітками, схильними до девіантної поведінки. Проаналізовано зміст проблеми у науковій літературі, визначено основні педагогічні умови формування готовності майбутніх психологів до роботи з підлітками-девіантами. Виявлено, що в науковій літературі представлено узагальнення стосовно педагогічних умов формування готовності майбутніх психологів до професійної діяльності, серед яких виділяють форми і методи організації освітнього середовища в закладі освіти, взаємодію між студентами-психологами та викладачами, включення студентів до розв’язання проблемних завдань професійного спрямування та реалізації творчого підходу у навчанні.У процесі наукового пошуку нами використовувалися такі методи, як: аналіз та синтез, порівняння, класифікація, узагальнення, конкретизація.Констатовано, що розвиток складників готовності майбутніх психологів до роботи з підлітками, схильними до девіантної поведінки, залежить від педагогічних умов, які реалізовуються в процесі про-фесійної підготовки.Узагальнено, що педагогічні умови формування готовності майбутніх психологів до роботи з під-літками, схильними до девіантної поведінки, є тими педагогічними заходами, вимогами, зовнішніми впливами, які забезпечують конструювання освітнього простору, ефективний перебіг освітніх процесів та дозволяють формувати у майбутніх випускників готовність зазначеної якості.Виділено педагогічні умови, які сприятимуть формуванню готовності майбутніх психологів до роботи з підлітками-девіантами, зокрема: спрямованість освітнього середовища на якісну теоретичну підготовку майбутніх психологів до роботи з підлітками, схильними до девіантної поведінки; реалізація практико-орієнтованого, акмеологічного та компетентнісного підходу у професійній підготовці майбутніх психологів; рефлексивне ставлення студентів-психологів до здобуття освіти за вибраним фахом; використання інноваційних та проблемно-пошукових методів навчання, які сприятимуть фор-муванню пізнавальної активності майбутніх психологів.Ключові слова: підлітки, девіантна поведінка, майбутні психологи, схильні до девіантної поведінки підлітки, готовність майбутніх психологів, формування готовності майбутніх психологів до роботи з підлітками, схильними до девіантної поведінки, педагогічні умови формування готовності майбутніх психологів до роботи з підлітками, схильними до девіантної поведінки.


Author(s):  
Ivans Jānis Mihailovs ◽  
Aira Aija Krūmina

Each country has pupils, who are not able to meet certain educational requirements (according, their health, behavior, social or other problems). One of the solutions of these problems is the repeat a year. The number of pupils remaining for the second year at the same grade in Latvia is 1% of total number of pupils. However, in Latvia have not been taken researches of the repeat a year on basic education, its causes and the activities of educational institutions. Therefore, it is not clear whether the repeat a year is effective in Latvia?The article presents the results of a comprehensive repeat a year survey, conducted in 2016, covering 70 Latvian educational institutions that implement basic education programs. The purpose of the research is to determine the causes of repeat a year phenomenon and the activities of educational institutions to prevent it in basic education in Latvia, ascertaining whether the repeat a year is effective in solving learning and behavioral problems of pupils.Methods of research – questionnaires and interviews with directors of educational institutions and other responsible persons (vice-directors of educational institutions, support staff – social pedagogues, speech therapists, etc.), who daily work with pupils remaining for the second year at the same grade.The survey has made it clear that the repeat a year is effective if the educational institution identifies its possible causes as quickly as possible and implements targeted and planned activities to prevent and implement it (including involving municipality and other specialists), as well as the interest of the pupil and their parents is cooperation in solving problems. 


Author(s):  
Stephen J. Watts

Prior research has shown that attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) relates to various negative outcomes in adolescence, including academic failure, behavioral problems at school, and criminal behavior. However, this line of research has generally failed to explore whether ADHD connects to criminal behavior through its effects on school factors. Using data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health), this study finds that a retrospective account of ADHD symptomatology during childhood and early adolescence predicts weakened school attachment, lower grades, and higher risks for both out-of-school suspension and crime. School attachment, grades, and out-of-school suspension have the expected effects on crime among females and males. Among females, these school factors mediate the effects of ADHD symptomatology on crime. The effect of ADHD symptomatology on crime among males remains significant when controlling for school factors. Implications of the findings for policy and theory are discussed.


2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 154-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
I.S. Aron

We present the results of investigation of the motivational component of psychological readiness for professional self-determination in adolescents in specific social situations of development. It was assumed that in a particular deficit social situation of development under the influence of negative social context the formation of motivational readiness for professional self-determination is hindered. We revealed significant differences in the level of development of motivational readiness for professional self-determination of pupils of the school for children with behavioral problems, pupils of boarding school for orphans and pupils of regular secondary school. It is shown that the motivational sphere of adolescents with deviant behavior and adolescents without parental care is characterized by focus on the failure avoidance, predominance of external motives of choice of profession, lack of awareness of their values and motives. The obtained results can serve as a basis for the development of technologies of psychological and pedagogical support of professional self-determination of teenagers with consideration of their age and development and of the individual characteristics due to the aggravation of social situation of development.


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