scholarly journals Medicinal plants used in Rondônia, Western Amazon, Brazil

2014 ◽  
Vol 16 (3 suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 707-720 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.R.A. Santos ◽  
M.R. Lima ◽  
C.L.L.G. Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Field Research ◽  
The State ◽  
The Other ◽  
Amazon Forest ◽  
Euterpe Oleracea ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Economic Sectors

This study refers to the use of medicinal plants by populations in the Western Amazon and provides information that can be used in phytochemical studies. It draws upon the traditional knowledge regarding the use of medicinal plants in five regions of the state of Rondônia, in the Brazilian Amazon, focusing on native species. The field research was carried out in five municipalities of the state of Rondônia: Ariquemes, Buritis, Candeias do Jamari, Cujubim and Itapoa do Oeste, characterized by primary economic sectors: agriculture, cattle farming, plant extraction and mineral exploration. Structured interviews were applied to 227 persons chosen because of their prestige in the communities in relation to the knowledge and use of medicinal plants, identifying the therapeutic purpose, parts of the plant used and methods of preparation. The species were taxonomically identified. The ethnobotanic knowledge (inferred by the number of uses of medicinal plants per person) was correlated with the Brazilian region of origin, age, and gender of the interviewees. According to the collected data, 34 botanical families and 53 native species were identified. Of the 53 species, only 7 occur exclusively in the Amazon Forest: Theobroma grandiflorum (Willd. ex Spreng.) K. Schum., Psidium densicomum Mart. ex DC, Piper cavalcantei Yunck., Pilocarpus microphyllus Stapf ex Wardlew., Euterpe oleracea Mart., Croton cajucara Benth., Baccharis altimontana G. Heiden. The most common disorders treated with the plants were kidney problems, influenza, generalized infections and inflammations, malaria and high blood pressure. Leaves were the most used parts in preparations. Barks, fruits, roots, flowers, stems, seeds, oils, buds, tubercles, and rhizomes were also mentioned. Thirteen forms of preparations were recorded, and infusion and decoction were the most used. Syrups, juices, flour, sap, oil and parts of the plant blended with milk, honey and coffee or flamed, macerated and in the form of poultice, were also found. Persons from the Southeast region had more information compared with persons from the other regions; persons in the age groups between 50-59, 60-69 and 70-79 had more information in comparison with the other age groups; and the female interviewees mentioned significantly more uses of medicinal plants than the male ones. The relatively small number of native Amazon species identified can be the result of the loss of knowledge about medicinal plants in the Amazon because of internal migration, extinction of local indigenous groups, increasing urbanization and consequent globalization of the lifestyles.

scholarly journals The Use of Medicinal Plants in the Riverside Community of the Mazagão River in the Brazilian Amazon, Amapá, Brazil: Ethnobotanical and Ethnopharmacological Studies

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosângela do Socorro Ferreira Rodrigues Sarquis ◽  
Ícaro Rodrigues Sarquis ◽  
Iann Rodrigues Sarquis ◽  
Caio Pinho Fernandes ◽  
Gabriel Araújo da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Brazilian Amazon ◽  
Therapeutic Use ◽  
The State ◽  
The Body ◽  
Euterpe Oleracea ◽  
Carapa Guianensis ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Microbial Infections

The inhabitants of the floodplain of the Mazagão River in the State of Amapá in the Brazilian Amazon have inherited from indigenous African and Cabocla cultures indications for the use and forms of preparation of medicinal plants to cure diseases of the body and spirit. This study aimed to perform an ethnopharmacological survey of medicinal plants used by the riparian community of the floodplains of the Mazagão River, in the State of Amapá. In this study, we chose semistructured interviews with socioeconomic, ethnopharmacological, and ethnobotanical aims. The collection of medicinal plants occurred during guided tours. The Use Value (UV), Informant Consensus Factor (ICF), Correction Factor (CF), and Fidelity level (FL) were calculated. There were 130 species of medicinal plants, distributed in 116 genera and 57 families; Fabaceae (16), Lamiaceae (14), Euphorbiaceae (7), and Arecaceae (6) include 33.33% of the total species sampled. All 95 native species of floodplain forests were previously described, and 35 are exotic species. The species with the highest UV (≥ 0.5) at the mouth of the Mazagão River were Carapa guianensis (0.91), Pentachlethra macroloba (0.83), Dalbergia subcymosa (0.77), Uncaria tomentosa (0.75), Otacanthus azureus (0.62), Virola surinamensis (0.62), Hura crepitans (0.58), Euterpe oleracea (0.56), and Arrabidaea chica (0.51). These species were also the ones that presented the highest ICF among the informants and 100% in FL for a specific therapeutic use. The study is comprised of 16 categories of therapeutic use, of which the majority of the plants used are related to diseases such as microbial infections (20.67%, 73 species), gastrointestinal disorders (13.31%), and inflammation (11.61%). The results showed that knowledge about the use of medicinal plants along the rivers and streams that form the mouth of the Mazagão River is evenly distributed. Most of the interviewees present diversified knowledge about the medicinal resources because they have a close relationship with the floodplain forest. Native species of this forest predominate among the most commonly used medicinal plants as subsidies for future pharmacological studies.

scholarly journals Hiding in Plain Sight: How a Fallow Forestry Supply Chain Remains Illegitimate in the Eyes of the State

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin R. Sears ◽  
Peter Cronkleton ◽  
Medardo Miranda Ruiz ◽  
Matías Pérez-Ojeda del Arco
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Small Dimension ◽  
The State ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Dimension Lumber ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activities

On-farm timber production is an important subsistence and economic activity of smallholder farmers around the world. Farmer investment in wood production and the degree of formality in the sector depends on access to and conditions of the market, the nature of the regulatory frameworks that govern rights to and movement of timber, and access to financing. We evaluate the process of formalization of a thriving and adaptive existing supply chain for small-dimension lumber originating in the fallows of smallholder farmers in the Peruvian Amazon. Through field research over three years based in semi-structured interviews with diverse actors in the Amazon, we found that the supply chain for fallow timber is driven entirely by informal and some illegal transactions. A key reason for this is the lack of an appropriate regulatory mechanism by which producers can gain authorization to harvest and sell this timber. We identify conditions necessary to formalize this sector, and evaluate the degree to which these are met under several scenarios. We recommend that the state develop mechanisms that recognize property rights of long-term residents and establish a simple fallow forestry registration mechanism; and that local governments or non-governmental organizations adopt adaptive and collaborative approaches to support farmers and provide training, information and networking among actors. State recognition of and support for fallow forestry, coupled with producers organizing for collective action on processing and marketing their timber, could result in the formalization of a significant volume of timber, improvements in income security for rural people, and the development of local entrepreneurial activities.

Zooarchaeological evidence that the brown mussel (Perna perna) is a bioinvader of coastal Brazil

The Holocene ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (11) ◽  
pp. 1771-1780 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edson P Silva ◽  
Rosa CCL Souza ◽  
Tania A Lima ◽  
Flávio C Fernandes ◽  
Kita D Macario ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Native Species ◽  
Radiocarbon Dating ◽  
The State ◽  
Colonial Period ◽  
The Other ◽  
Brazilian Coast ◽  
Perna Perna ◽  
Great Probability ◽  
Haplotypic Diversity ◽  
Brazilian Populations

Interactions between invader species and the local biota may lead to disequilibria in regional ecosystems. For such reason, the cultivation of nonnative species may be prohibited in specific regions, as a means of protecting native species. On the other hand, the question of whether a species is a bioinvader or not may not be straightforward. This is the case of the mollusc Perna perna, presently naturalized and widely distributed along Brazilian coast, from the Bay of Vitória, in the state of Espírito Santo (ES), to the state of Rio Grande do Sul (RS). Following previous works that explored the hypothesis that P. perna invaded the coast of Brazil at the colonial period, attached to slave ships, we discuss zooarchaeological data, radiocarbon dating, and molecular genetics analyses. Out of the 578 archeological shellmounds investigated, 542 (93.8%) had no records of P. perna. From the radiocarbon dating results, it is possible to infer that the presence of the two P. perna specimens from the Saquarema shellmound, in Rio de Janeiro, as well as the other shells from the top layer, is likely related to a recent occupation of the site in the colonial period, with a great probability of being from the XVII or XVIII centuries. Data on genetic population structure of P. perna along the Brazilian coast showed higher genetic identities between the African and the Brazilian populations than among the Brazilian populations, while haplotypic diversity shows a pattern which relates to trade routes of slaves (XVII and XVIII centuries) between Africa and Brazil. These data reinforce the argument that the appearance of P. perna along the Brazilian coast is due to invasion during historical time.

scholarly journals Medicinal plants used in the region of Teziutlán, Puebla, Mexico

2022 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 224-241
Author(s):  
Ana Liviere Vargas-Vizuet ◽  
◽  
Carlos Alberto Lobato-Tapia ◽  
J. Refugio Tobar-Reyes ◽  
Marco Tulio Solano-De la Cruz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Rosmarinus Officinalis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Pharmacological Properties ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Arnica Montana ◽  
Other Hand

The objective of this work was to collect information on the curative use of plants in the municipality of Teziutlán, Puebla through semi-structured interviews. Thus, 78 plants used for medicinal purposes were identified, of which 40 are native to Mexico and 38 introduced; The value of use (UV) of each one and the Informant's Consensus Factor (FCI) of 10 categories of diseases were calculated. The five most frequently used plants are Ruta chalepensisL., Rosmarinus officinalis, Arnica montana, Loeselia mexicana(Lam.) Brandegee and Sambucus ceruleavar., Neomexicana, which underwent a chemical and pharmacological review. On the other hand, the most frequent preparations are infusion and decoction, using mainly leaves (49.34%) and flowers (19.51%). It is concluded that the inhabitants of Teziutlán have a fairly homogeneous ethnomedical knowledge, setting the standard for research on its pharmacological properties.

scholarly journals Renegotiating situativity: transformations of local herbal knowledge in a Western Alpine valley during the past 40 years

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michele F. Fontefrancesco ◽  
Andrea Pieroni
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Wild Food ◽  
Natural Environments ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Alpine Valley ◽  
Mountainous Regions ◽  
The Past ◽  
Mountain Environments ◽  
Nw Italy

Abstract Background Mountain environments are fragile socio-ecological systems and the conservation of their biological and cultural diversities— seen as co-evolving, strongly intertwined entities—represents a crucial issue for fostering their sustainability. Very few ethnobiological studies have assessed in the mountainous regions of Europe how local botanical knowledge, which represents a vital portion of the local environmental knowledge (LEK), changes over time, although this may be quintessential for a better understanding of the factors influencing how knowledge and practices are shaped, eroded, or even re-created. Methods In the current study, we compared the gathering and use of local medicinal plants in the Upper Sangone Valley, Western Italian Alps, Piedmont (NW Italy) as described in a field study conducted in the mid-seventies and published in 1977 and those arising from field research that we conducted in the spring of 2015 and 2018, during which time ethnobotanical and ethnomycological information concerning both folk medicinal and wild food uses was obtained via 47 in-depth open and semi-structured interviews with community members. Results In total, one hundred thirty folk taxa represent the past and present medicinal and wild food plant/mushroom heritage of the Sangone Valley: 26 herbal taxa were recorded 40 years ago only; 68 herbal and wild food taxa have been recorded in the current study only; and 36 herbal taxa have been continuously used during the last 40 years. There were no remarkable quantitative differences between the two diachronic medico-ethnobotanical datasets, but the qualitative differences were substantial. The gathering and use of some medicinal plants growing in meadows, forests and higher mountain environments (i.e. Arctostaphylos, Filipendula, Hepatica, Larix, Laserptium, Picea, Polygonatum, Primula, Tussilago and Veronica spp.) disappeared, whereas the collection of plant genera growing in more anthropogenic environments or possibly promoted via popular books and media has been newly introduced (i.e. Aloysia, Apium, Brassica, Crataegus, Epilobium, Fumaria, Geranium, Juniperus, Melissa, Rubus, Rumex, Sedum, Silybum, Taraxacum and Vaccinium spp.). Conclusion The findings show a renegotiation of the situativity that for centuries forged the embeddedness of local communities in their natural environments, probably heavily informed in the past by prevalent pastoralist and forest-centred activities and thus by a deeper knowledge of higher mountain and forest environments. The re-arrangement of a more domestic and more “globalized” herbal knowledge system was possibly inspired by new urban residents, who started to populate the valley at the end of the Seventies, when the original inhabitants abandoned their homes for the urban centres of the Piedmontese plain. The current study suggests that future directions of ethnobiological research should more carefully look at the adaptive capacity of LEK systems.

scholarly journals Medicinal plants used by "Passo da Ilha" rural community in the city of Pato Branco, southern Brazil

2009 ◽  
Vol 81 (4) ◽  
pp. 691-700 ◽  
Author(s):  
José A. Marchese ◽  
Lin C. Ming ◽  
Lucia de Franceschi ◽  
Rubia C. Camochena ◽  
Greice D.R. Gomes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Traditional Knowledge ◽  
Rural Community ◽  
Field Research ◽  
State University ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Cultural Erosion ◽  
The City ◽  
Made In

The scope of this work was to rescue and document the traditional knowledge regarding the medicinal plants used by Passo da Ilha rural community, in Pato Branco, Paraná State, Southern Brazil (26° 11' S, 52°36' W and 760 m high). Structured interviews were made in field research with 16 informants who had the traditional knowledge about medicinal plants. The research was carried out from October to December 2000. The plants were collected in the field, identified and their vouchers were housed at the Herbarium "Irina Delanova De Gemtchjnicov" (BOTU) of São Paulo State University, in Botucatu. A total of 47 botanical families and 114 species of medicinal plants were identified. These plants ere suitable for ore than 30 different edicinal uses. The residents are mainly of European descent, which justify the presence of many exotic plants. The knowledge on how to use medicinal plants properly is held mainly by the females, and decreases in the newer generations, denoting "cultural erosion" in progress.

scholarly journals Does the exotic invader turtle, Trachemys scripta elegans, compete for food with coexisting native turtles?

2011 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmen Díaz-Paniagua ◽  
Natividad Pérez-Santigosa ◽  
Judith Hidalgo-Vila ◽  
Margarita Florencio
Keyword(s):  
Native Species ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Trachemys Scripta ◽  
The Other ◽  
Trachemys Scripta Elegans ◽  
Emys Orbicularis ◽  
Invasive Crayfish ◽  
Exotic Invasive ◽  
Mauremys Leprosa ◽  
In The Wild

AbstractNowadays, established populations of exotic turtles, Trachemys scripta elegans, coexist with native turtles in the wild in southern Spain. We analysed the diet of this exotic species and compared it with the diet of the two native species (Mauremys leprosa and Emys orbicularis) in two ponds. The exotic turtle is an opportunistic omnivore. In one of our study ponds where exotic invasive crayfish were very abundant, adult and juvenile exotic turtles fed mainly on this prey. In the other study pond, juveniles fed mainly on animal matter and adults ate similar proportions of plants and animals. Native turtles also ingested mainly crayfish in the first study pond, but M. leprosa were mainly herbivorous in the second pond. We did not detect strong differences among the diets of the three species. While native species significantly differ in their diets, the exotic turtles did not differ from some groups of native ones. Exotic turtles had the widest range of food, overlapping the food spectra of different age groups of the two native species in both localities. Comparing with previous reports on native turtles diet of the same area, our results did not reveal changes in the diet which could be associated to interactions with exotic turtles, but the observed shift to a higher proportion of animals in the diet in one of the ponds were mainly due to the high abundance of exotic crayfish.

scholarly journals SYNERGY OF THE BANKING AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC SECTORS UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF THE STATE REGULATOR

2019 ◽  
pp. 147-151
Author(s):  
Г.О. Кришталь ◽  
Т.В. Капелюшна
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Banking Sector ◽  
The State ◽  
The Other ◽  
Economic Sector ◽  
Social Sector ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
State Regulator ◽  
The Relationship

The article examines the factors that influence the relationship between the banking and socio-economic sectors, which testifies to their close relationship: the capabilities and potential of one sector increase as the other sector develops. The issues of sector synergy in the system of interaction between the bank and the state regulator, the banking and economic sector and the banking and social sector, both in theoretical, methodological and practical aspects, remain insufficiently developed. Banking entities should give the opportunity to use all opportunities to maximize profits without restriction in a period of economic growth, which will provide enough painless support to businesses in order to retain and develop full-fledged, strong partners in the future. The implementation of the principle should be temporary, and the costs of the banking sector can be offset by economic growth.

scholarly journals Divulgação de passivos ambientais no Pará: uma análise das autuações do Ibama ## Disclosure of environmental liabilities in Pará: an analysis of Ibama's authorations

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanessa Magalhães Souza
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Financial Statements ◽  
Research Problem ◽  
The State ◽  
Financial Information ◽  
The Other ◽  
Amazon Forest ◽  
Environmental Liabilities ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Environmental Crimes

ResumoAo desenvolver suas atividades, as entidades que possuem relação com o meio ambiente podem gerar impactos ambientais negativos e em discordância da Lei 9.605/98 de Crimes Ambientais, gerando passivos. A contabilidade é a ferramenta de divulgação das informações contábil-financeiras aos usuários externos, através das demonstrações contábeis. Em se tratando de divulgação de passivos ambientais relacionados a floresta amazônica, destaca-se o Estado do Pará que abriga a floresta amazônica, patrimônio natural da humanidade, e é líder nas autuações aplicadas pelo IBAMA. Diante deste contexto formulou-se o seguinte problema de pesquisa: Como as entidades constituídas como sociedades anônimas autuadas por crimes ambientais no Estado do Pará divulgam em suas demonstrações contábeis esses passivos ambientais? Sendo o objetivo deste estudo verificar se as entidades constituídas como sociedades anônimas autuadas por crimes ambientais incorridos no Estado do Pará divulgam as multas e os processos relacionados a essas autuações em suas demonstrações contábeis. O estudo foi conduzido a partir de pesquisa documental através de técnica de análise de conteúdo, onde foram investigados os dados das demonstrações contábeis contrapondo o relatório de autuações ambientais extraídos do sítio do IBAMA de 9 entidades autuadas no período de janeiro de 2015 a dezembro de 2018. Os resultados mostram que apenas uma empresa da amostra evidencia em balanço e 55,55% da amostra cita autuações em nota explicativa sem vincular à região afetada. AbstractIn developing their activities, entities that have a relationship with the environment may generate negative environmental impacts and in disagreement with Law 9605/98 on Environmental Crimes, generating liabilities. On the other hand, accounting is the tool for disclosing accounting-financial information to external users through the financial statements. In the case of disclosure of environmental liabilities related to the Amazon forest, the State of Pará is home to the Amazon forest, a natural patrimony of mankind, and is the leader in the assessments applied by IBAMA. In view of this context, the following research problem was formulated: Howentities constituted as corporations assessed for environmental crimes in the State of Pará disclosing these environmental liabilities in their financial statements? The purpose of this study is to verify if entities constituted as corporations assessed for environmental crimes incurred in the State of Pará disclose fines and proceedings related to these assessments in their financial statements.

scholarly journals Women's entrance to the university: ambitions, difficulties and the desire to proceed

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (32) ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Sônia Maria Alves de Oliveira Reis ◽  
Samara Gomes Aguiar ◽  
Valquiria Normanha Paes
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
The State ◽  
Department Of Education ◽  
State University ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Participation Of Women ◽  
The Face ◽  
The University

This study aimed to analyze, based on the specificities of the female condition, how the permanence and participation of women happens to be: “mothers, wives, housewives or workers” in the Department of Education, Campus XII of the State University of Bahia. It is a research based on the assumptions of the qualitative approach, and considering that it is a field research, it used questionnaires and semi-structured interviews to collect the data, later analyzed with the aid of content analysis. The results show that women have experienced a multiplicity of tasks that have overloaded them, this often forces them to choose between performing duties imposed on them, or studying. It is concluded that the profile of women has changed, and as a result of this the academy can no longer make this public invisible, because in the face of a numerical predominance and substantial majority, they now act as protagonists of their own lives.

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