scholarly journals Hiding in Plain Sight: How a Fallow Forestry Supply Chain Remains Illegitimate in the Eyes of the State

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin R. Sears ◽  
Peter Cronkleton ◽  
Medardo Miranda Ruiz ◽  
Matías Pérez-Ojeda del Arco
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Small Dimension ◽  
The State ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Dimension Lumber ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activities

On-farm timber production is an important subsistence and economic activity of smallholder farmers around the world. Farmer investment in wood production and the degree of formality in the sector depends on access to and conditions of the market, the nature of the regulatory frameworks that govern rights to and movement of timber, and access to financing. We evaluate the process of formalization of a thriving and adaptive existing supply chain for small-dimension lumber originating in the fallows of smallholder farmers in the Peruvian Amazon. Through field research over three years based in semi-structured interviews with diverse actors in the Amazon, we found that the supply chain for fallow timber is driven entirely by informal and some illegal transactions. A key reason for this is the lack of an appropriate regulatory mechanism by which producers can gain authorization to harvest and sell this timber. We identify conditions necessary to formalize this sector, and evaluate the degree to which these are met under several scenarios. We recommend that the state develop mechanisms that recognize property rights of long-term residents and establish a simple fallow forestry registration mechanism; and that local governments or non-governmental organizations adopt adaptive and collaborative approaches to support farmers and provide training, information and networking among actors. State recognition of and support for fallow forestry, coupled with producers organizing for collective action on processing and marketing their timber, could result in the formalization of a significant volume of timber, improvements in income security for rural people, and the development of local entrepreneurial activities.

scholarly journals International and local NGO supply chain collaboration

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 295-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samar Al Adem ◽  
Paul Childerhouse ◽  
Temitope Egbelakin ◽  
Bill Wang
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Supply Chain Collaboration ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
The Social ◽  
Complementary Nature ◽  
Local Ngo ◽  
Collaborative Efforts

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to identify the key drivers and challenges to supply chain collaboration in the humanitarian sector; to appraise the relationships between international non-governmental organizations (INGOs) and local non-governmental organizations (LNGOs) during disaster relief; and to explore the humanitarian context in regard to supply chain collaboration.Design/methodology/approachLiterature from both the commercial and humanitarian sectors is discussed in the context of vertical partnerships. A Jordanian study spanning a network of 26 international and LNGOs is explored via semi-structured interviews.FindingsThe research provides valuable insights on the challenges facing LNGOs and INGOs when developing partnerships. Contextual factors, including host governmental policies and the social-economic setting of a disaster directly affect the motivations for supply chain collaboration between LNGOs and INGOs.Research limitations/implicationsThe research is built on interviewees with 30 humanitarian professionals working in one country during an extended crisis. The majority of the empirical data are only from one actor’s perspective, thus further research into dyadic and network relationships is required. Approaches to addressing the diverse cultural and decision-making perspectives of LNGOs and INGOs warrant further investigation.Practical implicationsRecognizing the motives and challenges to vertical partnerships between LNGOs and INGOs will assist the managers, both at the strategic and operational levels, to find solutions and evolve strategies to build effective partnerships. Compromise and consideration for partner’s drivers and cultural views are essential for effective joint humanitarian relief initiatives.Originality/valueThis paper extends supply chain collaboration to a humanitarian context. Overcoming the challenges facing collaborative efforts and complementary nature of the drivers provide a means to achieve effective partnerships. Despite the uniqueness of the humanitarian context, such as the secondary nature of cost and dynamic demand, the core principles of collaboration still hold.

Reģionālie mediji Latvijā: Covid-19 izraisītās krīzes izaicinājumi

2021 ◽  
pp. 44-57
Author(s):  
Laura Uzule ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Local Governments ◽  
Local Community ◽  
The State ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Objective Information ◽  
The Media ◽  
State And Local ◽  
The Government ◽  
Regional Newspaper ◽  
Mutual Communication

A multi-stage study was conducted to find out what is the role of regional media in the crisis caused by the coronavirus Covid-19, what problems do the media face, what is the opinion of consumers about the work of regional media: 1) audience surveys (1428 respondents); 2) survey of national and regional media (26 respondents); 3) analysis of the content of the regional newspaper Alūksnes un Malienas Ziņas (during the state emergency, March 12, 2020 –June 10, 2020); 4) in-depth, semi-structured interviews with regional media consumers (audience); 5) in-depth, semi-structured interviews with regional media editors. The Covid-19 crisis changed the work of regional media. The ways of obtaining media information diversified, mutual communication and the created content changed, and interaction with the audience increased. The number of subscribers and advertisers decreased significantly (up to 50 %), and therefore the total revenue, creating a serious threat to the existence of the media. The financial situation forced several media executives to reorganise the media – to reduce the number of employees and their salaries, decide on reducing the periodicity of newspapers, and raise prices. Several regional media leaders predict that the media will be shut down if the situation does not improve. The public appreciates and trusts the work of the regional media, they are happy to consume them as well, but more and more often, they cannot afford to pay for them. The results of the survey confirm that with each decade of life achieved, people’s interest in local events (news in the municipality and region, culture and sports) and, consequently, the intensity of regional media consumption increase. Local proximity increases mutual trust between regional media workers (their content) and local community residents (audience). Interactions (seeking advice and assistance, participating in content creation, recording violations of restrictions) were particularly active during the Covid-19 crisis when the doors of state and local authorities were closed (the work took place from home) throughout the emergency. The rapid spread of Covid-19 changed the traditional agenda of regional media – methods of information gathering and mutual communication (remote interviews, video conferences, and meetings, virtual meetings on electronic communication platforms), as well as the content created. The results of the content analysis confirm the priority status of the Covid-19 topic (multiplicity, intensity, location) in the content of the regional newspaper Alūksnes un Malienas Ziņas. With the materials dedicated to Covid-19, journalists informed the audience about the latest events, explained the decisions made by the government, motivated them to act responsibly, appealed to conscience, called for mutual help, condemned, comforted, and also saved. During the emergency, journalists performed not only the functions of an informant but also an educator, psychologist, and social worker (educating, explaining, reassuring, motivating, and helping), while reducing one of their main functions – the watchdog function. The regional press is the only mechanism of balance of power in the regions that exercises power control in local governments, as well as the only ones that regularly record the uniqueness of the local environment, promote the construction of local identity, create a sense of belonging, ensure objective information from reliable sources. Without receiving the necessary support from the state authorities (financial assistance, tax relief, arrangement of legislation), the existence of regional media will be endangered in the coming year, thereby a versatile media environment, diversity of opinions, availability of objective information, as well as preservation of literary Latvian language and culture will also be in danger.

scholarly journals Women's entrance to the university: ambitions, difficulties and the desire to proceed

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (32) ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Sônia Maria Alves de Oliveira Reis ◽  
Samara Gomes Aguiar ◽  
Valquiria Normanha Paes
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
The State ◽  
Department Of Education ◽  
State University ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Participation Of Women ◽  
The Face ◽  
The University

This study aimed to analyze, based on the specificities of the female condition, how the permanence and participation of women happens to be: “mothers, wives, housewives or workers” in the Department of Education, Campus XII of the State University of Bahia. It is a research based on the assumptions of the qualitative approach, and considering that it is a field research, it used questionnaires and semi-structured interviews to collect the data, later analyzed with the aid of content analysis. The results show that women have experienced a multiplicity of tasks that have overloaded them, this often forces them to choose between performing duties imposed on them, or studying. It is concluded that the profile of women has changed, and as a result of this the academy can no longer make this public invisible, because in the face of a numerical predominance and substantial majority, they now act as protagonists of their own lives.

scholarly journals Medicinal plants used in Rondônia, Western Amazon, Brazil

2014 ◽  
Vol 16 (3 suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 707-720 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.R.A. Santos ◽  
M.R. Lima ◽  
C.L.L.G. Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Field Research ◽  
The State ◽  
The Other ◽  
Amazon Forest ◽  
Euterpe Oleracea ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Economic Sectors

This study refers to the use of medicinal plants by populations in the Western Amazon and provides information that can be used in phytochemical studies. It draws upon the traditional knowledge regarding the use of medicinal plants in five regions of the state of Rondônia, in the Brazilian Amazon, focusing on native species. The field research was carried out in five municipalities of the state of Rondônia: Ariquemes, Buritis, Candeias do Jamari, Cujubim and Itapoa do Oeste, characterized by primary economic sectors: agriculture, cattle farming, plant extraction and mineral exploration. Structured interviews were applied to 227 persons chosen because of their prestige in the communities in relation to the knowledge and use of medicinal plants, identifying the therapeutic purpose, parts of the plant used and methods of preparation. The species were taxonomically identified. The ethnobotanic knowledge (inferred by the number of uses of medicinal plants per person) was correlated with the Brazilian region of origin, age, and gender of the interviewees. According to the collected data, 34 botanical families and 53 native species were identified. Of the 53 species, only 7 occur exclusively in the Amazon Forest: Theobroma grandiflorum (Willd. ex Spreng.) K. Schum., Psidium densicomum Mart. ex DC, Piper cavalcantei Yunck., Pilocarpus microphyllus Stapf ex Wardlew., Euterpe oleracea Mart., Croton cajucara Benth., Baccharis altimontana G. Heiden. The most common disorders treated with the plants were kidney problems, influenza, generalized infections and inflammations, malaria and high blood pressure. Leaves were the most used parts in preparations. Barks, fruits, roots, flowers, stems, seeds, oils, buds, tubercles, and rhizomes were also mentioned. Thirteen forms of preparations were recorded, and infusion and decoction were the most used. Syrups, juices, flour, sap, oil and parts of the plant blended with milk, honey and coffee or flamed, macerated and in the form of poultice, were also found. Persons from the Southeast region had more information compared with persons from the other regions; persons in the age groups between 50-59, 60-69 and 70-79 had more information in comparison with the other age groups; and the female interviewees mentioned significantly more uses of medicinal plants than the male ones. The relatively small number of native Amazon species identified can be the result of the loss of knowledge about medicinal plants in the Amazon because of internal migration, extinction of local indigenous groups, increasing urbanization and consequent globalization of the lifestyles.

Metodologi Pengeluaran Fatwa di Jawatankuasa Fatwa Negeri Johor

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-88
Author(s):  
Mohd Faez Mohd Shah ◽  
Norhidayah Pauzi
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Research Methods ◽  
Research Methodology ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
Field Research ◽  
The State ◽  
Original Source ◽  
Interview Methods ◽  
The Right

In the discipline of Islamic law research, strong proofing and clear Istinbat method are key pillars in the construction of Islamic law based on the application of the science of usul al-fiqh and maqasid al-shari'ah. However, what happens at the state of Johor’s fatwa institution is the opposite. The fatwa research methods applied by the Fatwa Committee of Johor in resolving current fatwa issues is not based on the right and true discipline of Islamic law research. In fact, current inputs related to fatwa issues are not explicitly stated in the method of determining the law either in the form of reality or scientifically verified. Therefore, this paper will discuss the fatwa procedures undertaken by the Fatwa Committee of Johor based on the methods applied in resolving current issues. The research methodology adopted is library and interview methods. This study shows that fatwa management and production in the state of Johor is placed under the jurisdiction of the Mufti of Johor’s Department. The methods adopted by the Fatwa Committee of Johor covers two methods, namely: internal research methods including literature review through the application of original source and proofs based on syarak. Second: field research method that includes an external review or going to the location of study such as conducting observation, questionnaires and interviews including referrals to specialists of different fields. Maslahah and mafsdah consideration are also implemented by the Fatwa Committee in every fatwa decision based on the standard that meets the interests of maqasid al-shari'ah. Keywords: Metode, fatwa, istinbat, usul al-fiqh, maqasid al-shari’ah ABSTRAK Dalam disiplin penyelidikan hukum Islam, kekuatan pendalilan dan kaedah istinbat yang jelas merupakan tunggak utama dalam pembinaan hukum Islam berasaskan kepada aplikasi ilmu usul al-fiqh dan maqasid al-shari’ah. Namun begitu, apa yang berlaku di institusi fatwa negeri Johor adalah sebaliknya. Kaedah penyelidikan fatwa yang diaplikasi oleh Jawatankuasa Fatwa Negeri Johor dalam menyelesaikan isu fatwa semasa tidak berasaskan kepada disiplin penyelidikan hukum Islam yang tepat dan sebenar. Malahan input-input semasa yang berkaitan dengan isu fatwa juga tidak dinyatakan secara jelas dalam kaedah penentuan hukum sama ada dalam bentuk realiti yang berlaku atau pembuktian secara saintifik. Justeru, kertas kerja ini akan membincangkan prosedur fatwa Jawatankuasa Fatwa Negeri Johor berdasarkan metode-metode yang diaplikasi dalam menyelesaikan isu-isu yang bersifat semasa. Metodologi kajian yang digunakan dalam kajian ini adalah melalui metode perpustakaan dan metode lapangan. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahawa pengurusan dan pengeluaran fatwa di negeri Johor hanya terletak di bawah bidang kuasa Jabatan Mufti Johor. Metode fatwa yang diamalkan oleh Jawatankuasa Fatwa Negeri Johor merangkumi dua metode iaitu pertama, kaedah penyelidikan dalaman yang merangkumi kajian kepustakaan menerusi pengaplikasian dari sumber asas dan dalil-dalil syarak. Kedua, kaedah penyelidikan lapangan yang meliputi kajian luaran atau turun ke lokasi kajian seperti observasi, soal selidik dan temubual dan rujukan kepada pakar dalam bidang yang berlainan. Pertimbangan maslahah dan mafsdah juga dimplementasikan oleh Jawatankuasa Fatwa dalam setiap keputusan fatwanya berasaskan standard yang menepati kepentingan maqasid al-shari’ah. Kata kunci: Metode, fatwa, istinbat, usul al-fiqh, maqasid al-shari’ah

Spatial and Institutional Analysis of the Voivodships Expenditure on Culture in the Years 2003 – 2015

e-Finanse ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 67-75
Author(s):  
Adam Mateusz Suchecki
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Public Administration ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Institutional Analysis ◽  
The State ◽  
Cultural Institutions ◽  
Location Quotient ◽  
Local Authorities ◽  
National Heritage

AbstractFollowing the completion of the process of decentralisation of public administration in Poland in 2003, a number of tasks implemented previously by the state authorities were transferred to the local level. One of the most significant changes to the financing and management methods of the local authorities was the transfer of tasks related to culture and national heritage to the set of tasks implemented by local governments. As a result of the decentralisation process, the local government units in Poland were given significant autonomy in determining the purposes of their budgetary expenditures on culture. At the same time, they were obliged to cover these expenses from their own revenues.This paper focuses on the analysis of expenditures on culture covered by the voivodship budgets, taking into consideration the structure of cultural institutions by their types, between 2003-2015. The location quotient (LQ) was applied to two selected years (2006 and 2015) to illustrate the diversity of expenditures on culture in individual voivodships.

Efficiency of pay for performance program on the brazilian judiciary

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Cláudio de Jesus-Silva ◽  
Antônio Luiz Marques ◽  
André Luiz Nunes Zogahib
Keyword(s):  
Performance Improvement ◽  
Pay For Performance ◽  
Field Research ◽  
The State ◽  
Quantitative Approach ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Court Of Justice ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Compensation Program ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

This article aims to examine the variable compensation program for performance implanted in the Brazilian Judiciary. For this purpose, a survey was conducted with the servers of the Court of Justice of the State of Roraima - Amazon - Brazil. The strategy consisted of field research with quantitative approach, with descriptive and explanatory research and conducting survey using a structured questionnaire, available through the INTERNET. The population surveyed, 37.79% is the sample. The results indicate the effectiveness of the program as a tool of motivation and performance improvement and also the need for some adjustments and improvements, especially on the perception of equity of the program and the distribution of rewards.

THE SIGNIFICANCE OF THE NATIONAL ARCHIVE FUND FOR CULTURAL AND HISTORICAL HERITAGE

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (7) ◽  
pp. 2417-2425
Author(s):  
Peter Peikov ◽  
Borana Hadjieva
Keyword(s):  
Financial Stability ◽  
National Archive ◽  
The State ◽  
Cultural Significance ◽  
Political Climate ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Historical Heritage ◽  
The Individual

The present paper reveals the significance of the National Archival Fund for preservation of the historical and cultural memory of the Bulgarian nation and the formation of historical consciousness. The National Archives Fund is defined as the largest collection of documents with historical, scientific, social, economic, cultural significance as an essential part of the cultural and historical heritage of Bulgaria.It treasures documents about the history of thousands of institutions and prominent figures of the state, economy, culture and art, of ordinary citizens whose activity is historically important in one respect or another.The emphasis of the study is on the main factors determining the daily enrichment of the National Archival Fund with new documents. Among these key factors are development of documentaristics and archivistics, trends in social development, ideological and political climate, financial stability and attitude of the society as a whole, of the istitutional leaders and administrative heads, creating documents, in particular, of the non-governmental organizations and even of the individual citizen to the problems in the field of archivistics.In the focus of the paper as well is the leading role of the state archives for the formation of the National Archival Fund of Bulgaria and the opportunities for cooperation with museums, libraries, community centers and other institutions of memory working with the same purpose and vision.

TOURISM MOBILITY AT THE SUMMER OLYMPIC GAMES RIO 2016

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda Cabral ◽  
Carolin Lusby ◽  
Ricardo Uvinha
Keyword(s):  
Olympic Games ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Bus Rapid Transit ◽  
Rapid Transit ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Tourist Attractions ◽  
Official Sources ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City

Sports Tourism as a segment is growing exponentially in Brazil. The sports mega-events that occurred in the period from 2007 to 2016 helped strengthen this sector significantly. This article examined tourism mobility during the Summer Olympic Games Rio 2016, hosted by the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. This study expands the understanding of the relationship between tourism and city infrastructure, therefore being relevant to academics, professionals of the area and to the whole society due to its multidisciplinary field. The existence of a relationship between means of transportation and the Olympic regions as well as tourist attractions for a possible legacy was observed. Data were collected from official sources, field research and through participant-observation and semi structured interviews. Data were coded and analyzed. The results indicate that the city was overall successful in its execution of sufficient mobility. New means of transportation were added and others updated. BRT's (Bus Rapid Transit) were the main use of mass transport to Olympic sites. However, a lack of public transport access was observed for the touristic sites.

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