scholarly journals RESIDUAL ACTIVITY OF HERBICIDES APPLIED TO COTTON ON CROPS CULTIVATED IN SUCCESSION

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
ELIEZER ANTONIO GHENO ◽  
RUBEM SILVÉRIO DE OLIVEIRA JUNIOR ◽  
JAMIL CONSTANTIN ◽  
HUDSON KAGUEYAMA TAKANO ◽  
ALEXANDRE GEMELLI
Keyword(s):  
Residual Activity ◽  
The Other ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Carryover Effects ◽  
Control Applications ◽  
Significant Damage ◽  
Crop Development ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Time Periods

ABSTRACT: Herbicides with high persistence in soil can cause problems for crops sown in succession to their application. Thus, the aim of this study was to estimate, in greenhouse conditions, the safe period of time after application of preemergent herbicides used on cotton crops (isolated or in mixtures) for the crops grown in succession (bean, corn, and soybean). The experimental design was completely randomized in a factorial scheme (5 x 11) + 1, with five repetitions. For each experiment, treatments combined different time periods between herbicide application and sowing of crops (280, 210, 140, 70, and 0 days before sowing of crops) with eleven herbicide treatments: fomesafen (625 g ha-1) prometryne (1250 g ha-1), diuron (1250 g ha-1), S-metolachlor (768 g ha-1), clomazone (1000 g ha-1), fomesafen + prometryne (625 + 1250 g ha-1), fomesafen + diuron (625 + 1250 g ha-1), fomesafen + S-metolachlor (625 + 768 g ha-1), fomesafen + clomazone (625 + 1000 g ha-1), fomesafen + clomazone + diuron (625 + 1000 + 1250 g ha-1), and fomesafen + clomazone + prometryne (625 + 1000 + 1250 g ha-1), plus an untreated control. Applications of diuron showed the greatest persistence, causing the largest carryover effects for the three crops evaluated. The other treatments showed residual effects or affected crop development when sowings were performed up to 70 days after application. At later periods no significant damage was observed.

scholarly journals Preemergent Weed Control in Container-grown Herbaceous Perennials

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 660c-660
Author(s):  
James E. Klett ◽  
David Hillock ◽  
David Staats
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Sea Urchin ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
The Other ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Herbaceous Perennials ◽  
Gypsophila Paniculata ◽  
Herbicide Treatments

Herbicides were applied to container-grown herbaceous perennials and evaluated on the basis of weed control, phytotoxicity, and effect on plant growth. During the 1995 season six preemergent herbicides [(in kg·ha–1) Napropamide (Devrinol 10G), 4.5 and 9.1; Isoxaben (Gallery 75DF), 1.1 and 2.3; Oxadiazon (Ronstar 2G), 4.5 and 9.1; Oxyfluorfen + Oryzalin (Rout 3G), 3.4 and 13.6; Oryzalin (Surflan AS), 2.8 and 4.5; and Trifluralin (Treflan 5G) 4.5 and 9.1, were tested on Callirhoe involucrata, Delosperma nubigenum, Dendranthemum ×morifolium `Jennifer', Festuca cinerea `Sea Urchin', and Gypsophila paniculata `Fairy's Pink'. Isoxaben (both rates) resulted in visual phytotoxicity symptoms and sometimes death to Dendranthemum. Oxadiazon (9.1 kg·ha–1) and Oxyfluorfen + Oryzalin (both rates) resulted in plant chlorosis and necrosis to Delosperma soon after herbicide application, but plants outgrew herbicide damage. Napropamide (both rates), applied to Delosperma, resulted in less dry weight when compared to some of the other herbicide treatments. Oryzalin (4.5 kg·ha–1) resulted in visual phytotoxicity and less plant dry weight to Festuca. Data analysis revealed no significant differences in Callirhoe and Gypsophila. In general, most herbicides controlled weeds effectively.

scholarly journals Residual activity of herbicides used in soybean agriculture on grain sorghum crop succession

2010 ◽  
Vol 28 (spe) ◽  
pp. 1087-1095 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.A. Dan ◽  
L.G.M. Dan ◽  
A.L.L. Barroso ◽  
S.O. Procópio ◽  
R.S. Oliveira JR. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Residual Activity ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Chlorimuron Ethyl ◽  
Crop Succession

The sorghum is a kind of prominence before the cultures used in succession in the Brazil. However, little information concerning the effects of residual activity of herbicides on the crop in this region are known. The objective of this study was to evaluate the residual activity of herbicides used in weed management in soybeans as well as check their effects on grain sorghum grown in succession. For the field experiment, we used a randomized block design with four replications. Eight herbicide treatments were evaluated: imazaquin (0,161 kg ha-1), diclosulam (0,035 kg ha-1), sulfentrazone (0,600 kg ha-1) and flumioxazin (0,05 kg ha-1) in applications made before emergency and chlorimuron-ethyl (0,015 kg ha-1), imazethapyr (0,060 kg ha-1), imazethapyr (0,100 kg ha-1) and fomesafen (0,250 kg ha-1) applied post-emergence soybean (V3 stadium, 18 DAE), and a control without herbicide application. The grain sorghum (cv. AG-1040) was sown after the harvest of soybeans. The residual activity of these herbicides was determined by bioassay, using the same sorghum cultivars evaluated in the field during the period from 0 to 200days after application the treatments. The sorghum crop showed high sensitivity to residual activity of the herbicide sulfentrazone, diclosulam and imazethapyr dose of 0,100 kg ha-1, even when grown after soybean harvest. Furthermore, the residual activity of sulfentrazone exceeded the range of assessment of bioassay, and more than 200 days.

scholarly journals Weed management during and after rhizoma perennial peanut establishment.

1969 ◽  
Vol 94 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 111-119
Author(s):  
María de L. Lugo-Torres ◽  
Teodoro M. Ruiz ◽  
Raúl Macchiavelli
Keyword(s):  
Field Study ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
The Other ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Early Application ◽  
Arachis Glabrata ◽  
Herbicide Treatments

A field study was conducted to evaluate the effect of dimethenamid and imazethapyr followed by clethodim and bromoxynil, on rhizoma perennial peanut (Arachis glabrata) during and after establishment.There were no significant differences in any of the parameters measured among rhizoma perennial peanut accessions as a result of the effects of herbicides. Excellent grass control was obtained when dimethenamid (preemergence) at 1.68 and 3.36 kg ai/ha was applied during the first month as compared with the use of imazethapyr. At 26 weeks after herbicide application (WAH) excellent grass control was obtained in all herbicide treatments. At 52 WAH no differences were observed for broadleaf and grass density. No differences were detected for dry weight of rhizoma perennial peanut and weeds among herbicide treatments at the 26- and 52-WAH harvests. Plots receiving imazethapyr as an early postemergence (POE) had 44 g/m2 more dry weight of weeds than plots with dimethenamid at the lowest rate, but no differences were found among the other treatments. The lowest weight of rhizoma perennial peanut was with imazethapyr early POE, as compared with the three other herbicide treatments. No difference was observed with dimethenamid at either rate. After two years, density of broadleaves was the highest (55.6 plants per square meter) with imazethapyr applied early POE. Density of grasses was lower with imazethapyr preemergence and dimethenamid at a lower rate than with the other two herbicide treatments. Overall, taking into account all rates and dates of herbicide applications, the best weed control was obtained with the early application dates. 

scholarly journals Yield, germination and herbicide residue in seeds of preharvest desiccated wheat

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 304-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lais Tessari Perboni ◽  
Dirceu Agostinetto ◽  
Leandro Vargas ◽  
Joanei Cechin ◽  
Renan Ricardo Zandoná ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Application Time ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Herbicide Residue ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Weight Yield ◽  
Time Periods ◽  
Dough Stage ◽  
Wheat Seeds

Abstract: The goals of this study were to evaluate herbicide application rates at different timings for preharvest desiccation of wheat (Trial 1), as well as to evaluate the effect of the timing of herbicide desiccation at preharvest and harvest timing (Trial 2) on yield, germination, and herbicide residue in wheat seed. In Trial 1, treatments consisted of two application rates of glufosinate, glyphosate, paraquat, or paraquat+diuron and a control without application; application time periods were in the milk grain to early dough stage, soft dough to hard dough stage, and hard dough stage. In Trial 2, treatments consisted of different application time periods (milk grain to early dough stage, and soft dough to hard dough stage), different herbicides (glufosinate, 2,4-D+glyphosate, and untreated control), and different harvest times (5, 10 and 15 days after herbicide application). One thousand seeds weight, yield, first and final germination count, and herbicide residue on seeds were evaluated. Preharvest desiccation with paraquat, glufosinate, and 2,4-D+glyphosate at the milk grain to early dough stage reduces wheat yield. Regardless of the herbicide and application rate, application in the milk grain to early dough stage and soft dough to hard dough stage provides greater germination of wheat seeds, except at the lower dose of paraquat. Systemic herbicides accumulate more in wheat seeds.

scholarly journals A Weed Compaction Roller System for Use with Mechanical Herbicide Application

2006 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam H. Wiese ◽  
Daniel A. Netzer ◽  
Don E. Riemenschneider ◽  
Ronald S. Zalesny
Keyword(s):  
Tree Plantations ◽  
Diameter Growth ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Treatment Combination ◽  
Invasive Weed ◽  
Vegetation Control ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Roller System ◽  
The Cost

Abstract We designed, constructed, and field-tested a versatile and unique weed compaction roller system that can be used with mechanical herbicide application for invasive weed control in tree plantations, agronomic settings, and areas where localized flora and fauna are in danger of elimination from the landscape. The weed compaction roller system combined with herbicide application generally had greater vegetation control compared with using only herbicide treatments or the unsprayed control. The roller system-herbicide treatment combination showed substantial total vegetation control two growing seasons after application without impacting diameter growth of the crop trees, which supports the need for less frequent entries into the field. The cost of the roller system was approximately $300.00.

MON-37500 for Weed Control and Alfalfa Seed Production

2004 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 810-815 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clayton D. Myhre ◽  
Heather A. Loeppky ◽  
F. Craig Stevenson
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Residual Activity ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Early Season ◽  
Perennial Weed ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Alfalfa Seed

Alfalfa seed producers have a limited number of herbicide options to manage weed problems. MON-37500 (proposed name sulfosulfuron) is a sulfonylurea herbicide that controls dandelion and quackgrass, two common weeds in alfalfa fields. A study was conducted in two alfalfa fields at Valparaiso and Carrot River, Saskatchewan, Canada, from 1999 to 2001 to evaluate perennial weed control and alfalfa production responses with 0.5×, 1×, and 1.5× label-recommended rates of MON-37500 and also 2,4-DB and hexazinone. MON-37500 applied at the 1× and 1.5× rates at both locations reduced mid-May alfalfa vigor from 100% to between 80 and 90% and increased early-season control of dandelion and quackgrass by about 10 to 40 percentage units, when compared with other herbicide treatments. Improved weed control with 1× and 1.5× MON-37500 rates was sustained into mid-June only at Carrot River and was completely eliminated (100% vigor and 0% weed control), or almost so, by mid-July. MON-37500 did not control Canada thistle. Improved early-season weed control with the 1× MON-37500 rate apparently compensated for the loss of alfalfa vigor at Valparaiso, thus resulting in 27% (57 kg/ha) greater seed yield than with the other herbicide treatments. At Carrot River, hexazinone generally provided levels of weed control similar to MON-37500 but did not injure alfalfa. Consequently, alfalfa yields were highest and the proportion of dead (decaying) seed was least with this treatment. The 0.5× MON-37500 rate often resulted in inferior weed control relative to the 1× and 1.5× rates and never was among the herbicide treatments providing the greatest seed yield. Managing the residual activity of MON-37500 and its negative effect on alfalfa growth, especially at locations with soils having coarse texture and low organic matter content, represents the greatest challenge in making MON-37500 a reliable weed management tool for alfalfa seed producers.

Toxic properties of Aeromonas proteolytica

1974 ◽  
Vol 20 (10) ◽  
pp. 1403-1409 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. G. Foster ◽  
Mary O. Hanna
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Culture Filtrate ◽  
Hemolytic Activity ◽  
Optimal Growth ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
The Other ◽  
Activity Peak ◽  
Endopeptidase Activity ◽  
Time Periods ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

Aeromonas proteolytica was grown for various time periods in nutrient broth, tryptic soy broth, a semisynthetic medium, and 1 and 5% peptone under different conditions involving temperature and in continuous shake and stationary flasks. The cell-free culture filtrates were tested for hemolytic, endopeptidase, and dermonecrotic activity and optimal growth conditions for their production were determined. The dermonecrotic activity and endopeptidase activity was found to be parallel in all tests, while hemolysin was independent of the other two. Studies on the thermal stability of the culture filtrate revealed that hemolysin and dermonecrotic and endopeptidase activity were destroyed at 70 °C for 30 min. Fractionation of the filtrate by Sephadex G-200 resolved three peaks at 280 nm. Peak I was inactive; peak II contained endopeptidase and dermonecrotic and hemolytic activity; peak III contained pigment and hemolysin. Evidence is presented that the endopeptidase and dermonecrotic substance found in the cell-free filtrates of A. proteolytica grown medium appear at the same time and thus may be the same entity.

scholarly journals Residual Activity of ACCase-Inhibiting Herbicides on Monocot Crops and Weeds

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 364-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zachary D. Lancaster ◽  
Jason K. Norsworthy ◽  
Robert C. Scott
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Residual Activity ◽  
Sprinkler Irrigation ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Rainfall Event ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
Acetyl Coa Carboxylase ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Residual Control

AbstractField experiments were conducted in 2014 and 2015 in Fayetteville, Arkansas, to evaluate the residual activity of acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase)–inhibiting herbicides for monocot crop injury and weed control. Conventional rice, quizalofop-resistant rice, grain sorghum, and corn crops were evaluated for tolerance to soil applications of six herbicides (quizalofop at 80 and 160 g ai ha–1, clethodim at 68 and 136 g ai ha–1, fenoxaprop at 122 g ai ha–1, cyhalofop at 313 g ai ha–1, fluazifop at 210 and 420 g ai ha–1, and sethoxydim at 140 and 280 g ai ha–1). Overhead sprinkler irrigation of 1.3 cm was applied immediately after treatment to half of the plots, and the crops planted into the treated plots at 0, 7, and 14 d after herbicide treatment. In 2014, injury from herbicide treatments increased with activation for all crops evaluated, except for quizalofop-resistant rice. At 14 d after treatment (DAT) in 2014, corn and grain sorghum were injured 19% and 20%, respectively, from the higher rate of sethoxydim with irrigation activation averaged over plant-back dates. Conventional rice was injured 13% by the higher rate of fluazifop in 2014. Quizalofop-resistant rice was injured no more than 4% by any of the graminicides evaluated in either year. In 2015, a rainfall event occurred within 24 h of initiating the experiment; thus, there were no differences between activation via irrigation or by rainfall. However, as in 2014, grain sorghum and corn were injured 16% and 13%, respectively, by the higher rate of sethoxydim, averaged over plant-back dates. All herbicides provided little residual control of grass weeds, mainly broadleaf signalgrass and barnyardgrass. These findings indicate the need to continue allowing a plant-back interval to rice following a graminicide application, unless quizalofop-resistant rice is to be planted. The plant-back interval will vary by graminicide and the amount of moisture received following the application.

scholarly journals Effects of herbicides on growth and number of actinomycetes in soil and in vitro

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 121-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ljiljana Santric ◽  
Ljiljana Radivojevic ◽  
Jelena Gajic-Umiljendic ◽  
Marija Saric-Krsmanovic ◽  
Rada Djurovic-Pejcev
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Significant Inhibition ◽  
The Other ◽  
Transient Effects ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Laboratory Conditions

This study was conducted under laboratory conditions to investigate the effects of herbicides (nicosulfuron, metribuzin and glyphosate) on the number of actinomycetes in soil and growth of several isolates of actinomycetes in vitro. The lowest tested concentrations equalled the recommended rates (1X), while the other three were five-fold (5X), ten-fold (10X) and fifty-fold (50X). Samples were collected for analysis 3, 7, 14, 30 and 45 days after herbicide application. Treatment with the two highest concentrations of herbicides (10X and 50X) caused a significant inhibition of the number of actinomycetes in soil and growth of the isolates in vitro. The obtained data indicated that the effect depended on the type of herbicide, application rate, duration of activity and actinomycetes isolate. The study suggests that herbicide applications in soil caused transient effects on the growth and development on actinomycetes community in soil.

scholarly journals S-metolachlor efficacy on the control of Brachiaria decumbens, Digitaria horizontalis, and Panicum maximum in mechanically green harvested sugarcane

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 861-870 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.M. Correia ◽  
F.J. Perussi ◽  
L.J.P. Gomes
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Cane ◽  
Crop Residue ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Visible Injury ◽  
Brachiaria Decumbens ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Herbicide Treatments

The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of S-metolachlor applied in pre-emergence conditions for the control of Brachiaria decumbens, Digitaria horizontalis, and Panicum maximum in sugar cane mechanically harvested without previous burning of the crop (green harvest) with the crop residue either left or not on the soil surface. The experiments were established in the field according to a randomized complete block design with four repetitions in a 7 x 2 split-plot scheme. In the plots, five herbicide treatments were studied (S-metolachlor at 1.44, 1.92, and 2.40 kg ha-1, clomazone at 1.20 kg ha-1, and isoxaflutole at 0.188 kg ha-1), and two control treatments with no herbicide application. In the subplots, the presence or absence of sugar cane crop residue on the soil surface was evaluated. S-metolachlor efficacy was not hampered by either 14 or 20 t ha-1 of sugar cane crop residue on the soil surface. When sugar cane crop residue was covering the soil surface, S-metolachlor at a rate of 1.44 kg ha-1 resulted in weed control similar at their larger rates, where as without the presence of crop residue, S-metolachlor controlled B. decumbens, D. horizontalis, and P. maximum at the rates of 1.92, 1.44, and 1.92 kg ha-1, respectively. The herbicides clomazone and isoxaflutole were effective for the studied species, independently of the crop residue covering the soil surface. S-metolachlor caused no visible injury symptoms to the sugar cane plant. Clomazone and isoxaflutole caused visible injuries to the sugar cane plant. None of the herbicides negatively affected the number of viable culms m² or the culm height and diameter.

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