scholarly journals Residual activity of herbicides used in soybean agriculture on grain sorghum crop succession

2010 ◽  
Vol 28 (spe) ◽  
pp. 1087-1095 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.A. Dan ◽  
L.G.M. Dan ◽  
A.L.L. Barroso ◽  
S.O. Procópio ◽  
R.S. Oliveira JR. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Residual Activity ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Chlorimuron Ethyl ◽  
Crop Succession

The sorghum is a kind of prominence before the cultures used in succession in the Brazil. However, little information concerning the effects of residual activity of herbicides on the crop in this region are known. The objective of this study was to evaluate the residual activity of herbicides used in weed management in soybeans as well as check their effects on grain sorghum grown in succession. For the field experiment, we used a randomized block design with four replications. Eight herbicide treatments were evaluated: imazaquin (0,161 kg ha-1), diclosulam (0,035 kg ha-1), sulfentrazone (0,600 kg ha-1) and flumioxazin (0,05 kg ha-1) in applications made before emergency and chlorimuron-ethyl (0,015 kg ha-1), imazethapyr (0,060 kg ha-1), imazethapyr (0,100 kg ha-1) and fomesafen (0,250 kg ha-1) applied post-emergence soybean (V3 stadium, 18 DAE), and a control without herbicide application. The grain sorghum (cv. AG-1040) was sown after the harvest of soybeans. The residual activity of these herbicides was determined by bioassay, using the same sorghum cultivars evaluated in the field during the period from 0 to 200days after application the treatments. The sorghum crop showed high sensitivity to residual activity of the herbicide sulfentrazone, diclosulam and imazethapyr dose of 0,100 kg ha-1, even when grown after soybean harvest. Furthermore, the residual activity of sulfentrazone exceeded the range of assessment of bioassay, and more than 200 days.

Optimizing the Application Time of Pre-emergence Herbicide Pendimethalin and Oxyfluorfen Application for Effective Weed Management in Irrigated Blackgram (Vigna mungo L.) and Its Residue Persistence

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Selvakumar ◽  
R. Ajaykumar ◽  
A. Ammaiyappan
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Vigna Mungo ◽  
Application Time ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Control Efficiency ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Weed Control Efficiency

Background: Time of pre-emergence herbicide application is an important factor that decides the efficiency of herbicide. If the pre-emergence herbicide is not applied at appropriate time, it may cause ineffective weed control or toxicity to crops. With this background, a field experiment was conducted at TNAU, Madurai to optimize the time of pre-emergence herbicides namely pendimethalin and oxyfluorfen application for effective weed management in irrigated blackgram. Methods: The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with three replication. Treatments were application of pendimethalin at 0.75 kg ha-1 and oxyfluorfen at 0.2 kg ha-1 on 1, 2, 3, 4 days after sowing, weed free check and unweeded check. Result: Results of the study revealed that oxyfluorfen gave maximum weed control efficiency as compared to pendimethalin, but toxicity to the crop was observed when oxyfluorfen was sprayed after 2 days of sowing. Yield and economics were achieved higher with application of 0.75 kg ha-1 of pendimethalin at 2 DAS, which was on par with application of 0.2 kg ha-1 of oxyfluorfen at 1 DAS due to lesser toxicity. Application of 0.75 kg ha-1 of pendimethalin and 0.2 kg ha-1 of oxyfluorfen didn’t leave any herbicide residue after harvest. Hence, application of 0.75 kg ha-1 of pendimethalin at 2 DAS and 0.2 kg ha-1 of oxyfluorfen at 1 DAS can be recommended for effective weed management in irrigated balckgram.

scholarly journals Weed Management in Rice under Sprinkler and Flood Irrigation Systems

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.B. HELGUEIRA ◽  
T. D’AVILA ROSA ◽  
L. GALON ◽  
D.S. MOURA ◽  
A.T. MARTINI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Sprinkler Irrigation ◽  
Flood Irrigation ◽  
Irrigation Systems ◽  
Factor B ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Herbicide Treatments

ABSTRACT: This study aimed to assess the efficiency and selectivity of herbicides in rice submitted to sprinkler and flood irrigation systems. The experimental design was a randomized block design arranged in a 2 × 9 factorial scheme. Factor A consisted of irrigation systems (sprinkler and flood) and Factor B consisted of herbicide treatments (T1 - control; T2 - imazethapyr + imazapic, 75 + 25 g a.i. ha-1; T3 - imazethapyr + imazapic, 150 + 50 g a.i. ha-1; T4 - imazapic + imazapyr, 73.5 + 24.5 g a.i. ha-1; T5 - imazapic + imazapyr, 147 + 49 g a.i. ha-1; T6 - imazethapyr, 106 g a.i. ha-1; T7 - imazethapyr, 212 g a.i. ha-1; T8 - sequential application of imazethapyr + imazapic, 75 + 25 g a.i. ha-1; and T9 - sequential application of imazapic + imazapyr, 73.5 + 24.5 g a.i. ha-1). The application of imazethapyr and formulated mixtures of imazethapyr + imazapic and imazapyr + imazapic provided a control higher than 97% in flood and sprinkler irrigation systems. Herbicide selectivity is not altered in the sprinkler irrigation system when compared to the flood irrigation system.

scholarly journals Management Programs to Control Conyza spp. in Pre-Soybean Sowing Applications

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
L.H.S. ZOBIOLE ◽  
F.H. KRENCHINSKI ◽  
G.R. PEREIRA ◽  
P.E. RAMPAZZO ◽  
R.S. RUBIN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Western Region ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Ammonium Glufosinate ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Chlorimuron Ethyl ◽  
Different Growth Stages

ABSTRACT: The goal of this study was to compare the efficacy of different weed management through a burndown application followed by sequential applications of herbicides to control Conyza spp. Thus, four field experiments were conducted, two in the western region of Paraná state (E1 and E2), one in Jataí, Goiás state (E3) and another one in Ibirubá, Rio Grande do Sul state (E4). Conyza spp. in this area had a height ranging between 25 and 60 cm. Treatments were arranged in a randomized block design with four replications. The primary herbicide treatments were 2,4-D + glyphosate + diclosulam, chlorimuron-ethyl + glyphosate + 2,4-D, and four doses of diclosulam + halauxifen-methyl + glyphosate. These treatments were applied singly or in sequential applications, made 10 days before the application of ammonium glufosinate, paraquat or saflufenacil. In all experiments, results showed efficient (90%) control of treatments containing diclosulam + halauxifen-methyl in combination with glyphosate on day 35 DAA, regardless of sequential applications. Applications of 2,4-D + glyphosate + diclosulam or chlorimuron-ethyl + glyphosate + 2,4-D were not effective against Conyza spp. at E1 and E2 locations, possibly due to the greater weed size (50 to 60 cm) at these sites. However, the same treatments were effective at E3 and E4 locations, where weeds were smaller. Diclosulam + halauxifen-methyl + glyphosate associated with ammonium glufosinate, paraquat or saflufenacil in sequential applications, proved to be an important tool to manage Conyza spp. at different growth stages.

scholarly journals Bio-efficacy of tank mixed herbicides for control of complex weed flora in soybean (Glycine max L. Merril)

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 2231-2234
Author(s):  
Mahender Singh ◽  
I. S. Tomar ◽  
J. Morya ◽  
Arjun K. Verma ◽  
R. K. Tripati
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Chlorimuron Ethyl ◽  
Hand Weeding

A field experiment was conducted at ZARS, Jhabua (M.P.) during kharif 2014 to find out most suitable and efficient method of weed control in soybean. The experiment consisted of nine treatments laid out in randomized block design with three replications. All the weed management practices led to significant reduction in density and dry matter of weeds as compared to weedy check. Two hand weeding (20 & 40 DAS) recorded lowest weed density (4.9/ m2), weed dry matter (22.35 g/m2) with highest weed control efficiency of 59.67% and found at par with the application of Chlorimuron Ethyl @ 9gm /ha + Quizalofop-p-ethyl @ 50 g /ha (density 5.48/ m2, dry matter 26.62 g/m2 and WCE of 51.97%) and Imazethapyr @ 35 g /ha + Imazamox @ 35 g/ha (density 6.13/ m2, dry matter 26.00 g/m2 and WCE of 53.08%). Maximum yield of 1782 kg/ha was recorded in two hand weeding (20 & 40 DAS) closely followed by Chlorimuron Ethyl @ 9gm /ha + Quizalofop-p-ethyl @ 50 g /ha (1723 kg/ha) and Imazethapyr @ 35 g / ha + Imazamox @ 35 g/ha (1697 kg/ha). Reduction in soybean yield in weedy check to be recorded is 38.78 per cent when compared to weed free and 36.68 per cent in comparison to Chlorimuron Ethyl @ 9gm /ha + Quizalofopp-ethyl @ 50 g /ha. However, highest Benefit to Cost ratio is recorded in Chlorimuron Ethyl +Quizalofop-p-ethyl (3.26) closely followed by Imazethapyr + Imazamox (3.22) and Weed free (3.21).

scholarly journals Control of ALS- and EPSPS-Resistant Amaranthus palmeri by Alternative Herbicides Applied in PRE- and POST-Emergence

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. GONÇALVES NETTO ◽  
M. NICOLAI ◽  
S.J.P. CARVALHO ◽  
M.R. MALARDO ◽  
R.F. LÓPEZ-OVEJERO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sandy Soil ◽  
Clayey Soil ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Correct Identification ◽  
Amaranthus Palmeri ◽  
Cotton Production ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Herbicide Treatments

ABSTRACT: The emergence of resistant biotypes of the Amaranthus palmeri species in cotton production areas of the state of Mato Grosso, Brazil, generated the need for correct identification of this species and information on viable herbicidal tools for their management. Thus, greenhouse experiments were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of alternative herbicides applied to A. palmeri in pre and post emergence. A randomized block design with four replications was used. The efficacy of herbicides applied in pre emergence was evaluate in two experiments, one in a clayey and other in a sandy soil; 9 herbicide treatments (8 with herbicide application and a control without application) were applied on each soil. Subsequently, two experiments with different populations of A. palmeri were conducted, using a 13 x 2 factorial arrangement, to evaluate the efficacy of herbicides applied in post emergence. The factors consisted of 13 herbicide treatments (12 with herbicide application and a control without application) and two weed development stages (2-4 and 6-8 leaves). Pre-emergence application of the flumioxazin, S-metolachlor, isoxaflutole, and trifluralin herbicides controlled the weed satisfactorily in both evaluated soils. The sulfentrazone and metribuzin herbicides were effective in the sandy soil, and diuron was effective in the clayey soil. The clomazone herbicide did not successfully controlled the A. palmeri plants in any of the soils. All post-emergence herbicide treatments were effective for the management of A. palmeri plants, when they were applied at the 2-4 leaf stage.

scholarly journals Weed management in kharif rice in new alluvial zone of West Bengal

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 716-722
Author(s):  
K. Ghosh ◽  
K. A. Chowdary ◽  
B. C. Patra ◽  
S. Sardar
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
West Bengal ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Chlorimuron Ethyl ◽  
Hand Weeding

A field experiment was carried out during the Kharif season of two consecutive years 2015 and 2016 at Instructional Farm, Jaguli, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Nadia, West Bengal with the focal objective to assess the effect of different weed control measures on yield of transplanted kharif rice, IET 4786. Experiment having 3 replications was conducted in Randomized Block Design with nine treatments, namely, T1- Pendimethalin 30% EC + Pyrazosulfuron ethyl 10 % WP @ 675 + 15 g a.i, T2- Pendimethalin 30% EC + Pyrazosulfuron ethyl 10 % WP @ 900 + 200 g a.i, T3- Pendimethalin 30% EC + Pyrazosulfuron ethyl 10 % WP @ 1125 + 25 g a.i, T4- Pendimethalin 30% EC @ 1500 g a.i, T5- Pyrazosulfuron ethyl 10 % WP @ 15 g a.i, T6- Pyrazosulfuron ethyl 10 % WP @ 20 g a.i, T7- Metsulfuron methyl 10 % + Chlorimuron ethyl 10 % WP @ 4 g a.i, T8- Hand weeding and T9- Weedy check. Significant variations were observed on the mixed weed flora as well as on performance of rice under the different herbicidal treatments.Pendimethalin 30% EC + Pyrazosulfuron ethyl 10% WP @ 1125+25 g a.i) was found to be the most effective recording the lowest weed population and weed dry weight with  the highest weed control efficiency (83.5% in 2015 and 79.8 % in 2016) and the highest number of panicles m-2 (215.1 in 2015 and 231 in 2016), number of filled grains panicle-1 (85.39 in 2015 and 115.47 in 2016) and grain yield of rice (3.60 t/ha in 2015 and 5.30 t/ha in 2016). The lowest grain yield(2.20 t/ha in 2015 and 3.40 t/ha in 2016) and the highest weed density were observed in weedy check plots.

scholarly journals Effect of the interaction between fungicide application time and rainfall simulation interval on Asian Soybean Rust control effectiveness

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 3881 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marlon Tagliapietra Stefanello ◽  
Ricardo Silveiro Balardin ◽  
Simone Gripa Minuzzi ◽  
Diego Dalla Favera ◽  
Leandro Nascimento Marques ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Control ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Residual Activity ◽  
Rainfall Simulation ◽  
Soybean Rust ◽  
Fungicide Application ◽  
Control Effectiveness ◽  
Asian Soybean Rust ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Negative Effect

Environmental factors affect the performance of fungicides in soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.). They also influence the residual activity of the products applied to the leaves. The objective of this study was to assess the control effectiveness of the interaction between fungicide application and rainfall simulation on Asian Soybean Rust (ASR). Two experiments were conducted, one in the greenhouse, in a completely randomized design, and the other in the field, in a randomized block design. Both the experiments had the same factorial arrangement of 6x5, with four replications. Factor A: Five fungicide applications time at 0400 h, 0900 h, 1400 h, 1800 h, 2300 h and, a control with no application; Factor B: four intervals of time between the application of fungicide and rainfall simulation at 0, 30, 60 and 120 min for the experiment in the greenhouse and at 2, 30, 60, 120 min for the experiment in the field. A control was included for both the experiments with no rainfall. The number of days to the appearance of the first pustules was determined, along with severity of ASR, relative chlorophyll index and productivity. It was found that the ASR control effectiveness of fungicide applications in soybean plants in sunlight was less efficient with rainfall simulation. The rainfall simulation had greater negative effect on disease control effectiveness in applications conducted at night under dew conditions. The application conducted at 0900 h showed the greatest disease control effectiveness in both greenhouse and in the field conditions. The 1400 h application showed decreased fungicide control residual and ASR control effectiveness, possibly due to a combination of the low relative humidity and high temperature. Rainfall simulation carried out at 120 min after application still had the ability to affect the ASR control effectiveness.

scholarly journals Residual Activity of ACCase-Inhibiting Herbicides on Monocot Crops and Weeds

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 364-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zachary D. Lancaster ◽  
Jason K. Norsworthy ◽  
Robert C. Scott
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Residual Activity ◽  
Sprinkler Irrigation ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Rainfall Event ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
Acetyl Coa Carboxylase ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Residual Control

AbstractField experiments were conducted in 2014 and 2015 in Fayetteville, Arkansas, to evaluate the residual activity of acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase)–inhibiting herbicides for monocot crop injury and weed control. Conventional rice, quizalofop-resistant rice, grain sorghum, and corn crops were evaluated for tolerance to soil applications of six herbicides (quizalofop at 80 and 160 g ai ha–1, clethodim at 68 and 136 g ai ha–1, fenoxaprop at 122 g ai ha–1, cyhalofop at 313 g ai ha–1, fluazifop at 210 and 420 g ai ha–1, and sethoxydim at 140 and 280 g ai ha–1). Overhead sprinkler irrigation of 1.3 cm was applied immediately after treatment to half of the plots, and the crops planted into the treated plots at 0, 7, and 14 d after herbicide treatment. In 2014, injury from herbicide treatments increased with activation for all crops evaluated, except for quizalofop-resistant rice. At 14 d after treatment (DAT) in 2014, corn and grain sorghum were injured 19% and 20%, respectively, from the higher rate of sethoxydim with irrigation activation averaged over plant-back dates. Conventional rice was injured 13% by the higher rate of fluazifop in 2014. Quizalofop-resistant rice was injured no more than 4% by any of the graminicides evaluated in either year. In 2015, a rainfall event occurred within 24 h of initiating the experiment; thus, there were no differences between activation via irrigation or by rainfall. However, as in 2014, grain sorghum and corn were injured 16% and 13%, respectively, by the higher rate of sethoxydim, averaged over plant-back dates. All herbicides provided little residual control of grass weeds, mainly broadleaf signalgrass and barnyardgrass. These findings indicate the need to continue allowing a plant-back interval to rice following a graminicide application, unless quizalofop-resistant rice is to be planted. The plant-back interval will vary by graminicide and the amount of moisture received following the application.

scholarly journals S-metolachlor efficacy on the control of Brachiaria decumbens, Digitaria horizontalis, and Panicum maximum in mechanically green harvested sugarcane

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 861-870 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.M. Correia ◽  
F.J. Perussi ◽  
L.J.P. Gomes
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Cane ◽  
Crop Residue ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Visible Injury ◽  
Brachiaria Decumbens ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Herbicide Treatments

The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of S-metolachlor applied in pre-emergence conditions for the control of Brachiaria decumbens, Digitaria horizontalis, and Panicum maximum in sugar cane mechanically harvested without previous burning of the crop (green harvest) with the crop residue either left or not on the soil surface. The experiments were established in the field according to a randomized complete block design with four repetitions in a 7 x 2 split-plot scheme. In the plots, five herbicide treatments were studied (S-metolachlor at 1.44, 1.92, and 2.40 kg ha-1, clomazone at 1.20 kg ha-1, and isoxaflutole at 0.188 kg ha-1), and two control treatments with no herbicide application. In the subplots, the presence or absence of sugar cane crop residue on the soil surface was evaluated. S-metolachlor efficacy was not hampered by either 14 or 20 t ha-1 of sugar cane crop residue on the soil surface. When sugar cane crop residue was covering the soil surface, S-metolachlor at a rate of 1.44 kg ha-1 resulted in weed control similar at their larger rates, where as without the presence of crop residue, S-metolachlor controlled B. decumbens, D. horizontalis, and P. maximum at the rates of 1.92, 1.44, and 1.92 kg ha-1, respectively. The herbicides clomazone and isoxaflutole were effective for the studied species, independently of the crop residue covering the soil surface. S-metolachlor caused no visible injury symptoms to the sugar cane plant. Clomazone and isoxaflutole caused visible injuries to the sugar cane plant. None of the herbicides negatively affected the number of viable culms m² or the culm height and diameter.

scholarly journals Interactions Between Herbicide Application and Timing of Nitrogen Fertilization in Maize Hybrids

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
Guilherme V. Pimentel ◽  
Silvino G. Moreira ◽  
Mateus O. T. de Avila ◽  
Antonio Henrique F. de Carvalho ◽  
Alessandro A. P. da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
No Reduction ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Maize Hybrids ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Different Levels

Maize hybrids have different levels of tolerance to the herbicide nicosulfuron, depending on the dose, the environment, the phenological stage of the plant and the timing of nitrogen fertilization, and phytotoxic effects can occur without proper management. There is also limited information on the selectivity of current genetically modified hybrids for other recommended herbicides, such as tembotrione. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of herbicides (tembotrione and nicosulfuron) and the timing of nitrogen fertilization on the yield of maize hybrids. The experimental design was a randomized block design, in a 4 × 2 factorial arrangement, with 4 replicates. The treatments consisted of four treatments [weeding; nicosulfuron + atrazine (20 and 32 + 1250 g ha-1 ai) and tembotrione + atrazine (75.6 + 1250 g ha-1 ai)] and two nitrogen fertilization times (0 and 7 days after application). Maize hybrids P30F53 Leptra, DKB 230PRO3 and KWS 9004PRO2 were assessed in two growing seasons (1st and 2nd harvest) during the 2016/2017 growing season. The percentages of weed control; phytotoxicity at 7, 14 and 21 days after application (DAA); plant height; number of rows per ear; and yield at harvest were evaluated. All herbicides were more effective in controlling weeds at the 1st harvest because of favourable climatic conditions. Nitrogen fertilization can be carried out on the same day as the application of the herbicides nicosulfuron and tembotrione with no reduction in yield for the hybrids P30F53 Leptra, DKB 230PRO3 and KWS 9004PRO2.

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