scholarly journals Reduction in the spray drift of 2,4-D in tomato using hydraulic nozzles with air induction and LI-700 adjuvant

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 134-139
Author(s):  
João de Deus Godinho Júnior ◽  
Renato Adriane Alves Ruas ◽  
Marcelo Rodrigues dos Reis ◽  
Alberto Carvalho Filho ◽  
Vinícius Ribeiro Faria
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Wind Tunnel ◽  
Plant Root ◽  
Spray Drift ◽  
Action Mechanism ◽  
Tomato Crop ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Hormonal Effect ◽  
Median Diameter ◽  
Herbicide Drift

ABSTRACT The drift of hormonal effect herbicides is a major problem for agriculture, because, even in small amounts, it may cause high losses in crops with plants that are sensitive to their action mechanism. This study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of hydraulic spray nozzles with air induction, as well as the use of the LI-700 adjuvant, in the reduction of the 2,4-D herbicide drift, in tomato crop. A complete randomized split-plot experimental design, with eight replications, was used. Two herbicide solutions were assigned in the plots (with or without the use of adjuvant) [2,4-D (670 g ha-1) and 2,4-D (670 g ha-1) + LI-700 (712.88 g ha-1)], and, in the subplots, five nozzle models [simple fan (JSF11003), simple fan with air induction (AD-IA11003), dual fan with air induction (AD-IA/D11003), simple hammer fan with air induction (TTI11003-VP) and empty cone with air induction (CV-IA10003). The treatments were applied in a wind tunnel, under a pressure of 300 kPa. In a laser analyzer, applying only water, the volumetric median diameter, the relative amplitude and the percentage of drops with diameter lower than 150 µm were measured for all nozzle models. The CV-IA10003 and TTI11003-VP hydraulic nozzles outstand by reducing the 2,4-D herbicide drift and decreasing the damage to tomato plants. The addition of the LI-700 adjuvant to the 2,4-D syrup, independently of the nozzle model, reduces the drift of this herbicide and its effects on the tomato plant root. However, even when adopting these technologies, the application of the 2,4-D herbicide near the tomato crop should be avoided.

scholarly journals Insecticide spray drift reduction with different adjuvants and spray nozzles

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 282-287
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Y. P. Marubayashi ◽  
Rone B. de Oliveira ◽  
Marcelo da C. Ferreira ◽  
Samuel Roggia ◽  
Eder D. de Moraes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wind Tunnel ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
The Other ◽  
Spray Drift ◽  
Droplet Volume ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Lambda Cyhalothrin ◽  
Median Diameter ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Insecticide Spray

ABSTRACT Insecticide spray drift can lead to reduced control efficiency and loss of product to the environment. Thus, we conducted a study to evaluate the effect of different spray nozzles and the addition of adjuvants in insecticide spray on the resulting droplet spectrum and wind tunnel drift. All experiments were conducted in a completely randomized design with four repetitions using a 5 × 3 factorial scheme. Five spraying solutions were studied; one contained only water and the other four comprised thiamethoxam + lambda-cyhalothrin (no adjuvant, Oro-solve, Wetcit Gold, and Orobor N1), in combination with three spray nozzles (AXI, JFC, and J3D). The droplet spectrum was evaluated through the volumetric median diameter, relative amplitude, and percentage of the droplet volume with diameter ≤ 100 µm. The drifts were evaluated in a wind tunnel at 5, 10, and 15 m. Data were subjected to analysis of variance and means were compared using the Tukey’s test. In addition, a principal component analysis was performed. Application of the insecticide with the adjuvants combined with the different nozzles changed the droplet spectrum and the risk of drift. The AXI nozzle and the J3D associated with the Oro-solve and Wetcit Gold adjuvants resulted in a greater volumetric median diameter of the droplets and drifts were observed at 5 m.

scholarly journals Effect of insecticide formulation and adjuvant combination on agricultural spray drift

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e7136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Collin J. Preftakes ◽  
Jerome J. Schleier ◽  
Greg R. Kruger ◽  
David K. Weaver ◽  
Robert K.D. Peterson
Keyword(s):  
Wind Tunnel ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Spray Drift ◽  
Indirect Methods ◽  
Product Formulation ◽  
Spray Solution ◽  
Droplet Sizes ◽  
Wind Tunnel Data ◽  
Field Experimentation ◽  
Strong Agreement

Loss of crop protection products when agricultural spray applications drift has economic and ecological consequences. Modification of the spray solution through tank additives and product formulation is an important drift reduction strategy that could mitigate these effects, but has been studied less than most other strategies. Therefore, an experimental field study was conducted to evaluate spray drift resulting from agricultural ground applications of an insecticide formulated as a suspension concentrate (SC) and as a wettable powder (WP), with and without two adjuvants. Droplet sizes were also measured in a wind tunnel to determine if indirect methods could be substituted for field experimentation to quantify spray drift from these technologies. Results suggest that spray drift was reduced by 37% when comparing the SC to the WP formulation. As much as 63% drift reduction was achieved by incorporating certain spray adjuvants, but this depended on the formulation/adjuvant combination. The wind tunnel data for droplet spectra showed strong agreement with field deposition trends, suggesting that droplet statistics could be used to estimate drift reduction of spray solutions. These findings can be used to develop a classification scheme for formulated products and tank additives based on their potential for reducing spray drift.

Effect of Nozzle Angleson Spray Losses Reduction

2014 ◽  
Vol 564 ◽  
pp. 216-221
Author(s):  
Nasir S. Hassen ◽  
Nor Azwadi Che Sidik ◽  
Jamaluddin Md Sheriff
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Wind Tunnel ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
The Other ◽  
Spray Drift ◽  
Spray Application ◽  
Application Process ◽  
Nozzle Height ◽  
Wind Speeds ◽  
Flat Fan Nozzle

Spray losses are the most important problem that is faced in the spray application process as result of spray drift to non target areas by the action of air flow.This paper investigated the spray drift for banding applicationusing even flat-fan nozzle TPEunder wind tunnel conditions.In addition, this paper also examined the effect of different spray fan angles 65°, 80° and 95° on spray drift particularly where there is need to make the nozzle operate at the optimum heights above the ground or plant level.In addition, three cross wind speeds 1, 2 and 3m/swere produced to determine the effect of wind speed on total spray drift.According to the results from this study, the nozzle anglehas a significant effect on the total spray drift. The nozzle angle 65° gave the highest drift reduction compared to the other nozzle angles. The maximum driftfor all nozzles was found at nozzle height of 60 cm. The minimum mean value of the drift was found at wind speed of 1 m/s. This study supports the use of nozzle angles of less than 95° on heights more than 0.5m and on wind speeds more than 1m/s as a means for minimizing spray drift.

scholarly journals Colorado Potato Beetle Control with Transplant Drench Treatments of Admire to Bedding Trays of Tomatoes, 1996

1997 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 177-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Galen P. Dively ◽  
James J. Linduska ◽  
Marylee Ross ◽  
Donna Baumann ◽  
Carol Cain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Colorado Potato Beetle ◽  
Treatment Combination ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Plot Size ◽  
Potato Beetle ◽  
Early Larvae

Abstract The experimental design was a RCB design with four replications and 8 treatments. Drenching doses were 0 (two controls per block), 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0 and 8.0 ounces of Admire 2F per acre equivalence of bedding trays. The diluted drench was applied to individual cells of bedding trays using a pipetted volume of one ml per plant. In addition, a drench treatment of 16 fluid oz of Admire was applied in the transplant water. Plot size for each treatment combination was one row 20 feet long (20 tomato plants) with rows spaced 64 inches apart. Plots were planted 14 May. After transplanting, weekly counts were made of egg clusters, early larvae (first/second instars), late larvae (third/fourth instars), live adults, and dead adults on the ground. Percent defoliation was recorded per plant at two times. Plots were harvested and graded on 8 Aug.

Herbicide Formulation, Spray Nozzle Design, and Operating Pressure Affects the Droplet Size Spectra of Agricultural Sprays

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua A. McGinty ◽  
Gaylon D. Morgan ◽  
Peter A. Dotray ◽  
Paul A. Baumann
Keyword(s):  
Wind Tunnel ◽  
Droplet Size ◽  
The United States ◽  
Spray Drift ◽  
Operating Pressure ◽  
Spray Nozzle ◽  
Spray Droplet ◽  
Size Spectra ◽  
Drift Potential ◽  
Spray Droplets

Aims: Determine the droplet size spectra of agricultural sprays as affected by herbicide formulations, spray nozzle designs, and operating pressures. Place and Duration of Study: This study was conducted in April 2014 at the United States Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service Aerial Application Technology Research Unit Facility in College Station, Texas. Methodology: The spray droplet size spectra of six herbicide formulations as well as water alone and water with nonionic surfactant were evaluated in a low-speed wind tunnel. These spray solutions were conducted with five different flat-fan spray nozzle designs, producing a wide range of spray droplet sizes. The wind tunnel was equipped with a laser diffraction sensor to analyze spray droplet size. All combinations of spray solution and nozzle were operated at 207 and 414 kPa and replicated three times. Results: Many differences in droplet size spectra were detected among the spray solutions, nozzle designs, and pressures tested. Solutions of Liberty 280 SL exhibited the smallest median droplet size and the greatest proportion of spray volume contained in droplets 100 µm or less in size.  Solutions of Enlist Duo resulted in smaller median droplet size than many of the solutions tested, but also exhibited some of the smallest production of fine spray droplets. Median droplet size was found to vary greatly among nozzle designs, with the greatest droplet size and smallest drift-prone fine droplet production observed with air-inclusion designs utilizing a pre-orifice. Increasing the operating pressure from 207 to 414 kPa resulted in a decrease in median droplet size and an increase in the production of droplets 100 µm or less in size. Conclusion: Herbicide formulations and spray nozzle designs tested varied widely in droplet size spectra and thus the potential for spray drift. Increasing operating pressure resulted in decreased droplet size and an increase in the production of drift-prone droplets. Additionally, median droplet size alone should not be used to compare spray drift potential among spray solutions but should include relative span and V100 values to better predict the potential for spray drift due to drift-prone spray droplets.

Comparison of collectors of airborne spray drift. Experiments in a wind tunnel and field measurements

2011 ◽  
Vol 67 (6) ◽  
pp. 725-733 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tommy Arvidsson ◽  
Lars Bergström ◽  
Jenny Kreuger
Keyword(s):  
Wind Tunnel ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Spray Drift

scholarly journals Effect of working pressure at different spray nozzles on drift quantification in wind tunnel

2014 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco A. Gandolfo ◽  
Fernando K. Carvalho ◽  
Rodolfo G. Chechetto ◽  
Ulisses D. Gandolfo ◽  
Eder D. de Moraes
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Wind Tunnel ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Spray Drift ◽  
Application Technology ◽  
Working Pressure ◽  
Spray Solution ◽  
Tunnel Floor

Each year, there is an increase in pesticide consumption and in its importance of use in the large-scale agricultural production, being fundamental the knowledge of application technology to the activity success. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the influence of working pressure on the drift generated by different spray nozzles, assessed in wind tunnel. The treatments were composed of two spray nozzles AXI 110015 and AXI 11002 with pressure levels of 276 and 414 kPa. The spray solution was composed by water and NaCl at 10%. The applications were conducted at wind speed of 2.0 m s-1, being the drift collected at 5.0; 10.0 and 15.0 m away from the spray boom and at heights of 0.2; 0.4; 0.6; 0.8 e 1.0 m from the tunnel floor. To both spray nozzles, the greatest drift was collected at the smallest distance to the spray-boom and at the lowest height. The AXI 11002 nozzle gave a smaller drift relative to the AXI 110015 nozzle for the two tested pressures and for all the collection points. Regardless of the nozzle, a rise in the working pressure increases the spray drift percentage at all distances in the wind tunnel.

scholarly journals Minitomato cultivation with substrate under different fertigation management strategies

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-93
Author(s):  
Ricardo S Bezerra ◽  
Adão Wagner P Evangelista ◽  
José Alves Júnior ◽  
Abadia R Nascimento ◽  
Derblai Casaroli
Keyword(s):  
Irrigation System ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Tomato Crop ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Solids Content ◽  
High Level

ABSTRACT The application of high level of fertilization and inadequate management of fertigation in tomato crop can promote increase of salinity of the solution, nutritional imbalance and physiological disorders in the plants, consequently reduces the productivity and the quality of the fruits. The aim of this study was to evaluate different fertigation strategies in growth and production of mini tomato plants cultivated with substrate in a greenhouse. The experimental design was in randomized complete blocks with four treatments and twenty replicates. The treatments corresponded to four fertigation strategies, as follows: T1 [(control) fertigation with leaching of 20%]; T2 fertigation throughout the day and irrigation at the end of the day with leaching of 20%; T3 irrigation with leaching of 20%, followed by fertigation in all activations of the irrigation system; T4 fertigation with leaching of 20% and reuse of the leached solution. Stem height and diameter, number of clusters, total and commercial fruit production, fruit size, fruit color, total titratable acidity, soluble solids content and fruit texture were evaluated. No significant differences were detected among the treatments in relation to the growth variables of the mini tomato plants. The strategies of fertigation tested do not influence significantly the growth of tomato plants. The T1 and T4 managements provide higher commercial production and fruits with higher content of soluble solids when compared with other management strategies evaluated. Considering the nutritional factor, we recommend to reuse the nutrient solution used in the tomato cultivation with substrate, correcting daily the electrical conductivity of the solution.

scholarly journals Spray volume distribution pattern and droplet size spectrum from ceramic nozzles

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
pp. 804-809
Author(s):  
Mateus P. Massola ◽  
Vandoir Holtz ◽  
Marcos P. de O. Martins ◽  
Anderson da S. Umbelino ◽  
Elton F. dos Reis
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Distribution Pattern ◽  
Droplet Size ◽  
Size Spectrum ◽  
Target Coverage ◽  
Volume Distribution ◽  
Working Pressure ◽  
Median Diameter ◽  
Spray Volume ◽  
Test Table

ABSTRACT Droplet size spectrum and uniformity of spray volume distribution are important parameters for selecting spray nozzles. The objective of this study was to evaluate the average spray volume distribution and droplet size spectrum from ceramic nozzles. The spray volume distribution pattern was evaluated on a test table for hydraulic spray nozzles using spray heights of 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, and 0.8 m, and working pressures of 500, 600, and 700 kPa. Computer simulations were used to analyze the spray volume distribution using arrangements of bar heights, working pressures, and spacing between spray nozzles in a bar of 12 m. The droplet size spectrum from the spray nozzles was evaluated using a randomized complete experimental design in a 2 × 3 split-plot arrangement consisting of two types of nozzles (ATR-1.0, and TVI-800075) and three working pressures (500, 600, and 700 kPa), with four replications. The uniformity of spray volume distribution was improved when using ATR-1.0 spray nozzles spaced 0.4 or 0.6 m apart, regardless of the working pressure. Regarding the droplet size spectrum, the volume median diameter decreased with increasing the working pressure for both types of nozzles, reaching 210 μm (ATR-1.0) and 483 μm (TVI-800075). Contrastingly, the percentage of droplets with diameter smaller than 100 μm increased with increasing working pressure; the target coverage presented the same trend, with 8.4% of coverage when using ATR nozzles with working pressure of 700 kPa.

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