scholarly journals Fair trade in Brazil: current status, constraints and opportunities

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (83) ◽  
pp. 655-673 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marilia Bonzanini Bossle ◽  
Daiane Mülling Neutzling ◽  
Douglas Wegner ◽  
Claudia Cristina Bitencourt
Keyword(s):  
Fair Trade ◽  
Social Role ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Public Agencies ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Financial Difficulties ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Brazil Current ◽  
Fair Trade Organizations

Abstract Fair trade has expanded worldwide as a formal certification, while in developing countries like Brazil, there is still a lack of information about this concept in a context of the growth of social businesses. To answer the research question “How is fair trade currently organized in Brazil and what are the constrains and opportunities involved?”, we analyzed a database of 277 Brazilian organizations linked to fair trade, followed by in-depth interviews with Brazilian experts. Results show that fair trade has grown between 2005 and 2012 due to the support of institutions and public agencies, even if organizations still face financial difficulties. As it has grown as a public policy, its development has strengthened the concept and the groups involved, providing a good perspective for the internal market. Fair trade has a social role and a political nature, what might attract the attention of policy makers regarding social programs and the support of fair trade organizations.

scholarly journals The Distribution Strategy Of A Representative Fair Trade Organization In Korea: The Case Of Beautiful Coffee

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-86
Author(s):  
Hye-Jeong Cho ◽  
Kyung-hee Kim ◽  
Sung-Min Ryu ◽  
Chul Woo Moon
Keyword(s):  
Fair Trade ◽  
Public Interest ◽  
Social Enterprise ◽  
Role Model ◽  
Sustainable Growth ◽  
Distribution Strategy ◽  
Financial Difficulties ◽  
Fair Trade Organizations ◽  
Practical Implications

This case study analyzes the distribution strategy of Beautiful Coffee, a leading fair trade organization in Korea. Because of their focus on matters of public interest, fair trade organizations often face financial difficulties, and such difficulties can limit their growth and force them to pursue differentiated distribution strategies. The results indicate that Beautiful Coffee can serve as a good role model for fair trade organizations and have important practical implications for firms pursuing sustainable growth as a social enterprise.

scholarly journals REVIEW OF DESIGN HEURISTICS AND DESIGN PRINCIPLES IN DESIGN FOR ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 2571-2580
Author(s):  
Filip Valjak ◽  
Angelica Lindwall
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Design Process ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Design Principles ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Design For Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Design Heuristics ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Support Methods

AbstractThe advent of additive manufacturing (AM) in recent years have had a significant impact on the design process. Because of new manufacturing technology, a new area of research emerged – Design for Additive Manufacturing (DfAM) with newly developed design support methods and tools. This paper looks into the current status of the field regarding the conceptual design of AM products, with the focus on how literature sources treat design heuristics and design principles in the context of DfAM. To answer the research question, a systematic literature review was conducted. The results are analysed, compared and discussed on three main points: the definition of the design heuristics and the design principles, level of support they provide, as well as where and how they are used inside the design process. The paper highlights the similarities and differences between design heuristics and design principles in the context of DfAM.

scholarly journals Value of PET imaging for radiation therapy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Constantin Lapa ◽  
Ursula Nestle ◽  
Nathalie L. Albert ◽  
Christian Baues ◽  
Ambros Beer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Treatment ◽  
Imaging Modality ◽  
Tumour Response ◽  
Emission Tomography ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Response Monitoring ◽  
Radiation Treatment Planning ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
Positron Emission

AbstractThis comprehensive review written by experts in their field gives an overview on the current status of incorporating positron emission tomography (PET) into radiation treatment planning. Moreover, it highlights ongoing studies for treatment individualisation and per-treatment tumour response monitoring for various primary tumours. Novel tracers and image analysis methods are discussed. The authors believe this contribution to be of crucial value for experts in the field as well as for policy makers deciding on the reimbursement of this powerful imaging modality.

Geoconservation strategies framework in Brazil: Current status from the analysis of representative case studies

2022 ◽  
Vol 128 ◽  
pp. 194-207
Author(s):  
Maria da Glória Garcia ◽  
Marcos Antônio Leite do Nascimento ◽  
Kátia Leite Mansur ◽  
Ricardo Galeno Fraga de Araújo Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Representative Case ◽  
Brazil Current ◽  
Geoconservation Strategies

Democracy Now? Race, Education, and Black Self-Determination

2011 ◽  
Vol 113 (4) ◽  
pp. 811-830
Author(s):  
Adrienne D. Dixson
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
Educational Equity ◽  
School Administrators ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Supreme Court Decision ◽  
The United States ◽  
Community Schools ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
School Assignment

Background/Context The Supreme Court's June 2007 decision on the Parents Involved in Community Schools v. Seattle School District No.1 (PICS) provides an important context for school districts and educational policy makers as they consider the role of race in school assignment. The PICS decision has been described as essentially “undoing” the 1954 Supreme Court decision in the Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka case that ended de jure racial segregation. Purpose/Objective/Research Question/Focus of Study Given the rhetoric that education in the United States is the “great equalizer,” this conceptual article considers how the PICS decisions impact notions of educational equity and self-determination for African Americans. Research Design This article provides a conceptual analysis of the PICS decision and educational equity. Conclusions/Recommendations The author recommends that despite the PICS decision, school administrators and policy makers continue to consider how race impacts school assignment to ensure that public schools are democratic institutions that are racially and educationally equitable.

Providing Data for Educational Policy in an International Context: The Third International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS)

1997 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Albert E. Beaton ◽  
Michael O. Martin ◽  
Ina V.S. Mullis
Keyword(s):  
International Perspective ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Informational Needs ◽  
Science Study ◽  
Educational Decisions ◽  
Comparative Performance ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
International Context ◽  
The Third ◽  
Mathematics And Science

Policy-makers in many nations of the world are involved in educational reforms. In order to make effective educational decisions for the 21st century, policy-makers need information of a wide variety of kinds, for example, comparative performance data and curriculum information from other nations. National assessments can be valuable, but international surveys provide a broader base of information and allow countries to view their current status and planning within an international perspective. The purpose of this paper is to describe the goals of the Third International Mathematics and Science Study and the steps being followed to insure that the results from the study will meet the diverse informational needs of policy-makers.

scholarly journals Placing the distant other on the shelf: An analysis and comparison of (fair trade) coffee packages in relation to commodity fetishism

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-40
Author(s):  
Robbe Geysmans ◽  
Lesley Hustinx
Keyword(s):  
Fair Trade ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Direct Consequence ◽  
Commodity Fetishism ◽  
Textual Information ◽  
Fair Trade Coffee ◽  
Marketing Materials ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Fair Trade Organizations ◽  
Ground Coffee

Fair trade has been praised for ‘de-fetishizing’ commodities by providing consumers with information on the production of the commodity. Various empirical studies of fair trade marketing materials have generated critique of this vision. However, these focused on materials produced by engaged fair trade organizations. As the fair trade concept has entered the mainstream, fair trade products have found their way into supermarkets. In this setting, these products are confronted with competition, both internal (with other fair trade products) and external (with non-fair trade products). In this article, we argue for a broader focus when studying the relationship between fair trade and defetishization. Our argument is based on a study of whether and how defetishization is advanced on packages of ground coffee within the retail landscape of Flanders, Belgium. Several categories of packages can be distinguished, based on brand (e.g., fair trade advocate, regular brand, retailer house brand) and label (e.g. fair trade label; other social label; no label, but origin is emphasized in the product name). We demonstrate the difficulty of distinguishing these packages based on the visual and textual information they carry (beyond the label), which complicates the identification of any clearly distinct ‘fair trade message’ on these packages. Instead of serving a clear ‘defetishizing’ function, these messages are mixed, interchanged, and adapted. We argue that this could be a direct consequence of perceived or actual changes in the consumer publics inherent to the mainstreaming of fair trade.

scholarly journals AN EVALUATION OF A GOVERNMENT PERFORMANCE ACCOUNTABILITY SYSTEM INDONESIAN DISTRICT GOVERNMENTS 2010

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-100
Author(s):  
Toni Triyulianto
Keyword(s):  
Research Question ◽  
Government Performance ◽  
Logical Thinking ◽  
Poverty Level ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Government Employee ◽  
Accountability System ◽  
Performance Accountability ◽  
Score Result ◽  
Score Evaluation

The goal of this paper is to provide better information of Government Performance Accountability System (SAKIP) implementation in Indonesian District Governments to policy makers. This study utilizes the evaluation result of Government Performance Accountability System (SAKIP) 2010 to analyze the effort of 273 District governments in Indonesia in implementing the SAKIP.The research question of this paper is:  do auditor’s opinion and number of population have significant different to the SAKIP score?  To investigate what factors that determine the score of Government Performance Accountability System (SAKIP), several theories as well as a logical thinking were taken to figure out the research question.  Those theories as well as logical thinking reveal that revenue and spending, seize of population, area, poverty level, human development index, auditor’s opinion, number of government employee and education level government employee tend to correlate the SAKIP score.Two hypotheses have been chosen in this paper: 1) higher level in Auditor’s Opinion more likely will increase the SAKIP score evaluation, and 2) size of Population has significant different to the SAKIP score.  Result shows we have to reject all the null hypotheses.

scholarly journals Implementasi Prinsip Fair Trade oleh The Body Shop sebagai Upaya Peningkatan Kesejahteraan Masyarakat Rwanda

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 32-46
Author(s):  
Kathleen Mintarja ◽  
Priscilia Christian Kadim ◽  
Stella Claresta Alexander
Keyword(s):  
Multinational Corporations ◽  
Fair Trade ◽  
Financial Stability ◽  
Research Question ◽  
The Body ◽  
Living Standard ◽  
Trade Theory ◽  
Body Shop ◽  
The Body Shop

The second half of the twentieth century witnessed unprecedented growth in the number of international actors. There has been a dramatic increase in the number of non-state actors that, on many occasions, helped solve problems and improve lives. This makes the responsibility of people’s welfare no longer only held by the government. One of the most prominent examples is the role of Body Shop on improving the living standard of Rwandan. Twenty four years after the genocide that killed almost 800,000 people, the country of Rwanda is rebuilding with the support of international communities, including multinational corporations. The Body Shop’s Community Trade commitment has been a key part of bringing local producers into international supply chains and empowering them. Therefore, the research question in this paper is “How is the role of The Body Shop on implementing fair trade principles towards the Rwandan society?” To answer the research question, the authors use several theories and concepts; such as pluralism, multinational companies, and fair trade theory. In addition, the research method to be used by the authors is a qualitative study method. This research found that The Body Shop has launched a Moringa Community Trade program as an embodiment of efforts to improve the welfare of Rwandan people after the genocide occurred. This community trade initiative aims to be one small step forward to achieve financial stability for the people currently living and working in Rwanda.

scholarly journals Next Generation European Research Vessels: Current Status and Foreseeable Evolution

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Per Nieuwejaar ◽  
Valerie Mazauric ◽  
Christian Betzler ◽  
Mafalda Carapuco ◽  
Andre Cattrijsse ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Position Paper ◽  
Research Vessel ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Marine Science ◽  
European Research ◽  
Human Capabilities ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The Future ◽  
Science Community ◽  
High Level

This position paper provides a review of the current European research vessel fleet, its capabilities and equipment, assessing its ability to support marine science across the globe now and into the future. It particularly looks at current and future capabilities in the context of deep sea and Polar research. It also takes a wider vision, assessing the importance of these vessels in the ocean and earth observing landscape. This review includes not only technological but also human capabilities, looking at training needs for crew and technicians to ensure they can continue to deliver on critical science needs. It also considers the ways in which the current European fleet is managed.This Position Paper sets out recommendations for how the fleet will need to develop in the future to ensure that it will continue to provide the same high level of support to science globally, as well as highlighting ways in which management could be made more efficient. It is aimed at national- and European-level policy makers and funders, as well as the marine science community and the research vessel operator community.

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