scholarly journals Youth homicide: a study of homicide predictor factors in adolescent offenders in custody in the south of Brazil

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 292-296
Author(s):  
Manuela Teixeira Schorr ◽  
Renata Ramos Reichelt ◽  
Lucas Primo de Carvalho Alves ◽  
Bibiana de Borba Telles ◽  
Luana Strapazzon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Juvenile Offenders ◽  
Skin Color ◽  
Criminal Organization ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Adolescent Offenders ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
White Skin ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
South Of Brazil ◽  
Criminal Profile

Abstract Objectives To assess the sociodemographic, psychiatric and criminal profile of adolescent offenders complying with temporary custody for homicide/homicide attempt and to compare it to that of the population of adolescents in custody for other crimes. Methods This cross-sectional study was based on the review of the medical records of 74 juvenile offenders in temporary custody at socioeducational agency Fundação de Atendimento Sócio-Educativo do Rio Grande do Sul. For the analysis, variables that presented p < 0.2 were included in multivariate adjustment through logistic regression. Results The sample comprised males only, mostly with white skin color (55.6 vs. 57.9% for homicidal and non-homicidal, respectively) and with a high prevalence of school failure (77.8 vs. 91.2%). There was a high prevalence of family history of delinquency (88 vs. 81%). Only years of study and belonging or not to a criminal organization remained statistically significant in the multivariate model. Conclusion The results show that having fewer years of study and denying belonging to a criminal organization are predictive factors of homicidal behavior in adolescent offenders (both with statistical relevance). The other variables were not statistically significant for this outcome. The present study may serve as a basis for further research, which may improve our understanding of risk factors for juvenile homicide.

scholarly journals Cross-sectional study reveals a high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among healthy school children in central Kerala, India

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 867
Author(s):  
Ayyappan Anitha ◽  
Suresh A. Poovathinal ◽  
Vijitha Viswambharan ◽  
Ismail Thanseem ◽  
Mahesh M. Vasu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
School Children ◽  
Skin Color ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Vitamin D Status ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Vitamin D Levels ◽  
High Prevalence

Background: Authors examined serum vitamin D status among the healthy school children belonging to the south Indian state of Kerala.Methods: A cross-sectional study, participants were recruited through medical camps organized in Thrissur and Palakkad districts of central Kerala during the months of March and April 2017. A 174 healthy school children (98 males and 76 females) aged 5-13 years were recruited for the study. The children were found to be healthy on the basis of physical examination by a Paediatrician. None of the children had any symptoms of skeletal deformities. All the children were drug-naive. Data on height, weight, skin color, food habits, physical activities and socio-economic status were recorded. A 2ml of peripheral blood samples were collected from the participants. Total vitamin D in the serum was estimated by chemiluminescence immunoassay (CLIA).Results: VDD was observed in 60.92% and insufficiency in 30.46% of the participants. Only 8.62% of the participants had normal vitamin D levels. The mean vitamin D level was 19.93 ng/ml. Males had significantly higher vitamin D levels compared to females. Factors such as age, height, weight, diet, skin color and socio-economic status did not influence vitamin D levels.Conclusions: This is the first study of vitamin D status among the school-age children of Kerala. This paper adds further evidence to the reports indicating high prevalence of subclinical VDD among children across India and calls for action.

Epidemiology of Leisure, Transportation, Occupational, and Household Physical Activity: Prevalence and Associated Factors

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 625-632 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex Antonio Florindo ◽  
Vanessa Valente Guimarães ◽  
Chester Luiz Galvão Cesar ◽  
Marilisa Berti de Azevedo Barros ◽  
Maria Cecília Goi Porto Alves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
High Education ◽  
Skin Color ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Poor Health ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
White Skin ◽  
High Education Level ◽  
Female Sex

Background:To estimate the prevalence of and identify factors associated with physical activity in leisure, transportation, occupational, and household settings.Methods:This was a cross-sectional study aimed at investigating living and health conditions among the population of São Paulo, Brazil. Data on 1318 adults aged 18 to 65 years were used. To assess physical activity, the long version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire was applied. Multivariate analysis was conducted using a hierarchical model.Results:The greatest prevalence of insufficient activity related to transportation (91.7%), followed by leisure (77.5%), occupational (68.9%), and household settings (56.7%). The variables associated with insufficient levels of physical activity in leisure were female sex, older age, low education level, nonwhite skin color, smoking, and self-reported poor health; in occupational settings were female sex, white skin color, high education level, self-reported poor health, nonsmoking, and obesity; in transportation settings were female sex; and in household settings, with male sex, separated, or widowed status and high education level.Conclusion:Physical activity in transportation and leisure settings should be encouraged. This study will serve as a reference point in monitoring different types of physical activities and implementing public physical activity policies in developing countries.

scholarly journals Syphilis in during pregnancy: association of maternal and perinatal characteristics in a region of southern Brazil

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Camila Padovani ◽  
Rosana Rosseto de Oliveira ◽  
Sandra Marisa Pelloso
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
Skin Color ◽  
Congenital Syphilis ◽  
Perinatal Outcomes ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
World Health ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
White Skin ◽  
Characteristics Method

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the prevalence of syphilis in during pregnancy and its association with socioeconomic characteristics, reproductive history, prenatal and labor care, and newborn characteristics. Method: A retrospective, cross-sectional study based on gestational and congenital syphilis reports. A (records) linkage was performed in the Brazilian databases: “Information System for Notifiable Diseases” (Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação - SINAN); “Live Births Information System” (Sistema de Informação sobre Nascidos Vivos - SINASC); and “Mortality Information System” (Sistema de Informação sobre Mortalidade - SIM). Results: The prevalence of gestational syphilis was 0.57%. The following associations of syphilis in pregnancy were found: non-white skin color/ethnicity (PR=4.6, CI=3.62-5.76); low educational level (PR=15.4; CI=12.60-18.86); and absence of prenatal care (PR=7.4, CI=3.68-14.9). The perinatal outcomes associated with gestational syphilis were prematurity (PR=1.6 CI=1.17-2.21) and low birth weight (PR=1.6; CI=1.14-2.28). Two deaths from congenital syphilis, one death from another cause and five stillbirths were reported. Conclusion: The results signify a long way until reaching the World Health Organization’s goal of eradicating congenital syphilis.

scholarly journals Systemic Arterial Hypertension in the Emergency Service: medication adherence and understanding of this disease

2015 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 1149-1156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cássia Regina Vancini-Campanharo ◽  
Gabriella Novelli Oliveira ◽  
Thaisa Fernanda Landim Andrade ◽  
Meiry Fernanda Pinto Okuno ◽  
Maria Carolina Barbosa Teixeira Lopes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skin Color ◽  
Emergency Service ◽  
Patient Adherence ◽  
Disease Patient ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Adherence To Treatment ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
White Skin ◽  
Epidemiological Profile

Objective: to identify the epidemiological profile of hypertension patients, how much they understand about the disease and the rate of adherence to treatment by these patients who had been hospitalized in the Brazilian emergency service. Methods: this cross-sectional study was performed with 116 patients, both male and female and aged over 18 years, who had been hospitalized in the Emergency Service of a University Hospital between March and June, 2013. The studied variables were data referring to socio-demographics, comorbidities, physical activity and knowledge regarding the disease. Patient adherence to treatment and the identification of the barriers were respectively evaluated using the Morisky test and the Brief Medication Questionnaire. Results: most of the patients involved in this study were women (55%), with white skin color (55%), married (51%), retirees or pensioners (64%) and with a low educational level (58%). Adherence to treatment, in most cases (55%), was moderate and the most prevalent adherence barrier was recall (67%). When medication was acquired at no cost to the patient, there was greater adherence to treatment. Conclusion: this study's patients had a moderate understanding about the disease. The high correlation between the number of drugs used and the recall barrier suggests that monotherapy is an option that can facilitate treatment adherence and reduce how often the patients forget to take their medication.

scholarly journals Fatores associados às alterações em mamografias [Factors associated with changes in mammograms] [Factores asociados a las alteraciones en las mamografías]

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. e31640
Author(s):  
Neide Derenzo ◽  
Elen Ferraz Teston ◽  
Willian Augusto de Melo ◽  
Maria Antonia Ramos Costa ◽  
Marcelo Picinin Bernuci
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Examination ◽  
Skin Color ◽  
Family Health ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
White Skin ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Self Examination

Objetivo: analisar os fatores associados com alterações em mamografias. Método: estudo transversal realizado com 145 mulheres atendidas pela estratégia saúde da família, em um município da região noroeste do Paraná/Brasil. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevista semiestruturada, no período de agosto de 2014 a outubro de 2015. Os dados foram analisados por meio dos Testes qui-quadrado de Pearson e Exato de Fisher. O projeto foi aprovado por Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa. Todos os aspectos éticos foram respeitados. Resultados: a idade média das mulheres atingiu 52,5 anos, as brancas (OR=0,17), nulíparas (OR=4,53), com alterações no autoexame (OR=12,72), exame clínico (OR=35,75) e com histórico de problemas anteriores (OR=9,45) apresentaram maior chance de alterações na mamografia. Conclusão: os fatores associados a alteração na mamografia foram a cor branca, a nuliparidade, a identificação de alterações durante o autoexame e no exame clinico e a existência de problema mamário anterior.ABSTRACTObjective: to examine factors associated with changes in mammograms. Method: in this cross-sectional study of 145 women receiving care under the family health strategy in a municipality in northwestern Paraná, Brazil, data were collected by semi-structured interviews between August 2014 and October 2015 and analyzed using Pearson’s Chi-square test and Fisher’s exact test. The project was approved by the research ethics committee. Results: the women were of mean age 52.5 years. Those who were white (OR = 0.17), nulliparous (OR = 4.53), with alterations at self-examination (OR = 12.72), clinical examination (OR= 35.75) and a history of previous problems (OR = 9.45) presented a greater likelihood of changes in mammography. Conclusion: the factors associated with altered mammography were white skin color, nulliparity, alterations during self-examination and clinical examination, and a previous breast problem.RESUMENObjetivo: : analizar los factores asociados con las alteraciones en las mamografías. Método: estudio transversal realizado junto a 145 mujeres atendidas por la estrategia salud de la familia, en una ciudad del noroeste de Paraná/Brasil. Se recolectaron los datos por medio de una entrevista semiestructurada, en el período de agosto de 2014 a octubre de 2015. Se analizaron esos datos por las pruebas chi-cuadrado de Pearson y Exacto de Fisher. El proyecto fue aprobado por el Comité de Ética en Investigación. Se respetaron todos los aspectos éticos. Resultados: el promedio de edad de las mujeres fue de 52,5 años, las blancas (OR = 0,17), nulíparas (OR = 4,53), con alteraciones en el autoexamen (OR = 12,72), examen clínico (OR = 35,75) y con historia de problemas anteriores (OR = 9,45) presentaron mayor probabilidad de alteraciones en la mamografía. Conclusión: los factores asociados a alteración en la mamografía fueron el color blanco, la nuliparidad, la identificación de alteraciones durante el autoexamen y en el examen clínico y la existencia de problema mamario anterior.

Ingestion of magnesium was not associated with coronary calcium score in a cross-sectional study

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Jéssica Levy ◽  
Andreia Alexandra Machado Miranda ◽  
Eduardo De Carli ◽  
Marcio Sommer Bittencourt ◽  
Isabela Judith Benseñor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Skin Color ◽  
Linear Trend ◽  
Smoking Habit ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
White Skin ◽  
Magnesium Intake

Abstract. Background and aims: Magnesium plays a key role in glucose metabolism, vascular tone, and inflammation. Therefore, it might be a dietary risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. In vitro and animal studies have suggested a decrease in vascular calcification with an increase in the magnesium intake. The objective of the present study was to investigate the association between magnesium intake and coronary artery calcium (CAC) score among participants of the ELSA-Brasil. Methods: This is an observational, cross-sectional study undertaken with a sub-sample from the ELSA-Brasil baseline data. In this sub-sample, only participants with CAC examination data were included (n = 4,306). Dietary intake was assessed by a validated food frequency questionnaire. The association between magnesium intake and presence of CAC (0 versus > 0) was investigated using multiple logistic regression models. Results: The participants were predominantly female (54.4 %), with self-reported white skin color (59.1 %), no smoking habit (53.7 %) and undergraduate or postgraduate education (44.4 %). The range of magnesium consumption was 37.24 – 1266.31 mg/day. CAC prevalence was 28.4 %. No significant association was found between magnesium intake and CAC after adjustments for diet, lifestyle, and clinical characteristics. In a first univariate model, the fifth quintile of magnesium intake, in comparison to the first quintile (lowest intake), resulted in an OR = 1.25, 95 % CI: 1.01 – 1.54 ( P-linear trend = 0.005). However, in the last fully adjusted model, the fifth quintile of magnesium intake resulted in OR = 0.86, 95 % CI: 0.64 – 1.17 ( P-linear trend = 0.239). Conclusions: In ELSA-Brasil, the intake of magnesium was not associated with the presence of coronary artery calcification.

scholarly journals Musculoskeletal pain in undergraduate health students: prevalence and associated factors

2019 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruna Xavier Morais ◽  
Graziele de Lima Dalmolin ◽  
Rafaela Andolhe ◽  
Angela Isabel dos Santos Dullius ◽  
Laurelize Pereira Rocha
Keyword(s):  
Musculoskeletal Pain ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mobile Phone Use ◽  
Brazilian Version ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
South Of Brazil

ABSTRACT Objective: To assess the prevalence and factors associated with musculoskeletal pain in undergraduate health students. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted with undergraduate students from a university in the south of Brazil between April and July 2017. The Brazilian version of the Standardized Nordic Questionnaire and a questionnaire for the characterization of students were used. Descriptive statistics, the chi-square test and Poisson regression were used for the analysis. Results: Participation of 792 undergraduate health students. The region of the vertebral column had a higher prevalence (74.9%) of musculoskeletal pain. The variables of female sex, age between 18 and 20 years, overweight, not having time for leisure, six or more daily hours of mobile phone use, having a clinical condition with medical diagnosis and attending the intermediate or final semesters of the course were associated with musculoskeletal pain. Conclusion: The high prevalence of musculoskeletal pain demonstrates the need for strategies aimed at preventing this aggravation still in the academic setting.

Minerals Intake Distributions in a Large Sample of Iranian at-Risk Population Using the National Cancer Institute Method: Do They Meet Their Requirements?

2015 ◽  
Vol 85 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 129-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahra Heidari ◽  
Awat Feizi ◽  
Leila Azadbakht ◽  
Nizal Sarrafzadegan
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
National Cancer Institute ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Normal Function ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Nutritional Interventions ◽  
High Prevalence

Abstract. Background: Minerals are required for the body’s normal function. Aim: The current study assessed the intake distribution of minerals and estimated the prevalence of inadequacy and excess among a representative sample of healthy middle aged and elderly Iranian people. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, the second follow up to the Isfahan Cohort Study (ICS), 1922 generally healthy people aged 40 and older were investigated. Dietary intakes were collected using 24 hour recalls and two or more consecutive food records. Distribution of minerals intake was estimated using traditional (averaging dietary intake days) and National Cancer Institute (NCI) methods, and the results obtained from the two methods, were compared. The prevalence of minerals intake inadequacy or excess was estimated using the estimated average requirement (EAR) cut-point method, the probability approach and the tolerable upper intake levels (UL). Results: There were remarkable differences between values obtained using traditional and NCI methods, particularly in the lower and upper percentiles of the estimated intake distributions. A high prevalence of inadequacy of magnesium (50 - 100 %), calcium (21 - 93 %) and zinc (30 - 55 % for males > 50 years) was observed. Significant gender differences were found regarding inadequate intakes of calcium (21 - 76 % for males vs. 45 - 93 % for females), magnesium (92 % vs. 100 %), iron (0 vs. 15 % for age group 40 - 50 years) and zinc (29 - 55 % vs. 0 %) (all; p < 0.05). Conclusion: Severely imbalanced intakes of magnesium, calcium and zinc were observed among the middle-aged and elderly Iranian population. Nutritional interventions and population-based education to improve healthy diets among the studied population at risk are needed.

HIGH PREVALENCE OF MALNUTRITON AND WORM INFECTION AMONG VAN KIEU AND PAKOH CHILDREN AGED 12-36 MONTHS IN DAKRONG DISTRICT, QUANG TRI PROVINCE

2012 ◽  
pp. 129-134
Author(s):  
Thi Lan Tran ◽  
Thi Huong Le ◽  
Xuan Ninh Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Infection Status ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Group Recommendation ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Normal Children ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Very High

Objectives: Assess the nutritional status, worm infection status and some related factors among children aged 12-36 months of Dakrong district, Quang Tri province. Subject and method: A cross sectional study was carried out in 2010, in 680 children aged 12-36 months in 4 communes of Dakrong district, Quang Tri province. Results: The malnutrition rate was 55.0% for underweight, 66.5% for stunting and 16.2% for wasting. The prevalence of malnutrition increases by age group. The prevalence of worm infection was 31.6%, the highest prevalence was belong to Ascaris infection (24.6%), followed by Hookworm and Trichuris (6.5% and 6.2%, respectively). The prevalence of worm infection among children under two is very high (27.0%). The prevalence of worm infection was distributed quite equally between the malnutrition children group and normal children group. Recommendation: Early deworming forchildren from 12 months should be considered as important strategy against the malnutrition of children in Dakrong district, Quang Tri province

scholarly journals Prevalence of MDR organism (MDRO) carriage in children and their household members in Siem Reap Province, Cambodia

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shweta R Singh ◽  
Bunsoth Mao ◽  
Konstantin Evdokimov ◽  
Pisey Tan ◽  
Phana Leab ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Final Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Siem Reap ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Significant Public Health ◽  
History Of

Abstract Background The rising incidence of infections caused by MDR organisms (MDROs) poses a significant public health threat. However, little has been reported regarding community MDRO carriage in low- and middle-income countries. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study in Siem Reap, Cambodia comparing hospital-associated households, in which an index child (age: 2–14 years) had been hospitalized for at least 48 h in the preceding 2–4 weeks, with matched community households on the same street, in which no other child had a recent history of hospitalization. Participants were interviewed using a survey questionnaire and tested for carriage of MRSA, ESBL-producing Enterobacterales (ESBL-E) and carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CPE) by culture followed by antibiotic susceptibility testing. We used logistic regression analysis to analyse associations between collected variables and MDRO carriage. Results Forty-two pairs of households including 376 participants with 376 nasal swabs and 290 stool specimens were included in final analysis. MRSA was isolated from 26 specimens (6.9%). ESBL-producing Escherichia coli was detected in 269 specimens (92.8%) whereas ESBL-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae was isolated from 128 specimens (44.1%), of which 123 (42.4%) were co-colonized with ESBL-producing E. coli. Six (2.1%) specimens tested positive for CPE (4 E. coli and 2 K. pneumoniae). The prevalence ratios for MRSA, ESBL-producing E. coli and ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae carriage did not differ significantly in hospital-associated households and hospitalized children compared with their counterparts. Conclusions The high prevalence of ESBL-E across both household types suggests that MDRO reservoirs are common in the community. Ongoing genomic analyses will help to understand the epidemiology and course of MDRO spread.

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