scholarly journals Language evaluation protocol for children aged 2 months to 23 months: analysis of sensitivity and specificity

CoDAS ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ludimila Labanca ◽  
Cláudia Regina Lindgren Alves ◽  
Lidia Lourenço Cunha Bragança ◽  
Diego Dias Ramos Dorim ◽  
Cristina Gonçalves Alvim ◽  
...  

Purpose: To establish cutoff points for the analysis of the Behavior Observation Form (BOF) of children in the ages of 2 to 23 months and evaluate the sensitivity and specificity by age group and domains (Emission, Reception, and Cognitive Aspects of Language). Methods: The sample consisted of 752 children who underwent BOF. Each child was classified as having appropriate language development for the age or having possible risk of language impairment. Performance Indicators (PI) were calculated in each domain as well as the overall PI in all domains. The values for sensitivity and specificity were also calculated. The cutoff points for possible risk of language impairment for each domain and each age group were obtained using the receiver operating characteristics curve. Results: The results of the study revealed that one-third of the assessed children have a risk of language impairment in the first two years of life. The analysis of BOF showed high sensitivity (>90%) in all categories and in all age groups; however, the chance of false-positive results was higher than 20% in the majority of aspects evaluated. It was possible to establish the cutoff points for all categories and age groups with good correlation between sensitivity and specificity, except for the age group of 2 to 6 months. Conclusion: This study provides important contributions to the discussion on the evaluation of the language development of children younger than 2 years.

Blood ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 132 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 5312-5312
Author(s):  
Eline Zijtregtop ◽  
Waichu Wong ◽  
Friederike Meyer- Wentrup ◽  
Martha Lopez-Yurda ◽  
Raoull Hoogendijk ◽  
...  

Abstract Background Pediatric classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) is a clonal disorder in an inflammatory background, also known as the microenvironment. This microenvironment is of major importance for growth and survival of the malignant Hodgkin/Reed Sternberg (HRS) cells. HRS cells and the microenvironment communicate through chemo- and cytokines. Blood biomarkers result from this active crosstalk, and may be a surrogate for lymphoma viability (Steidl et al, JCC 2011). Blood biomarkers are important because they hold the promise to be easily available and cost-effective. One promising biomarker in adult patients with cHL is the "Thymus and Activation-Regulated Chemokine, TARC (Plattell et al, Haematologica 2012). Elevated TARC levels are also described in patients with atopic dermatitis (Hijnen et al, J All Clin Immunol 2004). In adult cHL patients about 85% of patients have significantly elevated levels of TARC in pre-treatment serum or plasma compared to healthy controls (Plattell et al). So far nothing is known about TARC in pediatric cHL patients. To define its value as a diagnostic marker in pediatric cHL patients, we compared TARC levels of pediatric cHL patients with control patients. This study was IRB-approved and registered under Dutch Trial registry number 6876. Methods After providing informed consent, plasma and serum samples were collected of newly diagnosed cHL patients before start of treatment. To define normal values of TARC in children, samples were collected from non-cHL randomly selected patients from the hematology, endocrinology and oncology outpatient clinic. Baseline characteristics including history of atopic dermatitis were collected. These control patients were divided in three age groups (0-9,10-14 and 15-18 years). TARC levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (R&D systems, Human CCL17/TARC Quantikine ELISA Kit). TARC levels of the cHL patients were compared to the control group to obtain ROC curves and calculate the AUC, cross-validated sensitivity and specificity and accuracy of TARC as a diagnostic marker. We hypothesized that pediatric cHL patients had elevated pretreatment TARC levels in both serum and plasma. Analyses were done using SAS V9.4. Results Fourteen cHL patients were included with a median age of 14 (range 11-17) years. Ten (71.4%) were female. Eighty patients were included in the control group with a median age of 12 (range 10 months-18) years. Twenty-nine patients (36.3%) were included in age group 0-9, 25 (31.2%) in age group 10-14 and 26 (32.5%) in age group 15-18. Thirty-nine (48.8%) were female. Patients of the control group had a median TARC value of 71 (range 18-762) pg/ml for plasma and 318 (range 27-1300) pg/ml for serum. TARC plasma and serum levels decreased with age (Spearman correlation -0.26, 2-tailed p=0.0204), but there were no statistically significant pairwise comparisons found between the pre-specified age groups. In the eight control patients (10%) with atopic dermatitis no significantly higher plasma and serum levels were found (plasma median with eczema 97 versus 70 pg/ml without eczema (p=0.71) and serum median with eczema 643 versus 317 pg/ml (p=0.71)). Plasma was collected in 14 cHL patients, and all had elevated TARC levels, with a median plasma level of 18449 (range 1635-55821) pg/mL. Serum samples were collected in 8/14 cHL patients and all had elevated serum TARC levels. Median serum level: 46703 (range 12817-149739) pg/ml. The plasma TARC levels of cHL patients were significantly higher than those of the control group patients (p<0.001). With a cut-off of level of of 898.70 pg/ml, we obtained 100% (95% CI 73% - 100%) sensitivity and 100% (95% 94% - 100%) specificity. Serum TARC levels also were significantly higher than those of the control group patients (p<0.001), with a cut-off level of 10283.57 pg/ml, sensitivity and specificity will be 100% (95% CI 60% - 100% for sensitivity and 95% CI 94% - 100% for specificity). Conclusion All classical cHL patients had significantly higher TARC levels compared to the 80 control patients. Despite the small sample size of cHL patients, TARC was found to be a sensitive and specific diagnostic marker for pediatric cHL in both plasma and serum. Further research with a bigger sample of cHL patients is necessary to improve the accuracy of the sensitivity, as well as to investigate whether TARC is also a valuable marker for disease response during treatment in pediatric patients with cHL. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.


2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 327
Author(s):  
Hemlin Thomas C. ◽  
Sanjeev Kumar ◽  
Bisto A. A.

Background: Growth Hormone Deficiency is conventionally diagnosed by low peak Growth Hormone levels to provocative testing. Serum IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 are under the influence of GH and reflect the endogenous GH secretion. Owing to the absence of a circadian rhythm, it is possible to take individual measurements of IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 at any time of the day for evaluation of GH status instead of subjecting the individual to cumbersome provocative tests. Objectives of this study were to compare IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 assays with clonidine stimulation test in children of different age group with short stature.Methods: 90 children with short stature were included in the study. Samples for basal GH, IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 were obtained and afterwards all children were subjected to clonidine stimulation test. The diagnostic value of the tests were analysed in terms of sensitivity, specificity, predictive value and accuracy in younger and older age groups.Results: 40% of the study population was diagnosed to have GHD. IGF-1 had high sensitivity in both age groups. But in the younger age group IGFBP-3 was more specific. Both the tests had same specificity in the older age group. Combining the two tests helped to improve diagnostic value in all the age groups.Conclusions: Measurements of IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 have shown comparable diagnostic performance with growth hormone stimulation tests and are valuable for patient`s convenience and ease of performance and can be useful in the workup of growth hormone deficiency.


2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 129
Author(s):  
Intan Laraswati ◽  
Diah Indriani

Pre-eclampsia is the third highest cause of death in pregnant women. Symptoms of pre-eclampsia can be identified by the presence of hypertension, proteinuria and edema during pregnancy until postpartum. Pre-eclampsia cannot be identified with certain risk factors, and cannot be prevented. Pre-eclampsia can be detected early using the pre-eclampsia screening method with sonography. The sonographic device used is referred to as DVAUt ultrasound (Uterine Artery Doppler Velocimetry Ultrasonography). This studying an analytic observational research with a cross sectional study design. The population was all pregnant women who examined at the Mulyorejo primary health center in 2013 until the first quarter of 2018. The sampling technique was consecutive sampling with inclusion and exclusion criteria. The number of samples obtained is 496 data. The study aimed to determine the sensitivity and specificity of the pre-eclampsia screening method using DVAUt ultrasound in detecting the tendency of pregnant women to experience pre-eclampsia. The data were analyzed of sensitivity and specificity and the Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) curve with p <0.001. P1GF / sFlt-1 (Gold standard) biomaker test sensitivity of 89% and specificity of 90%. The results of this study were the sensitivity of pre-eclampsia screening at 99.7% and specificity of 81.9%. The ROC method obtained the results of pre-eclampsia screening using DVAUt ultrasound has a high sensitivity and specificity in detecting the tendency of pregnant women to experience pre-eclampsia. Suggestions for research to refresh knowledge and procedures for conducting pre-eclampsia screening checks.


Molecules ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (10) ◽  
pp. 2603
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Szczeklik ◽  
Tomasz Mach ◽  
Dorota Cibor ◽  
Danuta Owczarek ◽  
Jacek Sapa ◽  
...  

Diagnostics of Crohn’s disease (CD) requires noninvasive biomarkers facilitating early detection and differentiation of the disease. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to determine the relationship between paraoxonase-1 (PON-1), the severity of CD, oxidative stress, and inflammation in CD. The CD activity index was based on the current classification. Plasma PON-1 was measured in 47 patients with CD, and in 23 control volunteers. Using quantitative variables such as receiver operating characteristics (ROC) (area under the curve (AUC)), the diagnostic utility of PON-1 in differentiating the severity of CD was assessed. Circulating PON-1 was found to be decreased in the CD group compared to the control group (269.89 vs. 402.56 U/L, respectively), and it correlated well with the disease activity. PON-1 correlated positively with hemoglobin (Hb) (r = 0.539, p < 0.001), hematocrit (Ht) (r = 0.48, p < 0.001), total cholesterol (TC) (r = 0.343, p < 0.001), high density lipoprotein (HDL) (r = 0.536, p < 0.001), low density lipoprotein (LDL) (r = 0.54, p < 0.001), and triglyceride (TG) (r = 0.561, p < 0.001) and correlated negatively with white blood cell count (WBC) (r = −0.262, p = 0.029), platelet count (PLT) (r = −0.326, p = 0.006), C-reactive protein (CRP) (r = −0.61, p < 0.001), and malondialdehyde (MDA) (r = −0.924, p < 0.001). PON-1 as a marker for CD differentiation possessed a sensitivity and specificity of 93.62% and 91.30%, respectively. CD was found to be associated with the decrease in the levels of PON-1, which correlates well with activity of the disease and reflects the intensification of inflammation, as well as intensified lipid peroxidation. High sensitivity and specificity of PON-1 determines its selection as a good screening test for CD severity.


2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 129
Author(s):  
Intan Laraswati ◽  
Diah Indriani

Pre-eclampsia is the third highest cause of death in pregnant women. Symptoms of pre-eclampsia can be identified by the presence of hypertension, proteinuria and edema during pregnancy until postpartum. Pre-eclampsia cannot be identified with certain risk factors, and cannot be prevented. Pre-eclampsia can be detected early using the pre-eclampsia screening method with sonography. The sonographic device used is referred to as DVAUt ultrasound (Uterine Artery Doppler Velocimetry Ultrasonography). This studying an analytic observational research with a cross sectional study design. The population was all pregnant women who examined at the Mulyorejo primary health center in 2013 until the first quarter of 2018. The sampling technique was consecutive sampling with inclusion and exclusion criteria. The number of samples obtained is 496 data. The study aimed to determine the sensitivity and specificity of the pre-eclampsia screening method using DVAUt ultrasound in detecting the tendency of pregnant women to experience pre-eclampsia. The data were analyzed of sensitivity and specificity and the Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) curve with p <0.001. P1GF / sFlt-1 (Gold standard) biomaker test sensitivity of 89% and specificity of 90%. The results of this study were the sensitivity of pre-eclampsia screening at 99.7% and specificity of 81.9%. The ROC method obtained the results of pre-eclampsia screening using DVAUt ultrasound has a high sensitivity and specificity in detecting the tendency of pregnant women to experience pre-eclampsia. Suggestions for research to refresh knowledge and procedures for conducting pre-eclampsia screening checks.


2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Trinny M.C.A. Solangs ◽  
D. Pangemanan ◽  
Hedison Polii

Abstract: In this study the sensitivity level of difference in getting on palms beauty salon workers between the age groups of adolescents with adult age groups. However, the results of this study obtained data the different levels of sensitivity palms beauty salon workers in both age groups rernaja and adult age groups, in which the adolescent age group level of sensitivity on the palm of his hand is higher than in the adult age group, so that the research This nosiseptor at salon workers in the teenage years with the number amounted to 23 workers and nosiseptor percentnya by as much as 45%. Although the level of sensitivity on the palm of the hand is different beauty salon workers. Manifestations of chemical workers exposed to the beauty parlor palms and age, but at the age of adolescents with a higher sensitivity rate than adult rare cause. Therefore, teenage beauty salon worker with a high sensitivity palms generally have long contaminated chemicals. To measure the level of sensitivity on the palm of beauty salon worker, used a seal test trials and the results confirmed by frequency tables. Because the cost of a cheap and practical and beauty salon area which is along the road Malalayang Keyword: sensitivity, nosiseptor.     Abstrak: Dalam penelitian ini di dapatkan perbedaan tingkat sensitivitas pada telapak tangan pekerja salon kecantikan antara kelompok yang usia remaja dengan kelompok yang usia dewasa. Namun pada hasil penelitian ini diperoleh data adanya perbedaan tingkat sensitivitas telapak tangan pekerja salon kecantikan baik pada kelompok yang usia rernaja maupun kelompok yang usia dewasa, dimana pada kelompok usia remaja tingkat sensitivitas pada telapak tangannya lebih tinggi dibanding pada kelompok yang usia dewasa, sehingga pada penelitian ini nosiseptor pada pekerja salon pada usia remaja dengan banyaknya nosiseptor berjumlah 23 pekerja dan menurut percentnya sebanyak 45%. Oleh karena itu pekerja salon kecantikan usia remaja dengan sensitivitas telapak tangan yang tinggi umumnya belum lama terkontaminasi bahan kimia. Tidak dilakukan pemeriksaan laboratorium untuk mengetahui penyebab perbedaaan tingkat sensitifitas pada pekerja salon kecantikan tersebut. Untuk mengukur tingkat sensitivitas pada telapak tangan pekerja salon kecantikan, digunakan uji test stempel dan hasil dikonfirmasikan dengan tabel frekwensi. Karena biaya yang murah dan praktis dan area salon kecantikan yang berada di sepanjang jalan malalayang. Kata Kunci: sensivitas, nosiseptor.


2019 ◽  
Vol 85 (6) ◽  
pp. 645-653 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Jun ◽  
Wang Cong ◽  
Xie Xianxin ◽  
Jiang Daqing

The purpose of this meta-analysis was to determine the value of quantitative dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) MRI (DCE-MRI) in evaluating the response of breast cancer to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC). PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases (from building to July 31, 2018) were searched to collect articles about the therapeutic evaluation of NAC using the quantitative DCE-MRI in patients with breast cancer. The sensitivities and specificities of quantitative DCE-MRI in the evaluation of NAC for breast cancer were extracted from the articles. Meta-DiSc1.4 was applied to evaluate the efficacy of the sensitivity and specificity; forest figure and summary receiver operating characteristics (SROC) were created. A total of 356 articles were enrolled in this study, including 739 cases in total, in which 218 cases were effective and the other 521 cases were ineffective to NAC, considering the pathological results as the gold standard. The sensitivity and specificity in the included 14 articles of quantitative DCE-MRI ( Ktrans, kep, and ve) in comprehensively evaluating NAC for breast cancer were 84 per cent (95% confidence interval (CI): 78–88%) and 83 per cent (95% CI: 79–86%), respectively. The area under SROC was 0.899 (95% CI: 0.867–0.943). The sensitivity and specificity in the three articles of Ktrans evaluating NAC for breast cancer were 84.1 per cent (95% CI: 71.0–92.1%) and 81.3 per cent (95% CI: 70.5%-88.5%), respectively. The area under SROC was 0.899 (95% CI: 0.834–0.962). Our study confirmed that the quantitative DCE-MRI is able to monitor NAC treatment for breast cancer because of its high sensitivity and specificity. However, there is a high degree of heterogeneity in published studies, highlighting the lack of standardization in the field.


2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Byoung-Doo Oh ◽  
Yoon-Kyoung Lee ◽  
Hye-Jeong Song ◽  
Jong-Dae Kim ◽  
Chan-Young Park ◽  
...  

Speech pathology is a scientific study of speech disorders. In this field, the study also analyzes and evaluates language abilities for the purpose of improving speech and hearing. Speech therapy first performs evaluation of speech ability, which is expensive. In order to solve this problem, software methodologies have been applied to language analysis, but most of them have been applied to only part of the whole process. In this study, the degree of language development is judged by determining the age group of the speaker (Pre-school children, Elementary school, Middle and high school, Adults, and Senior citizen) using deep learning and simple statistics. We use transcription data from the counseling contents and multi-kernel CNN model. At this time, in order to understand the characteristics of Korean language belonging agglutinative languages, experiments are carried out in words, morphemes, characters, jam, and Jamo with POS tag-level. And we analyze the distribution of the results for each sentence of the speakers to predict their age groups and to check the degree of language development. The proposed model shows an average accuracy of about 74.6 %.


2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Y.I. Djakaria ◽  
Fredine E.S. Rares ◽  
John Porotu'o

Abstract: Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the causal bacteria of lung tuberculosis in human. These bacteria are classified into acid-resistant bacilli. The diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis can be established by microscopic examination of sputum with acid resistant bacilli dyes inter alia Ziehl-Neelsen which has high sensitivity and specificity. This was a descriptive experimental study to determine the existence of M. tuberculosis in the sputum of patients suffering from cough  2 weeks at Pulmonary Polyclinic of Rumkit Tingkat III Robert Wolter Mongisidi. The results obtained 74 samples consisting of 47 males and 27 females. Based on the age group, there were 2 samples of 15-24 years; 3 samples of 25-34 years; 5 samples of 45-54 years; 5 samples of 55-64 years; 2 samples of  65 years; none of 35-44 years old. There were 17 TB positive samples and 57 TB negative samples. Most of the TB positive samples were females (11 of 17 samples) and of age group 45-54 years as well as of 55-64 years. Conclusion: Most of the TB positive patients were female, and aged 45-64 years old.Keywords: Cough of more than 2 weeks, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, lung tuberculosis Abstrak: Mycobacterium tuberculosis merupakan bakteri agen penyebab penyakit tuberkulosis (TB) pada manusia yang sering menginfeksi paru-paru. Bakteri ini digolongkan ke dalam basil tahan asam (BTA). Untuk menegakkan diagnosis TB dapat dilakukan dengan fasilitas sederhana dan memberi sensitivitas serta spesifisitas yang cukup tinggi yaitu pemeriksaan sputum dengan pewarnaan Ziehl-Neelsen. Jenis penelitian ini ialah deskriptif eksperimental untuk menentukan ada tidaknya Mycobacterium tuberculosis pada sputum pasien batuk 2 minggu di Poliklinik Paru Rumkit Tingkat III Robert Wolter Mongisidi. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan pada bulan Oktober-November 2017. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan 74 sampel terdiri dari 47 laki-laki dan 27 perempuan. Berdasarkan kelompok usia didapatkan 2 sampel usia 15-24 tahun; 3 sampel usia 25-34 tahun; 5 sampel usia 45-54 tahun; 5 sampel usia 55-64 tahun; dan 2 sampel usia 65 tahun. Tidak ada sampel pada usia 35-44 tahun. Pada pemeriksaan sputum ditemukan BTA positif pada 17 sampel dan BTA negatif pada 57 sampel. Pemeriksaan sputum dengan BTA positif terbanyak didapatkan pada jenis kelamin perempuan (11 dari 17 sampel), serta kelompok usia 45-54 tahun dan 55-64 tahun. Simpulan: Sebagian besar pengidap tuberkulosis berjenis kelamin perempuan dan berusia 45-64 tahun.Kata kunci: batuk 2 minggu, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, TB paru


PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. e0256593
Author(s):  
Nádia Giulian de Carvalho ◽  
Maria Isabel Ramos do Amaral ◽  
Maria Francisca Colella-Santos

Objective To contribute to the validation of AudBility, an online central auditory processing screening program, considering the tasks for age between 6 and 8 years-old, from the investigation of sensitivity and specificity, as well as to suggest a minimum central auditory processing (CAP) screening protocol in this age group. Method In the first stage of the study, 154 schoolchildren were screened. Children were aged between 6 and 8 years old, native speakers of Brazilian Portuguese. The auditory tasks of AudBility analyzed in this study were: sound localization (SL), auditory closure (AC), figure-ground (FG), dichotic digits—binaural integration (DD), temporal resolution (TR) and temporal frequency ordering (TO-F). In the second stage, 112 children attended to CAP assessment in the institution’s laboratory. The calculation of efficacy (sensitivity/specificity) was obtained through the construction of the ROC curve for the tests with more than five children altered in the diagnosis. Results For the 6–7-year-old age group the accuracy values were: AC (76.9%); FG (61.6%); DD 78.8% for the right ear and 84.4% for the left ear in females and 63.2% for the left ear in males; TR (77.1%) and TO-F (74.4% for the right ear and 82.4% for the left ear). For the 8-year-old age group the values were: FF (76.5%); DD (71.7% for the left ear for females and 77% for the right ear for males); TR (56.5%) and TO-F (54.1% for the right ear and 70% for the left ear). Conclusions AudBility showed variations in sensitivity and specificity values between the auditory tasks and age groups, with better effectiveness in schoolchildren between the ages of 6 and 7 than eight-year-olds, except for the FG task. For screening purposes, the application of the protocol involving five tasks for the 6 to 7-year-olds group and with four tasks for the 8-year-olds group is suggested.


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