Water retention in a peatland with organic matter in different decomposition stages

Peatlands are ecosystems formed by successive pedogenetic processes, resulting in progressive accumulation of plant remains in the soil column under conditions that inhibit the activity of most microbial decomposers. In Diamantina, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, a peatland is located at 1366 m asl, in a region with a quartz-rich lithology and characteristic wet grassland vegetation. For this study, the peat area was divided in 12 transects, from which a total of 90 soil samples were collected at a distance of 20 m from each other. The properties rubbed fiber content (RF), bulk density (Bd), mineral material (MM), organic matter (OM), moisture (Moi) and maximum water holding capacity (MWHC) were analyzed in all samples. From three selected profiles of this whole area, samples were collected every 27 cm from the soil surface down to a depth of 216 cm. In these samples, moisture was additionally determined at a pressure of 10 kPa (Moi10) or 1500 kPa (Moi1500), using Richards' extractor and soil organic matter was fractionated by standard procedures. The OM decomposition stage of this peat was found to increase with soil depth. Moi and MWHC were highest in layers with less advanced stages of OM decomposition. The humin levels were highest in layers in earlier stages of OM decomposition and with higher levels of water retention at MWHC and Moi10. Humic acid contents were higher in layers at an intermediate stage of decomposition of organic matter and with lowest levels of water retention at MWHC, Moi10 and Moi1500.

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Abundance and diversity of soil arthropods and fungi in shelterbelts integrated with pastures in the central tablelands of New South Wales, Australia

Journal of Forest Science ◽

10.17221/12/2012-jfs ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 58 (No. 12) ◽

pp. 560-568 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

E.W. Mbuthia ◽

J.H. Shariff ◽

A. Raman ◽

D.S. Hodgkins ◽

H.I. Nicol ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Biological Diversity ◽

Soil Depth ◽

Soil Surface ◽

Early Spring ◽

Late Winter ◽

Soil Arthropods ◽

South Wales ◽

Abundance And Diversity ◽

The Relationship

Shelterbelts are important for the sustainability of agriculture because they provide a variety of benefits to farmers and the society. Several published papers demonstrate that integration of shelterbelts with agroecosystems offers positive outcomes, such as better yield, more congenial microclimate, and greater organic matter levels. Nonetheless, soil biological diversity, the driver of greater organic matter levels, has not been convincingly tested and verified yet. In addressing this gap, we measured abundance and diversity of populations of arthropods and fungi in three<br />11-year old shelterbelts integrated with pasture to determine whether a correlation exists between the abundance of and diversity in populations of arthropods and fungi in two seasons: late autumn-early winter (May–June 2011) and late winter-early spring (August–September 2011). Litter from the soil surface and soil from two depths were sampled at increasing distance from the midpoint of shelterbelts for the extraction of arthropods and isolation culturing of fungi. The relationship among distance, depth and biodiversity of different groups of arthropods and fungi was analysed using linear regression. We found that over both seasons arthropod abundance in the litter and soil declined with increasing distance from the midpoint of the shelterbelts, and with soil depth. However, fungi abundance in either season was not affected by proximity to the shelterbelt but increased with greater soil depth. Distance from the shelterbelt midpoints did not bear an impact on the diversity richness of both arthropods and fungi.

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Relationship between the mass of organic matter and carbon in soil

Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology ◽

10.1590/s1516-89132008000200005 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 51 (2) ◽

pp. 263-269 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Silmara R. Bianchi ◽

Mario Miyazawa ◽

Edson L. de Oliveira ◽

Marcos Antonio Pavan

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Soil Organic Matter ◽

Organic Carbon ◽

Soil Depth ◽

Soil Surface ◽

Soil Samples ◽

Loss On Ignition ◽

Oxidation Degree ◽

Wide Range

The quantity of soil organic matter (SOM) was estimated through the determination of soil organic carbon (SOC) times a factor, which assumes that 58% of the SOM was formed by carbon. A number of soil samples with wide range of SOC content collected in the state of Paraná, Brazil were evaluated in the laboratory. SOC was measured by Walkley-Black method and the total SOM by loss on ignition. The SOC was positively correlated with SOM. The SOM/SOC ratio varied from 1.91 to 5.08 for the soils. It shows that Brazilian SOM has greater oxidation degree. Although, the SOM and SOC decreased with soil depth the SOM/SOC ratio increased. It showed that SOM in the subsoil contained more oxygen but less carbon than the SOM in the upper soil surface. The CEC/SOC also increased with depth indicating that the functional groups of the SOM increased per unity of carbon.

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Sequestration of Organic Carbon Influenced by the Application of Straw Residue and Farmyard Manure in Two Different Soils

International Agrophysics ◽

10.2478/intag-2014-0005 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 28 (2) ◽

pp. 169-176 ◽

Cited By ~ 32

Author(s):

Majid Mahmoodabadi ◽

Elina Heydarpour

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Surface Layer ◽

Carbon Sequestration ◽

Organic Carbon ◽

Soil Organic Carbon ◽

Soil Depth ◽

Farmyard Manure ◽

Soil Surface ◽

Organic Carbon Content ◽

Uncultivated Soil

Abstract Soil organic carbon is one of the most important soil components, which acts as a sink for atmospheric CO2. This study focuses on the effect of different methods of organic matter application on the soil organic carbon sequestration in a 4-month experiment under controlled greenhouse conditions. Three rates of straw residue and farmyard manure were added to uncultivated and cropland soils. Two treatments of straw residue and farmyard manure incorporation were used into: a soil surface layer and 0-20 cm soil depth. The result showed that the application of organic matter, especially the farmyard manure incorporation led to a significant increase in the final soil organic carbon content. Higher amounts of soil organic carbon were stored in the cropland soil than in the uncultivated soil. On average, the soil surface layer treatment caused a higher sequestration of soil organic carbon compared to the whole soil depth treatment. If higher rates of organic matter were added to the soils, lower carbon sequestration was observed and vice versa. The result indicated that the carbon sequestration ranged farmyardmanure > strawresidue and cropland soil > uncultivated soil. The findings of this research revealed the necessity of paying more attention to the role of organic residue management in carbon sequestration and prevention of increasing global warming.

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KLASSIFIKASI BAHAN ORGANIK TANAH BUKIT PINANG-PINANG KAWASAN HUTAN HUJAN TROPIK GUNUNG GADUT PADANG

Jurnal Solum ◽

10.25077/js.6.2.54-65.2009 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 54

Author(s):

Yulnafatmawita Yulnafatmawita ◽

Asmar Asmar ◽

Mimien Harianti ◽

Suci Betrianingrum

Keyword(s):

Land Use ◽

Organic Matter ◽

Soil Organic Matter ◽

Soil Depth ◽

Soil Surface ◽

Heavy Fraction ◽

The Other ◽

Annual Rainfall ◽

Mineral Particles ◽

Very High

A research about soil organic matter (SOM) classification based on the density was conducted for soil in Bukik Pinang-Pinang region. The objective of this research was to identify whether the SOM in Pinang-Pinang area, having very high annual rainfall, was mostly particulate or had been associated with mineral particles. Soils were sampled at three different land use, forest, bush, and mixed wood land on 0-10, 10-20, and 20-30 cm soil depth. Soil organic matter was classified into 2 classes, < 1.0 g cm-3 and ≥ 1.0 g cm-3 by using pure aquadest. Total and fractionated SOM samples were analyzed by using Walkley and Black method in soil laboratory, Agriclculture College, Andalas University. The result showed that, among the three land use surveyed, mixed wood land use gave the highest SOM, then followed by bush land. Soil OM content in forest ecosystem was much lower than the other two land use for the whole depth. Based on the density, SOM particulate was higher on the soil surface and decrease by depth in each land use. Among the ecosystem, SOM under forest was less associated with soil particles than that under bush and mixed wood land. Key Words: SOM-light fraction, SOM-heavy fraction, land use

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Leaching of microplastics by preferential flow in earthworm (Lumbricus terrestris) burrows

Environmental Chemistry ◽

10.1071/en18161 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

pp. 31 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

Miao Yu ◽

Martine van der Ploeg ◽

Esperanza Huerta Lwanga ◽

Xiaomei Yang ◽

Shaoliang Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Preferential Flow ◽

Soil Depth ◽

Soil Column ◽

Soil Surface ◽

Lumbricus Terrestris ◽

Soil Samples ◽

Average Weight ◽

Soil Layers ◽

Groundwater Systems ◽

Set Up

Environmental contextMicroplastics found in soil pose several potential environmental risks. This study shows that microplastics on the soil surface can be ingested by earthworms and transported to the lower soil layers. In this way, microplastics may enter the food chain and find their way into groundwater systems, especially in cases where the water table is shallow. AbstractIn the current study, we examine how the activities of earthworms (Lumbricus terrestris) affect microplastic (MP) distribution and concentration in soil, with a focus on low density polyethylene (LDPE). We also want to determine if MPs can be flushed out with water. We used a laboratory sandy soil column (polyvinyl chloride tube) experimental set-up and tested five different treatments: (1) treatment with just soil (control) to check if the saturated conductivity (Ksat) could be impacted by MP, (2) treatment with MP, (3) treatment with MP and litter, (4) treatment with earthworms and litter as a second control for treatment 5 and (5) treatment with MPs, earthworms and litter. Each treatment consisted of eight replicates. For the treatments with MP, the concentration of MP added at the start of the experiment was 7% by weight (3.97g, polyethylene, 50% 1mm–250µm, 30% 250µm–150µm and 20% <150µm) based on 52.78g of dry litter from Populus nigra. In the treatments using earthworms, two adult earthworms, with an initial average weight of (7.14±0.26) g, were placed in each column. Results showed that LDPE particles could be introduced into the soil by the earthworms. MP particles were detected in each soil sample and within different soil layers for the earthworm treatments. Earthworms showed a tendency to transport the smaller MP particles and that the amount of MPs in size class <250μm increased in soil samples with increasing soil depth in comparison to the other size classes. After leaching, MPs were only detected in the leachate from the treatments with the earthworms, and the MP had similar size distributions as the soil samples in the 40–50cm layer of the treatment with MP, earthworms and litter. The results of this study clearly show that biogenic activities can mobilise MP transport from the surface into the soil and even be leached into drainage. It is highly likely that biogenic activities constitute a potential pathway for MPs to be transported into soil and groundwater.

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Liming and electrochemical attributes of an oxisol under no tillage

Scientia Agricola ◽

10.1590/s0103-90162003000100018 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 60 (1) ◽

pp. 119-123 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Luís Reynaldo Ferracciú Alleoni ◽

Fernando César Bachiega Zambrosi ◽

Silvino Guimarães Moreira ◽

Luís Ignácio Prochnow ◽

Volnei Pauletti

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Electric Potential ◽

Salt Effect ◽

Soil Depth ◽

Soil Surface ◽

No Tillage ◽

Soil Layers ◽

Full Rate ◽

Tillage System ◽

General Improvement

No tillage areas are increasing in Brazil especially due to a general improvement in water and nutrient availability to plants. Few results have reported the effect of liming on soil electrochemical attributes in areas under the no tillage system. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of liming (at the soil surface and incorporated to 0.2 m) on soil pH, point of zero salt effect (PZSE), electric potential, soil organic matter (SOM), and yield of soybean and corn, cultivated on an Typic Hapludox, submitted 12 years to no tillage. Rates of lime of 1/3, 2/3 and the total amount calculated for soil to reach a base saturation of 70 % (2.5 ton ha-1) were applied on soil surface. The full rate was also applied and incorporated to the 0.2 m depth. The effect of liming on PZSE was low due, most likely, to the low lime rates used in the experiment. SOM contents decreased as rates of applied lime increased, with the highest variation occurring between the control and the full rate of lime when incorporated. No clear effect of the lower values of SOM was observed in the PZSE values. The lack of interaction among lime rates and soil depth contributed for this situation, once the effect of SOM was diluted when considering the values of PZSE as the average for the soil layers (0-0.1; 0.1-0.2 and 0.2-0.3 m). There was no variation in the soil electric potential and in the yield of soybean and corn as a function of lime rates.

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Pedotransfer functions to estimate retention and availability of water in soils of the state of Santa Catarina, Brazil

Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo ◽

10.1590/s0100-06832013000400007 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 37 (4) ◽

pp. 889-910 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

André da Costa ◽

Jackson Adriano Albuquerque ◽

Jaime Antônio de Almeida ◽

Adriano da Costa ◽

Rodrigo Vieira Luciano

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Regression Analysis ◽

Path Analysis ◽

Water Retention ◽

Organic Matter Content ◽

Soil Surface ◽

Matter Content ◽

The State ◽

Pedotransfer Functions ◽

Santa Catarina

Studies on water retention and availability are scarce for subtropical or humid temperate climate regions of the southern hemisphere. The aims of this study were to evaluate the relations of the soil physical, chemical, and mineralogical properties with water retention and availability for the generation and validation of continuous point pedotransfer functions (PTFs) for soils of the State of Santa Catarina (SC) in the South of Brazil. Horizons of 44 profiles were sampled in areas under different cover crops and regions of SC, to determine: field capacity (FC, 10 kPa), permanent wilting point (PWP, 1,500 kPa), available water content (AW, by difference), saturated hydraulic conductivity, bulk density, aggregate stability, particle size distribution (seven classes), organic matter content, and particle density. Chemical and mineralogical properties were obtained from the literature. Spearman's rank correlation analysis and path analysis were used in the statistical analyses. The point PTFs for estimation of FC, PWP and AW were generated for the soil surface and subsurface through multiple regression analysis, followed by robust regression analysis, using two sets of predictive variables. Soils with finer texture and/or greater organic matter content retain more moisture, and organic matter is the property that mainly controls the water availability to plants in soil surface horizons. Path analysis was useful in understanding the relationships between soil properties for FC, PWP and AW. The predictive power of the generated PTFs to estimate FC and PWP was good for all horizons, while AW was best estimated by more complex models with better prediction for the surface horizons of soils in Santa Catarina.

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Distribution of organic carbon in Ultisol soils with citronella and pine vegetation, at Gayo Highlands, Aceh

IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science ◽

10.1088/1755-1315/951/1/012009 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 951 (1) ◽

pp. 012009

Author(s):

A Karim ◽

Hifnalisa ◽

Y Jufri ◽

Y D Fazlina ◽

Megawati

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Organic Carbon ◽

Soil Organic Carbon ◽

Soil Depth ◽

Soil Surface ◽

Soil Samples ◽

Soil Profiles ◽

Pine Tree ◽

Total Soil ◽

Pine Trees

Abstract Soil organic matter is an indicator of soil fertility. The purpose of this study was to analyse various forms of soil organic carbon in citronella plantation, citronella plantation under pine tree, and soil under pine tree. Soil organic carbon in various forms was analysed from soil samples taken from each horizon and soil profile. The soil profiles observed were ultisol profiles planted with citronella, citronella under pine tree, and under pine tree, and slopes; 0-8%, 8-15%, 15 -25%, and 25-40%, in order to obtain 12 soil profiles with a total of 39 soil samples. Ultisols planted with citronella had higher soil organic carbon than ultisols planted with citronella under pine tree and ultisols under pine trees. Based on the slope, the highest soil organic carbon was obtained in the soil with a slope of 0-8%, and decreased with increasing slope. Based on soil depth, the highest soil organic carbon was obtained in the upper horizon, compared to the horizon below. The highest total soil organic carbon was obtained at the soil surface horizon with a slope of 0-8% and citronella was planted. This pattern of total soil organic carbon is similar to that of sesquioxide bound organic carbon, but is not consistent with that of free clay bound organic carbon.

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Soil Structural Behavior as a Function of the Amount of Coverage of Maize and Oat Straw on Oxisol on Subtropical Region

Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.5539/jas.v11n7p246 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (7) ◽

pp. 246

Author(s):

Joaquim O. Pereira ◽

Valter B. Dantas ◽

Suedemio de L. Silva ◽

Rafael de O. Batista ◽

Roberto V. Pordeus ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Soil Depth ◽

Structural Parameters ◽

Soil Management ◽

Soil Surface ◽

Soil Bulk Density ◽

Agricultural Engineering ◽

Application Rates ◽

Oat Straw ◽

Positive Effect

It is undeniable which soil management systems with intensive use of machines and with little formation of organic matter result in the deterioration of the soil structure. The relation among the values of organic matter in the soil profile as function of the quantity of residue left on the soil surface during the harvest has been little documented. This evaluation will be very important to provide and to apply the best optimization model of the soil management system. The objective of this work was to value the contribution of the mulch cover of maize and oat straw, applied in the soil surface at different quantities and of the soil textural porosity at the change of the soil structural porosity. The experiment was carried out from August to November 2005 on a Oxisol, with clay texture, located at the Experiment Farm of Agricultural Engineering from the UNIOESTE, Cascavel, Paraná, Brazil (24°54′ S; 53°31′ W). The average soil texture in top 20 cm was 126, 195 and 679 g kg-1 of sand, silt and clay respectively. Aggregates sizes distribution, soil bulk density, particles density and textural density and soil organic matter were determined at the laboratory for evaluation of the soil structural parameters. For all conditions: application rates, and distribution in the layers of soil depth, the cover with oat straw produced more organic matter and presented a positive effect faster on the soil structural voids ratio than the coverage with maize straw.

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LYSIMETERS WITH RAINFALL AND SOIL WATER CONTROL

Hydrology Research ◽

10.2166/nh.1971.0006 ◽

1971 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 79-92 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

K. J. KRISTENSEN ◽

H. C. ASLYNG

Keyword(s):

Soil Moisture Content ◽

Soil Depth ◽

Irrigation System ◽

Drainage System ◽

Soil Surface ◽

Trickle Irrigation ◽

Water Control ◽

Radiation Equipment ◽

Different Depths ◽

Growth Experiments

The lysimeter installation described comprises 36 concrete tanks each with a soil surface of 4 m2. The installation is useful for plant growth experiments under natural conditions involving different treatment combined with various controlled water supplies. The ground installation is at least 20 cm below the soil surface and tillage can be done with field implements. The lysimeter tanks are provided with a drainage system which can drain the soil at the bottom (100 cm depth) to a tension of up to 100 cm. A constant ground-water table at less than 100 cm soil depth can also be maintained. The soil moisture content at different depths is determined from an underground tunnel by use of gamma radiation equipment in metal tubes horizontally installed in the soil. Rainfall is prevented by a movable glass roof automatically operated and controlled by a special rain sensor. Water is applied to the soil surface with a special trickle irrigation system consisting of a set of plastic tubes for each lysimeter tank and controlled from the tunnel. Fertilizers in controlled amount can be applied with the irrigation water.

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