Thermal comfort temperature update for broiler chickens up to 21 days of age

Due to changes in genetics and nutrition, as well as in acclimatization of broiler chickens to the Brazilian climate, temperature values currently accepted as optimal may be outdated. The objective of this research was to update the environment temperatures that characterize the thermal comfort for broilers chickens from one to 21 days of age, under Brazilian production conditions. This research was conducted with 600 COBB birds, which were distributed in five growth chambers maintained at different temperatures during the first three weeks of age. During the experimental period, temperature values were progressively reduced, consisting in five treatments: T2724/21, T30/27/24, T33/30/27, T36/33/30 and T39/36/33. It was observed that the birds maintained in the T30(27-24) treatment presented better performance compared to other environment conditions. Based on the obtained regression models, the environment temperature values that provide greater weighing gain for the broiler chicken growth in the initial period were 31.3, 25.5 and 21.8 ºC, respectively for the first, second and third week of age.

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Assessment of Physicochemical Characteristics and Microbiological Quality in Broiler Chicken Breast Muscle (Pectoralis major) Subjected to Different Temperatures and Lengths of Cold Transportation

Foods ◽

10.3390/foods10040874 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 874

Author(s):

Muhammad Nizam Hayat ◽

Ubedullah Kaka ◽

Awis Qurni Sazili

Keyword(s):

Broiler Chickens ◽

Broiler Chicken ◽

Food Poisoning ◽

Microbiological Quality ◽

Physicochemical Characteristics ◽

Left Breast ◽

Breast Muscle ◽

Chicken Breast ◽

Different Temperatures ◽

The Impact

Cold truck transportation is considered one of the most integral parts in a food processing chain. However, countless cases of product spoilage and food poisoning incidents have proven that temperature control during transport has been neglected. Literature on the impact of temperature during distribution is scarce. The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of various transportation temperatures and travel duration on the meat quality and microbial population of broiler chicken breast muscle. Sixty broiler chickens (42 days old) were slaughtered and eviscerated; they then had their breast muscles removed (each bird provided two breast muscle samples: left breast and right breast), which were wrapped in plastic film. All 120 packed boneless breasts (PBBs) were then placed at −18 °C for 24 h. After 24 h, the 60 PBB samples were subjected to transportation for 1 h at 4 °C (20 PBBs), 10 °C (20 PBBs), and 15 °C (20 PBBs) while the remaining 60 samples were transported for 5 h at 4 °C (20 PBBs), 10 °C (20 PBBs), and 15 °C (20 PBBs) before analyses. The samples transported at higher temperatures exhibited higher populations of coliform and Salmonella than those transported at lower temperatures. A significant impact of the transportation duration on the Salmonella population was only observed in samples transported at 4 °C for 5 h. However, a significant impact of transportation temperature on color was only recorded for the redness (a*) values, where the samples transported at higher temperatures exhibited higher redness (a*) values. Significant increases in lightness (L*) and yellowness (b*) values as well as decreases in redness (a*) and pH values were recorded in samples subjected to longer durations of transportation across all the temperatures observed in this study.

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Validation of histological and visual scoring systems for foot-pad dermatitis in broiler chickens

Animal Welfare ◽

10.7120/09627286.29.2.185 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 29 (2) ◽

pp. 185-196 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

A Piller ◽

S Bergmann ◽

A Schwarzer ◽

M Erhard ◽

J Stracke ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Regression Models ◽

Broiler Chickens ◽

Broiler Chicken ◽

Assessment Tool ◽

Scoring Systems ◽

Assessment Protocol ◽

Visual Scoring ◽

Welfare Quality ◽

Foot Pad ◽

Microscopic Findings

In this study, an appropriate visual scoring system for foot-pad dermatitis was validated, considering the histologically measured depth of the inflammation zone and the histopathological grade (no lesion, mild lesion, ulcer). The aim being to evaluate whether the visual, macroscopic scoring of foot-pad dermatitis can represent the histological, microscopic findings. Two hundred Ross 308 broiler chicken feet (birds aged 39–42 fattening days) were collected at a slaughterhouse and scored macroscopically according to a modified version of the Welfare Quality® Assessment Protocol for Poultry. Afterwards, 200 histological slides (one per foot) were prepared, the extent of the inflammation measured and all slides scored by veterinarian pathologists using Michel et al's modified scheme. The statistical relationship between microscopic and macroscopic score and depth of inflammation were estimated via regression models. Increasing macroscopic score was found to be linked with an increase in microscopic score and the depth of inflammation. In particular, feet without lesions and feet with ulcers were identifiable using the macroscopic score. Macroscopic scoring of foot-pad dermatitis can mirror histological findings once certain limitations are taken into account (superficial lesions were not clearly identifiable). Foot-pad dermatitis is considered a useful indicator of animal welfare and our findings suggest that visual, macroscopic scoring could be a practicable assessment tool.

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Protein Mass and Calcium Mass of Broiler Chicken with Added Nucleotides at Different Maintenance Temperatures

Jurnal Sain Peternakan Indonesia ◽

10.31186/jspi.id.16.3.233-238 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (3) ◽

pp. 233-238

Author(s):

I. Rahmawati ◽

L .D. Mahfudz ◽

S. Kismiati

Keyword(s):

Protein Content ◽

Broiler Chickens ◽

Broiler Chicken ◽

Calcium Content ◽

The Body ◽

Broiler Meat ◽

Nucleotide Synthesis ◽

Protein Mass ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Different Temperatures

This study aims to examine the effect of adding nucleotides in broiler rations on the protein mass and calcium mass of broiler chicken reared at different temperatures. The material used was 135 broiler chickens aged 15 days with a weight of 462.20 ± 9 grams of unsex Ross strain and nucleotides imported from China produced by CBH Co. Ltd., China. The study used a completely randomized design (CRD) with a 3x3 factorial pattern with 5 replications. The treatment was carried out at the age of 15-35 days. The treatment given was the first factor adding nucleotides (T0 = nucleotides 0 g/kg feed, T1 = nucleotides 0.5 g/kg feed, T2 = nucleotides 1 g/kg feed) and the second factor was temperature (Heat = S1 = 30 – 32?, Comfortable = S2 = 20 – 23?, Natural = S3 = 24 – 34?). Parameters observed were protein content, calcium content, protein mass, and calcium mass of broiler chicken meat. The research data were analyzed using the F test of variance analysis, if there was a real treatment effect, then Duncan's test was continued. The results showed that there was no interaction between the addition of nucleotides with different maintenance temperatures on protein content, calcium content, protein mass, and calcium mass of meat. Nucleotide 0.05 g had a significant effect (P<0.05) on the protein content of the meat, the natural rearing temperature significantly affected the calcium content of the meat and the comfortable temperature had a significant effect on the protein mass of broiler meat. This study concludes that the addition of 0.05 g of nucleotides can meet the needs of nucleotide synthesis in the body of broiler chickens by increasing the protein content of the meat.

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Utilization of Cassava Roots as a Source of Energy in Broiler Chicken feed and its effects on Blood chemistry and Digestibility

10.51527/v2i1.9me ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 57-64

Keyword(s):

Broiler Chickens ◽

Broiler Chicken ◽

Hematological Parameters ◽

Experimental Period ◽

Protein Digestibility ◽

Blood Chemistry ◽

Broiler Chicks ◽

Feed Digestibility ◽

Dietary Treatments ◽

The Impact

The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of using different levels of cassava roots as a source of energy in diets of broiler chicken and its effects on blood chemistry and digestibility. The experiment was conducted in Kenana Poultry Farm for Research and Development. Complete Randomized Design was used. A total of 160, unsexed one- day old (Ross308) broiler chicks were randomly divided into four dietary treatments. The treatments contain 0%, 15%, 25% and 40 % cassava roots of the total rations. Each treatment was sub-divided into four replicates: with each having 10 experimental birds. All diets were formulated according to (NRC) to meet the nutrient requirements of the broiler chickens. The results revealed that all parameters value of blood chemistry (Calcium, Phosphorus, Albumin, Triglyceride, Cholesterol and Total protein) was not affected significantly (P≥0.05) by the usage cassava roots in diets fed to broiler chickens throughout the experimental period, except for Glucose. The hematological parameters were not affected by dietary treatments of cassava roots. The parameters of digestibility in obtained results were significantly affected by the using of cassava roots in diets fed to broiler chickens in fat and crude protein digestibility which was higher (p≤0.05) in group received 25% cassava roots. However, there was no significant (P≥0.05) difference in feed digestibility.

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The quantity of abdominal fat in broiler chicken of different genotypes from fifth to seventh week of age

Biotechnology in Animal Husbandry ◽

10.2298/bah0702331n ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 23 (5-6-2) ◽

pp. 331-338 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

N. Nikolova ◽

Z. Pavlovski ◽

N. Milosevic ◽

L. Peric

Keyword(s):

Body Mass ◽

Broiler Chickens ◽

Broiler Chicken ◽

Abdominal Fat ◽

The Body ◽

Random Selection ◽

Intensive Rearing ◽

Production Conditions ◽

Technical Recommendations

In this work quantity of abdominal fat (weight and portion) was examined in broilers of two genotypes in the fifth, sixth and seventh week of their growth. The examination was carried out in production conditions, in the facility for commercial fattening of broilers chickens, so all technical recommendations related to intensive rearing of chickens were provided. Broilers Cobb 500 and Hubbard Classic which were housed in separate boxes (8 boxes for each genotype) were used as a material. Forty male chickens and forty female chickens at the 5, 6 and 7 weeks of age were selected for slaughtering by random selection, so 240 all together sacrificed chickens were prepared for further treatment. By cutting of the carcasses, abdominal fat was removed and measured, and it was put in proportion to the body mass before slaughtering and in this way the share of abdominal fat was obtained. All data was statistically processed by the subprogram Basic Statistic and Anova. The chickens of the genotype Hubbard had significantly higher share (0,96%) and insignificantly higher weight (19,47g) of abdominal fat than Cobb 500 (0,83% and 17,16g). Female chickens of both genotypes in the examination had significantly higher weight (19,84g) and share (0,96%) of abdominal fat in carcass then male broilers. Chickens at the age of 49 days had statistically significantly higher abdominal fat than the chick at the age of 42 and 35 days in absolute (25,35g) and relative values (1,06%). This confirms the importance of the examined factors on the amount of abdominal fat in carcass of broiler chickens.

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Adjust of regression models to estimate the rectal temperature of broilers for the first 14 days of life

Engenharia Agrícola ◽

10.1590/s0100-69162012000100002 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 32 (1) ◽

pp. 10-20 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Patrícia F. Ponciano ◽

Tadayuki Yanagi Junior ◽

Renato R. de Lima ◽

Leonardo Schiassi ◽

Vitor H. Teixeira

Keyword(s):

Thermal Comfort ◽

Rectal Temperature ◽

Regression Models ◽

Broiler Chickens ◽

Physiological Responses ◽

Thermal Conditions ◽

Meteorological Variable ◽

Comfort Index ◽

Commercial Poultry ◽

Humidity Index

The broiler rectal temperature (t rectal) is one of the most important physiological responses to classify the animal thermal comfort. Therefore, the aim of this study was to adjust regression models in order to predict the rectal temperature (t rectal) of broiler chickens under different thermal conditions based on age (A) and a meteorological variable (air temperature - t air) or a thermal comfort index (temperature and humidity index -THI or black globe humidity index - BGHI) or a physical quantity enthalpy (H). In addition, through the inversion of these models and the expected t rectal intervals for each age, the comfort limits of t air, THI, BGHI and H for the chicks in the heating phase were determined, aiding in the validation of the equations and the preliminary limits for H. The experimental data used to adjust the mathematical models were collected in two commercial poultry farms, with Cobb chicks, from 1 to 14 days of age. It was possible to predict the t rectal of conditions from the expected t rectal and determine the lower and superior comfort thresholds of broilers satisfactorily by applying the four models adjusted; as well as to invert the models for prediction of the environmental H for the chicks first 14 days of life.

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Kualitas Fisik Daging Ayam Broiler yang Diberi Minyak Buah Merah dalam Pakan Komersial

Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Peternakan Tropis ◽

10.33772/jitro.v6i1.5806 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 20

Author(s):

Abdul Rahman Ollong ◽

Rizki Arizona ◽

Rusli Badaruddin

Keyword(s):

Moisture Content ◽

Broiler Chickens ◽

Broiler Chicken ◽

Ph Value ◽

Cooking Loss ◽

Water Holding Capacity ◽

Broiler Meat ◽

Fruit Oil ◽

Water Holding ◽

Range Test

ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penambahan minyak buah merah (MBM) pada pakan terhadap kualitas fisik daging ayam broiler. Seratus ekor ayam broiler umur sehari (DOC) ditempatkan pada lima kelompok perlakuan pakan yang berbeda, yaitu: P1 (pakan kontrol/tanpa penambahan minyak), P2 (2% MBM), P3 (4% MBM), P4 (6% MBM) dan P5 (6% Minyak kelapa sawit). Setiap kelompok perlakuan terdiri dari empat ulangan masing-masing dengan lima ekor. Ayam broiler dipelihara selama 35 hari. Rancangan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan analisis variansi pola searah dan diuji lanjut dengan Duncan’s New Multiple Range Test (DMRT). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa semua variable yang diamati menunjukkan adanya pengaruh nyata (P<0,05) terhadap perlakuan yang diberikan. Dari hasil penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa penggunaan minyak buah merah (MBM) dalam pakan mampu memberikan pengaruh terhadap pH Daging, Daya Ikat Air (DIA), susut masak dan keempukan daging ayam broiler.Kata kunci : daging ayam broiler, daya ikat air, keempukan daging, pH daging, susut masakABSTRACT The experiment was conducted to study the effect of red fruit oil (RFO) onphysical quality of broiler chicken. One hundred day old chicken (DOC) were placed in four groups of different treatments, of from levels of RFO (P1 (diet without addition of RFO), P2 (2% RFO), P3 (4% RFO) and P4 (6% RFO) and P5 (6% Palm oil)). The treatment group consisted of fivereplications with five birds each. Broiler chickens were reared for 35 days. Statistical analysis used Completely Randomized Design (CRD) and followed by Duncan’s New Multiple Range Test (DMRT). The results showed that the pH value, moisture content, water holding capacity, and cooking loss was significant differences. It could be concluded that the addition of red fruit oil in the diet give effect of broiler chicken meat.Keywords: broiler meat, cooking loss, moisture content, pH value, water holding capacity

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Quality Characteristics of Broiler Chicken Meat on Salt at Different Temperatures

International Journal of Food Properties ◽

10.1080/10942910801993858 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 12 (3) ◽

pp. 681-690 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Ann S. Mothershaw ◽

Taghreed Gaffer ◽

Isam Kadim ◽

Nejib Guizani ◽

Issa Al-Amri ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Broiler Chicken ◽

Quality Characteristics ◽

Chicken Meat ◽

Different Temperatures

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POTATO WASTE MEAL. II. THE NUTRITIVE VALUE AND QUALITY FOR BROILER CHICKEN

Canadian Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.4141/cjas82-137 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 62 (4) ◽

pp. 1171-1180 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

H. W. HULAN ◽

F. G. PROUDFOOT ◽

C. G. ZARKADAS

Keyword(s):

Broiler Chickens ◽

Broiler Chicken ◽

Nutritive Value ◽

Biological Response ◽

Aromatic Amino Acids ◽

Growth Responses ◽

Potato Waste ◽

Two Factors ◽

Poultry Diets ◽

Ad Libitum Feeding

Two experiments were carried out to ascertain the nutritional value of potato waste meal (PW) as a replacement for corn in practical poultry diets using 320 male and 320 female Cobb chicks fed from 1-day-old to 46 days (exp. 1) and 49 days (exp. 2) a basal cereal-based diet containing soybean and fishmeals or test diets each containing 50 g, 100 g, 150 g, 200 g and 300 g PW/kg. In both experiments, the diets were analyzed for elemental and amino acid composition, and the growth responses on the test diets were evaluated individually over a period of 28 days and 46 days or 49 days of ad libitum feeding. Although PW appeared limiting with respect to methionine and cystine, arginine and the aromatic amino acids, it was found that upon supplementation with methionine (0.5 g/kg), the test mixtures exhibited a synergistic effect compared with controls, and that this potato byproduct can be considered a good substitute ingredient for a proportion (200 g/kg) of the ground corn in a practical diet for broiler chickens. Feeding PW at a rate of up to 200 g/kg resulted in optimum biological response and monetary returns. The inclusion of up to 300 g/kg PW in the diets did not increase wetness of the litter or hardness of pellets, two factors reported earlier which could limit the use of PW in animal diets. Key words: Potato waste, nutritive value, broiler chicken

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In vitro effect of ochratoxin A and deoxynivalenol on the expression of interleukin 5 and interferon-gamma in broiler chicken lymphocytes

World Mycotoxin Journal ◽

10.3920/wmj2014.1852 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 299-304 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

C. Lautert ◽

L. Ferreiro ◽

M.I. Azevedo ◽

S.A. Botton ◽

J.T. Santos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ochratoxin A ◽

Interferon Gamma ◽

Broiler Chickens ◽

Broiler Chicken ◽

Fungal Metabolites ◽

Interleukin 5 ◽

T Helper 2 ◽

Ifn Γ ◽

Vitro Effect

Cytokines are proteins secreted by cells of innate and acquired immunity, produced in response to various antigens and responsible for mediating several function of these cells. Our study evaluated the profile of cytokines interleukin 5 (IL-5) and interferon gamma (IFN-γ), induced in lymphocytes of broiler chickens in response to secondary fungal metabolites ochratoxin A (OTA) and deoxynivalenol (DON) at concentrations of 0.001, 0.01, 0.1 and 1 μg/ml. The quantification of the cytokines was analysed at 24, 48 and 72 h after incubation with mycotoxins, using real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). The results obtained showed that OTA induced mRNA synthesis of IL-5 at concentrations 0.001, 0.1 and 1 μg/ml after 24 h of lymphocyte incubation, while at 48 h only the expression of the IL-5 cytokine at a concentration of 1 μg/ml (P<0.05) was detected. DON in a concentration of 1 μg/ml induced the expression of IL-5 in the lymphocytes only at 48 h post-incubation period (P<0.05). Regarding IFN-γ, gene expression was not observed in the lymphocytes of broiler chickens incubated with OTA and DON. The data obtained represent a profile of response mediated by T helper 2 cells to the exposure of broiler chicken immune cells to different concentrations of OTA and DON.

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