Contamination of Carcasses and Utensils in Small Swine Slaughterhouses by Salmonella in the Northwestern Region of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

ABSTRACT Salmonella is a major foodborne pathogen that constantly threatens food safety in developed countries and underdeveloped countries such as Brazil, where it is responsible for 38% of notified cases of foodborne illness. Swine are one of the main meat-producing species that may asymptomatically carry Salmonella, periodically shedding the bacteria through feces. The state of Rio de Janeiro is not a major producer of swine meat, but small slaughterhouses are operational and produce meat for consumption within the state, although few studies have been conducted in the region. In this context, this study was designed to evaluate Salmonella contamination in carcasses, lymph nodes, feces, utensils, and the environment of three small slaughterhouses in the state of Rio de Janeiro. A total of 344 samples from carcasses, utensils, equipment, water, and the environment were collected from these slaughterhouses in the northwestern region of Rio de Janeiro. Salmonella was isolated from 36 (10.5%) samples: 10 of 48 carcasses, 19 of 96 lymph nodes, 4 of 48 fecal samples, 2 of 6 water samples, and 1 of 6 bleeding knives; 55 isolates were recovered. Serotyping revealed the predominance of Salmonella Typhimurium (20 isolates) followed by Salmonella Abony (10 isolates), Salmonella Give (7 isolates), Salmonella Heidelberg (4 isolates), and Salmonella Infantis (1 isolate). Ten isolates were only partially typeable, with only their O antigen identified, and three isolates had rough, nontypeable colonies. Despite the overall low prevalence of Salmonella in this study, all three slaughterhouses had poor hygienic and sanitary conditions, providing easy routes for carcass and, consequently, meat contamination. Thus, it is imperative to enforce sanitary inspections in these establishments and to apply good manufacture practices to assure the safety of the produced pork.

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Animal infections by vaccinia-like viruses in the state of Rio de Janeiro: an expanding disease

Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira ◽

10.1590/s0100-736x2009000700004 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 29 (7) ◽

pp. 509-514 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Hermann G. Schatzmayr ◽

Bruno R. Simonetti ◽

Danielle C. Abreu ◽

José P. Simonetti ◽

Sandra R. Simonetti ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dairy Cattle ◽

Rio De Janeiro ◽

Close Contact ◽

Vero Cells ◽

The State ◽

Economic Losses ◽

Virus Infections ◽

Wild Rodents ◽

Tissue Samples ◽

Northwestern Region

In the present study we investigated the presence of infections by vaccinia-like viruses in dairy cattle from 12 counties in the state of Rio de Janeiro in the last 9 years. Clinical specimens were collected from adult animals with vesicular/pustular lesions mainly in the udder and teats, and from calves with lesions around the nose and mouth. A plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT) was applied to search for antibodies to Orthopoxvirus; the vesicular/pustular fluids and scabs were examined by PCR, electron microscopy (EM) and by inoculation in VERO cells for virus isolation. Antibodies to Orthopoxvirus were detected in most cases. The PCR test indicated a high nucleotide homology among the isolates and the vaccinia viruses (VACV) used as controls. By EM, typical orthopoxvirus particles were observed in some specimens. The agents isolated in tissue culture were confirmed as vaccinia-like viruses by EM and PCR. The HA gene of the vaccinia-like Cantagalo/IOC virus isolated in our laboratory was sequenced and compared with other vaccinia-like isolates, showing high homology with the original Cantagalo strain, both strains isolated in 1999 from dairy cattle. Antibodies to Orthopoxvirus were detected in one wild rodent (genus Akodon sp.) collected in the northwestern region of the state, indicating the circulation of poxvirus in this area. Nonetheless, PCR applied to tissue samples collected from the wild rodents were negative. Vesicular/pustular lesions in people in close contact with animals have been also recorded. Thus, the vaccinia-like virus infections in cattle and humans in the state seem to be an expanding condition, resulting in economic losses to dairy herds and leading to transient incapacitating human disease. Therefore, a possible immunization of the dairy cattle in the state should be carefully evaluated.

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The impact of violence on tourism to Rio de Janeiro

International Journal of Social Economics ◽

10.1108/ijse-09-2019-0590 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 47 (4) ◽

pp. 425-443 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Gabriel Caldas Montes ◽

Solimar de Pinho Bernabé

Keyword(s):

Developing Countries ◽

Panel Data ◽

Peer Review ◽

Rio De Janeiro ◽

Developed Countries ◽

The State ◽

Urban Violence ◽

Content Type ◽

Tourism Potential ◽

The Impact

PurposeRio de Janeiro has a high tourism potential, and it is the only Brazilian city among the 100 most visited in the world. However, the National Confederation of Commerce of Goods, Services and Tourism estimates that from the total loss of revenue from tourism activities of the State of Rio de Janeiro in 2017, approximately 29 percent of this loss can be attributed to increased violence in the State. Thus, this study aims to estimate the impact of violence on tourist arrivals to Rio de Janeiro.Design/methodology/approachThe analysis is based on a sample of tourist arrivals to Rio de Janeiro from 51 countries, for the period between 2003 and 2016. Violence is represented by violent deaths in the State of Rio de Janeiro as well as in the capital. The estimates are based on panel data methodology. This study reports fixed-effect estimates as well as dynamic panel data estimates obtained through S-GMM. The study runs regressions for the full sample and also for two other samples: one with tourists coming from developed countries and another with tourists from developing countries.FindingsThe results reveal that violence negatively impacts tourism to Rio, and it shows that tourists from developed countries are more affected by violence than tourists from developing countries. The findings indicate that for each violent death in the capital of Rio de Janeiro, almost four tourists from developed countries and approximately three tourists from developing countries quit going to Rio de Janeiro.Originality/valueThe paper is one of the few to investigate the impacts of urban violence on tourism. The paper provides two contributions. First, it addresses the effect of violent deaths on tourism, bringing evidence to a destination with a high tourism potential, but which suffers from urban violence. Second, the study is the first to investigate whether this relation is different for tourists from countries with distinct levels of development (and thus with different levels of violence).Peer reviewThe peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/IJSE-09-2019-0590

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ANIMAL INFECTIONS BY VACCINIA-LIKE VIRUSES IN THE STATE OF RIO DE JANEIRO: 1- NORTHWESTERN REGION

VIRUS Reviews & Research ◽

10.17525/vrr.v12i1-2.10 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 12 (1-2) ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

B. R. Simonetti ◽

D. C. Abreu ◽

J. P. Simonetti ◽

M. C. R. Gonçalves ◽

M. E. V. Silva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rio De Janeiro ◽

The State ◽

Northwestern Region

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Prevalence and geographic distribution of haemophilia in Costa Rica

Hämostaseologie ◽

10.1055/s-0037-1619065 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 30 (S 01) ◽

pp. S28-S31 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

J. Arroyo ◽

L. Salazar-Sánchez ◽

G. Jiménez-Cruz ◽

P. Chaverri ◽

E. Arrieta-Bolaños ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Costa Rica ◽

Survival Rates ◽

Coagulation Factors ◽

Developed Countries ◽

Health Centers ◽

Distribution Analysis ◽

Distribution Maps ◽

Immunodeficiency Virus ◽

The Many ◽

Low Prevalence

SummaryHaemophilia is the most frequent hereditary haemorrhagic illness and it is due to the deficiency of coagulation factors VIII (haemophilia A, HA) or IX (haemophilia B, HB).The prevalence of this disease varies according to the country, those having better survival rates having also higher prevalences. Specifically in Costa Rica, there are around 130 HA and 30 HB families. This study reports the prevalence and a spatial distribution analysis of both types of the disease in this country. The prevalence of haemophilia in this country is 7 cases per 100 000 men, for HA it is 6 cases per 100 000 and for HB it is 1 case per 100 000 male inhabitants. The prevalence of this disease is low when compared with other populations. This low prevalence could be due to the many patients that have died because of infection with human immunodeficiency virus during the 1980s. The prevalence of haemophilia in Costa Rica is almost one half of that present in developed countries. Nevertheless, the ratio between HA and HB follows world tendency: 5 : 1. In this study, nationwide geographical distribution maps were drawn in order to visualize the origin of severe cases and how this influences the pattern of distribution for both types of haemophilia. By means of these maps, it was possible to state that there is no association between the sites of maximum prevalence of mutated alleles and ethnicity. With this study, haemophilia prevalence distribution maps can be used to improve efforts for the establishment of hemophilia clinics or specialized health centers in those areas which hold the highest prevalences in this country. Also, this knowledge can be applied to improve treatment skills and offer the possibility of developing focused genetic counseling for these populations.

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Integração local da população refugiada no estado do Rio de Janeiro:

Revista Prumo ◽

10.24168/revistaprumo.v4i6.1179 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 4 (6) ◽

pp. 42-53

Author(s):

Ariane Rego de Paiva ◽

Roberta Gomes Thomé

Keyword(s):

Rio De Janeiro ◽

Social Protection ◽

The State ◽

Refugee Population ◽

Local Integration

This work presents a problematization about the local integration of refugees as one of the lasting solutions proposed by the UNHCR and the present challenges for the consolidation of policies of social protection for this segment in the state of Rio de Janeiro. This study was made through the bibliographic analisis and systematization of a workshop about the thematics carried with governamental and non-governamental agents and leaderships in the refugee population in the occasion of the seminar Mobility Crossroads: knowledge and practices in protection policies for refugee populations and migrants in vulnerable situation, which occurred in November 2017, organized by Cátedra Sérgio Vieira de Mello of PUC-Rio.

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On the issue of the revitalization and modernization of the engineering in Russia

Scientific bulletin of the Southern Institute of Management ◽

10.31775/2305-3100-2019-3-19-24 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 19-24

Author(s):

A. E. Melnikov

Keyword(s):

National Economy ◽

Technological Progress ◽

Developed Countries ◽

The State ◽

Engineering Technology ◽

Operational Characteristics ◽

Technical Potential ◽

Significant Barrier ◽

The Developed Countries ◽

Competitive Products

Currently, one of the important tasks of the economic policy of Russia is the formation of a hightech image of the national economy, capable of effective functioning in the changing global geopolitical and geoeconomic conditions. In this context, the issue of revitalization of mechanical engineering, which plays a key role in the development of the country’s economy, is of particular relevance. This sector is a link between scientific and technological progress and the level of provision of domestic producers with domestic machines and equipment, allowing them to produce competitive products and to a lesser extent depend on the state of the external environment. The example of the developed countries of the world shows that the development of advanced engineering technology significantly increases the efficiency of the national economy, helps to accelerate its growth. At the same time, in Russia, in order to unleash the scientific and technical potential and activate engineering, it is necessary to initiate modernization processes in it. Based on the foregoing, the purpose of the study is to analyze the state of Russian engineering from the position of its role in the country’s economy. It is shown that at present a significant barrier to the development of this sector is the predominance of imported equipment, due to technical and operational characteristics, often superior to domestic counterparts.

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ЦИФРОВАЯ ТРАНСФОРМАЦИЯ ЭКОНОМИКИ РОССИИ:УГРОЗЫ И ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ

Sbornik izbrannyh statei po materialam nauchnyh konferencii GNII "Nacrazvitie" (Sankt-Peterburg, Mart 2020) ◽

10.37539/mar184.2020.21.85.007 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

T.B. Mikulin ◽

IU.S. Panov ◽

L.I. Krugliak

Keyword(s):

Digital Technologies ◽

Developed Countries ◽

Digital Economy ◽

The State ◽

Modern Trend ◽

State And Society ◽

Radical Transformation

развитие цифровых технологий сформировало современный тренд к переходу на цифровую экономику для многих развитых государств, что требует кардинального трансформирования многих сфер деятельности государства и обществаthe Development of digital technologies has formed a modern trend towards the transition to a digital economy for many developed countries, which requires a radical transformation of many areas of activity of the state and society.

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Locaaao De Bens E Serviios De Informmtica No Estado Do Rio De Janeiro (Rental of Informatics Goods and Services in the State of Rio De Janeiro)

SSRN Electronic Journal ◽

10.2139/ssrn.2618457 ◽

2014 ◽

Author(s):

Andrr Saddy

Keyword(s):

Rio De Janeiro ◽

The State ◽

Goods And Services

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Reform of the system of development institutions of the Far East: directions and tasks

POWER AND ADMINISTRATION IN THE EAST OF RUSSIA ◽

10.22394/1818-4049-2020-93-4-101-108 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 93 (4) ◽

pp. 101-108

Author(s):

I. S. Khvan ◽

Keyword(s):

Regional Development ◽

Russian Federation ◽

Far East ◽

Developed Countries ◽

The State ◽

Market Failures ◽

The Far East ◽

Development Institutions ◽

State Corporation ◽

The Russian Federation

Development institutions are an important modern instrument of government regulation of the economy in all developed countries. The system of development institutions of the Russian Federation includes the federal and regional development institutions. Key federal development institutions include such well-known state corporations as the investment fund of the Russian Federation; the State Corporation "Bank for Development and Foreign Economic Activity (Vnesheconombank)"; the state corporation "Russian Corporation of Nanotechnologies," etc. According to experts of the Ministry of Economic Development of the Russian Federation, about 200 regional development institutions operate on the territory of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. The objectives of this extensive system of development institutions so far have been to overcome the so-called "market failures," which cannot be optimally realized by the market mechanisms, and to promote the sustained economic growth of a country or an individual region. In November 2020, the Government of the Russian Federation announced the reform of the system of development institutions in the country. The article analyzes the goals and main directions of the announced reform. On the example of the system of development institutions of the Far East, an attempt was made to assess its possible consequences.

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