scholarly journals Selectivity of Iodosulfuron-Methyl to Oat Cultivars

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
A.R.S. QUEIROZ, ◽  
R.A. VIDAL, ◽  
I.C. NAVA, ◽  
M.T. PACHECO, ◽  
L.C. FEDERIZZI, ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Cereal Crop ◽  
Oat Cultivars ◽  
Herbicide Detoxification ◽  
Methyl Effect ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACT Weeds are among the main constraints to high grain yield on hexaploid oat (Avena sativa), but there are few herbicides registered for weed control on this cereal crop. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the impact of the iodosulfuron-methyl on grain yield of elite oat cultivars and investigate the mechanism of oat tolerance to this herbicide. A field experiment conducted in 2012 demonstrated there was no difference on grain yield between cultivars URS Guará and URS Guria, when iodosulfuron-methyl was used up to 4.5 g ha-1. Likewise, experiments from 2013 have demonstrated that iodosulfuron-methyl, at 5 g ha-1, did not affect the oat grain yield of the genotype UFRGS 14, but affected it on the cultivars URS Guará and URS Guria. In 2014, the oat grain yield of five cultivars, including URS Guará, URS Guria and UFRGS 14 was reduced by iodosulfuron-methyl even at only 2.5 g ha-1. The activity of the ALS enzyme, extracted from oat plants, was sensitive to iodosulfuron-methyl. The increment of the iodosulfuron-methyl effect on oat plants treated with herbicide-detoxification inhibitors (malathion + chlorpyrifos), or the reduction of the herbicide efficacy in plants sprayed with the stimulator of detoxification (mefenpyr-diethyl), suggest that iodosulfuron-methyl degradation is the mechanism involved on its selectivity to oat plants.

Organic weed control in white lupin (Lupinus albus L.)

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 193-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Folgart ◽  
A. J. Price ◽  
E. van Santen ◽  
G. R. Wehtje
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Conventional Treatment ◽  
Lupinus Albus ◽  
White Lupin ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Mechanical Hand ◽  
Oat Cultivars ◽  
Alternative Weed Control ◽  
Lupinus Albus L

AbstractLegumes such as white lupin (Lupinus albus L.) provide a valuable nitrogen source in organic agriculture. With organic farming hectarage increasing and white lupin interest increasing in the southeastern USA due to newly released winter hardy cultivars, non-chemical weed control practices in lupin are needed. A two-year experiment was established at two locations in Alabama. Five weed control practices were evaluated: one pre-emergence (PRE)-applied herbicide (S-metolachlor), two mechanical (hand hoed) and two cultural (living mulch utilizing two black oat cultivars) weed control treatments. Fourteen weed species were encountered. S-metolachlor provided above 80% control of most weed species present in this experiment. The cultivation treatments and black oat companion crops also provided good weed control of many of the weeds encountered. Crop injury of all treatments was low on a 0 to 10 scale with 0 representing no injury: <2.0, <1.3 and <1.2 by S-metolachlor, the cultivation treatments and the black oat companion crops, respectively. Grain yield of cultivars ABL 1082, AU Alpha and AU Homer were 1540, 1130, 850 kg ha−1, respectively, when treated with the conventional treatment, S-metolachlor. Grain yield in the organic treatments was equivalent. The cultivation treatments and black oat companions were successful alternative weed control practices in white lupin production.

scholarly journals Impact of sowing methods and weed control practices on yield and economics of wet direct seeded rice

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 375-383
Author(s):  
BS Satapathy ◽  
B Duary ◽  
Sanjoy Saha ◽  
S Munda ◽  
D Chatterjee
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Direct Seeding ◽  
Weed Competition ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Cyperus Difformis ◽  
Control Options ◽  
Direct Seeded ◽  
Crop Weed Competition

Wet direct seeding is proved as a viable alternate to conventional transplanting method of rice. Maintenance of optimum population by adopting an appropriate sowing method followed by judicious weed control practices ensures profitability of wet direct seeded rice (W-DSR). A field experiment was carried out to find out a suitable sowing technique and weed control options for enhancing productivity and economics of W-DSR. The W-DSR was infested with twelve numbers of weed species comprising of eight families under different sowing methods. The composition of sedges, broadleaved (BLW) and grassy weeds was 83.07, 11.0 and 5.93%, respectively. Irrespective of sowing methods, weeds such as, Echinochloa glabrescens and Leptochloa chinensis among grasses, Cyperus difformis and Scirpus juncoides among sedges and Lindernia anagallis among BLW were dominant. Drum seeding recorded 6.9 and 12.7% higher gross and net return, respectively than broadcasting, but it was at par with spot seeding. Highest B: C ratio of 2.07 was recorded with drum seeding, whereas spot seeding recorded lowest B: C ratio (1.99). Crop-weed competition caused 31.7% reduction in grain yield with W-DSR. Application of early post-emergent herbicide bensulfuron-methyl + pretilachlor @ 60+600 g/ha at 10 DAS, azimsulfuron @ 35 g/ha at 20 DAS, and bispyribac sodium @ 30 g/ha at 20 DAS recorded increase in grain yield 40.3, 40.1 and 39.8%, respectively over the weedy check. Ready mix bensulfuron-methyl + pretilachlor @ 60+600 g/ha at 10 DAS registered highest B: C ratio (2.16) but it did not vary significantly with bispyribac sodium @ 30 g/ha and azimsulfuron @ 35 g/ha.

Kochia (Kochia scoparia) Interference with Oat (Avena sativa)

1996 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 522-525 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank A. Manthey ◽  
Gary A. Hareland ◽  
Richard K. Zollinger ◽  
Donna J. Huseby
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Lipid Content ◽  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Test Weight ◽  
Kochia Scoparia ◽  
Yield And Quality

A field experiment was conducted over five years to determine the effect of season-long kochia interference on oat yield and quality. Kochia interference did not affect oat height, test weight, 500-kernel weight, or groat percentage. Similarly, ash, starch, and total β-glucan percentages in oat groat were not affected by kochia interference. Oat grain yield was reduced in 1991 and 1994 by 30 kochia plants/m2, the highest density. Lipid and protein content were not affected by kochia except in 1992 where protein content was reduced and lipid content was increased by kochia.

Herbicide efficacy for control of annual ryegrass (Lolium rigidum Gaud.) is influenced more by wheat seeding rate than row spacing

2013 ◽  
Vol 64 (7) ◽  
pp. 708 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deirdre Lemerle ◽  
Peter Lockley ◽  
Eric Koetz ◽  
Simon Diffey
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Herbicide Resistance ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Competitive Ability ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Lolium Rigidum ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
The Impact

Conservation cropping systems with no-till and stubble retention improve soil condition and water conservation. However, tillage is replaced by herbicides for weed control in these systems, increasing the threat of herbicide resistance. In the medium to high rainfall zones of the southern wheatbelt of Australia and under irrigation, wider row spacing is used to enable seeding into heavy stubble loads and to avoid stubble burning. Some evidence suggests that wider rows lead to reduced crop competitive ability and crop yields, greater herbicide dependence, and increased spread of resistance. Our aim was to test the hypothesis that increasing seeding rate compensated for reduced competitive ability at wider row spacings, especially when herbicide performance was suboptimal. We examined the impact of two wheat row spacings (18 and 36 cm) and five seeding rates (resulting in a range of densities of ~80–700 plants/m2) on control of Lolium rigidum with five rates of post-emergence application of diclofop-methyl (Hoegrass®), ranging from label rate to lower rates, over two growing seasons. In the presence of L. rigidum, wheat grain yield was unaffected by row spacing but was significantly reduced at low seeding rates, especially at lower herbicide rates. Lolium rigidum was suppressed at higher crop densities but was also unaffected by row spacing. Grain yield was maximised when post-emergence herbicide was applied at 60–100% of the recommended dose at wheat densities >~300 plants/m2. Significant levels of the weed remained in the crop at anthesis in all treatments. Weed dry matter ranged from 525 g/m2 at low crop densities and with no herbicide to 150 g/m2 with the recommended rate of herbicide and high wheat densities. The implications of manipulating crop competitive ability to improve weed control are discussed, especially in conditions where herbicide performance is unreliable due to weeds developing herbicide resistance or adverse environmental conditions.

scholarly journals A comparison of husked and naked oats under Irish conditions

2018 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Hackett
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Naked Oat ◽  
Oat Cultivars ◽  
Naked Oats ◽  
Kernel Yield

AbstractDuring the harvesting of husked oats (Avena sativa L.), the kernel remains tightly enclosed by a lignified lemma and palea, collectively termed the husk or hull. In naked oats, which are the same species as husked oats, the lemma is much less lignified and the kernel threshes free during harvesting. The absence of the largely indigestible husk increases the nutritive value of naked oats compared to that of husked oats, particularly for non-ruminants and poultry. There is little information regarding the potential of naked oats as an arable crop in Ireland. The objective of this study was to determine the productivity of naked oats under Irish conditions. Field experiments were carried out in the south east of Ireland to compare the grain yield and grain quality of both autumn-sown and spring-sown naked and husked oat cultivars. Grain yield of naked oat cultivars was significantly lower than that of husked oat cultivars, irrespective of whether they were autumn sown or spring sown. However, when the kernel yield of husked oat cultivars was estimated, differences in yield between the two types were much smaller, and in some cases, kernel yield of naked oat cultivars exceeded that of husked oat cultivars. Grain quality, as indicated by hectolitre weight and grain N concentration, was generally greater for naked oat cultivars than for husked oat cultivars. It is concluded that under Irish conditions, naked oats have the potential to produce kernel yields equivalent to husked oats. The grain produced is of high quality and may be particularly suited for the nutrition of non-ruminants.

scholarly journals TOLERANCE OF COMMON BEAN PLANTS TO ETHOXYSULFURON HERBICIDE AND THE MECHANISM INVOLVED IN THE PROCESS

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 535-543 ◽  
Author(s):  
F.D.B. PAGNONCELLIJR. ◽  
R.A. VIDAL ◽  
M.M. TREZZI ◽  
A. MACHADO ◽  
M. GALLON ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Plant Tolerance ◽  
Herbicide Degradation ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Bean Plants ◽  
Herbicide Detoxification ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Common Bean Plants

ABSTRACT The objectives of this study were to determine the effect of herbicide ethoxysulfuron on the development of commom bean (Phaseolus vulgaris), to evaluate the impact of the herbicide on the crop grain yield and to determine the mechanism of tolerance of common bean to ethoxysulfuron. Field experiments were carried out with several doses of ethoxysulfuron to determine its effect on the grain yield of two varieties of common bean ("IPR Andorinha", "IPR Tangará"). The mechanism of plant tolerance was evaluated through several methods, including the analysis of the ALS enzyme sensitivity to herbicide and the use of P450 inhibitors (the insecticides malathion + chlorpyrifos) and the use of antidote (mefenpyr-diethyl). When the rate of ethoxysulfuron was 83.2 g ha-1, the grain yield loss reached 25% (IPR Tangará) and 35% (IPR Andorinha). The ALS enzyme activity was severely reduced even at low concentrations ethoxysulfuron (1 μM), indicating that the mechanism of tolerance is not the insensitivity of the herbicide target enzyme. The inhibitors of herbicide detoxification increased the sensitivity of the bean plants to ethoxysulfuron, and the antidote (stimulator of herbicide degradation) mitigated the herbicidal effect. These results strongly support the hypothesis that the mechanism of tolerance of common bean plants to ethoxysulfuron is enhanced herbicide detoxification.

scholarly journals Tef (Eragrostis tef) Responses to Phosphorus and Potassium Fertigation under Semi-Arid Mediterranean Climate

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1588
Author(s):  
Moshe Halpern ◽  
Kelem Gashu ◽  
Isaac Zipori ◽  
Yehoshua Saranga ◽  
Uri Yermiyahu
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Mediterranean Climate ◽  
The Other ◽  
Eragrostis Tef ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Cereal Crop ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
K Concentration ◽  
Semi Arid

Tef (Eragrostis tef (Zucc.) Trotter) is an annual small grain, panicle bearing, C4 cereal crop native to Ethiopia, where it is a major staple food. The objectives of the present study were to characterize the responses of two tef genotypes to escalating phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) levels and to determine an optimum range for P and K at which tef performance is maximized. Two experiments were carried out in the Gilat Research Station, each testing two different genotypes of tef (405B and 406W), one experiment in pots in controlled conditions, and the other in the field. In both experiments, the highest grain yield increased until 6 mg L−1 P, and declined at 12 mg L−1 P. The decline was precipitous and significant in the pot experiment, and gradual and statistically insignificant in the field experiment. In the pots experiment, the grain yield increased until 40 mg L−1 K, with no significant decrease thereafter. The effect of K concentration was only seen in the grain yield and not in the size of the other plant organs. In the field experiment, grain yield was highest at 80 mg L−1 K, but it was not statistically different from 40 mg L−1. The effect of K on growth was only apparent at maturity and not at flowering.

scholarly journals Evaluation of some Herbicides' Efficacy in Weed Control Accompanying some Wheat Cultivars and Their Effect on Yield and Its Components

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 140-155
Author(s):  
Sura A. Khudur ◽  
Taha Y.M. Al-Edany ◽  
Layla A. Bnayan
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Biological Yield ◽  
Effect On Yield

A field experiment was conducted at Al-Qaim area 90 km north of Basrah Province, Iraq during the growing season of 2018-2019. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of three different herbicides includes Pallas 4.5%OD (125ml.Donum-2), Spotlight75%DWG(5g.Donum-2) and Clodex100EC (150ml.Donum-2) to control the weeds growing with two cultivars of wheat (Ebaa-99 and Buhooth-22). The results showed that Ebaa-99 cultivar was superior in the average of plant height (77.99 cm), flag leaf area (29.15cm2), number of tillers (701.50 tillers.m-2), number of spikes (615.61 spikes.m-2), weight of 1000 grain (43.41g), grain yield (5203.34 Kg.ton-2), biological yield (15216.58 Kg/ha), harvest indicator (35.25%), dry weight of narrow-leaved (14.14 g.m-2) and broad-leaved weeds (43.64g.m-2). While Buhooth-22 cultivar revealed superiority in the number of grains per spike (28.66 grain.spike-2), length of the spike (7.76 cm) and protein content (10.47%). Spraying treatments by the formulation of the herbicides Spotlight and Clodex were significantly exceeded other treatments in all crop plant growing components.

scholarly journals RESPONSE OF OAT CULTIVARS TO ETHEPHON AND BORON

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Addaheri & Abood
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Oat Cultivars ◽  
Single Grain

The aim of this study was to reduce the lodging and improve grain yield by evaluation the performance of some oat cultivars introduced into Iraq. A field experiment was conducted during two seasons of 2017-2018 and 2018-2019, included four cultivars (Genzania, Shafa, Carrolup and Hamel) under the influence of foliar spraying of ethephon at concentrations of 0, 500 and 1000 ppm, and foliar application of boron with concentrations of 0, 50 and 100 ppm. Using RCBD within split–split arrangement and three replicates. The results were revealed that Genzania was recorded the highest number of grains head-1 and grain yield 6.512 and 5.565 t ha-1 in the two seasons respectively. Shafa had the highest number of active tillers m-2 in both seasons and the highest single grain weight in the second season. Carrolup was produced the highest single grain weight in the first season. Spraying ethephon with concentrations of 500 and 1000 ppm increased stem diameter and number of active tillers m-2 for both seasons. Spraying 500 ppm of ethephon increased grain yield in the first season and reduced lodging rate in the second season. Ethephon with 1000 ppm reduced lodging rate in both seasons. Foliar application of boron with concentrations of 50 and 100 ppm increased plant height and grain yield in both seasons.

An Oats (Avena sativa) – Soybean (Glycine max) Rotation Using Ecofarming versus Conventional Tillage

Weed Science ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 544-550 ◽  
Author(s):  
Russell S. Moomaw
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
The Other ◽  
Soybean Yield ◽  
No Till ◽  
Crop Injury ◽  
Tillage System

An oats (Avena sativaL.) – no-till soybean [Glycine max(L.) Merr.] ecofarming system was evaluated through four, 2-yr rotations during 1978 through 1982. Herbicides were applied to oats, to oat stubble, and to no-till soybeans for maximum weed control throughout the 2-yr rotation. The treatment sets also included conventional tillage of oat stubble for weed control and preparation of a soybean seedbed. Several herbicides gave effective weed control in oats with minimal crop injury; however, grain yield was not increased by any of the treatments. No recropping problems were encountered when planting no-till soybeans 14 months after application of chlorsulfuron {<2-chloro-N-[[(4-methoxy-6-methyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)amino]carbonyl]benzenesulfonamide)}. Soybean yield under ecofarming was greater 1 yr and equal to that with the conventional-tillage system the other 2 yr.

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