Bioassay for Determining Persistence of the Herbicide Saflufenacil in an Oxisol

ABSTRACT: Persistence of an herbicide is defined as the ability to maintain the integrity of its molecule and chemical, physical, and phytotoxic properties in the environment where it was applied. Knowledge of persistence has implications both for the toxicity generated on species grown in succession and for the period in which the herbicide controls weeds. This study aimed to assess the persistence of the herbicide saflufenacil in an Oxisol by means of bioassays. Two experiments with the application of 29.4 g ha-1 of saflufenacil were carried out under field conditions: the first in the 2011/2012 season and the second in the 2012/2013 season. Soil samples were collected at depths of up to 10 cm at different times after application. Subsequently, two bioassays were carried out in a greenhouse by using beet (Beta vulgaris L.) and cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) as bioindicators. The studies were carried out in a completely randomized design with four replications. Treatments consisted of periods after saflufenacil application (0, 5, 10, 15, 25, 35, 50, and 100 days). The crop was also considered as a factor. Stand, height, and phytotoxicity of plants were assessed in both agricultural seasons at 14, 21, and 28 days after sowing (DAS), as well as shoot fresh (SFM) and dry matter (SDM) at 28 DAS. In general, saflufenacil persistence was between 25 and 35 days. Beet was more sensitive to the presence of saflufenacil in the soil when compared to cucumber. Herbicide effects were higher in the 2012/2013 season when compared to the 2011/2012 season.

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The Influence of Colour and Thickness of Nylon Mulch on Soil Temperature, Moisture, Percent Germination and Some Growth Parameters of Cucumber (cucumis sativus L.) Seedlings

Land Science ◽

10.30560/ls.v2n1p13 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. p13

Author(s):

Kayode Moses Babatunde ◽

Kabiru Alani Shittu ◽

Olusogo Adeyemi Adekanmbi ◽

Mukaila Adetunji Asimi

Keyword(s):

Soil Moisture ◽

Soil Temperature ◽

Plant Height ◽

Cucumis Sativus ◽

Growth Parameters ◽

Cucumis Sativus L ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Percent Germination ◽

Number Of Leaves ◽

Completely Randomized Design

Heat, moisture and oxygen are important factors that has controlled seed germination, thus A 2 ×4 factorial greenhouse experiment was conducted to determine the influence of colour and thickness of nylon mulch on soil temperature, moisture, percent germination and selected growth indicators of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) seedlings in a completely randomized design (CRD), where the treatments; nylon colour (white and black) and thicknesses (0, 1.5, 3.0, and 4.5 mm) were replicated three times. The analysis of variance showed that the white nylon thickness had positive significant (P ≤ 0.05) influence on soil temperature, soil moisture, plant height and number of leaves, while black nylon thickness had positive significant (P ≤ 0.05) influence on soil moisture and plant height and a negative significant (P ≤ 0.01) influence on percent germination, it was also discovered that 1.5 mm thickness of the white nylon contributed significantly (p ≤ 0.05) to the parameters measured, therefore, white nylon of 1.5 mm thickness could be recommended as mulch material for cucumber production in a sandy clay soil.

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MORPHOPHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSES OF COWPEA GENOTYPES TO IRRIGATION WATER SALINITY

Revista Caatinga ◽

10.1590/1983-21252017v30n421rc ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 30 (4) ◽

pp. 1001-1008

Author(s):

JOÃO PEDRO ALVES DE AQUINO ◽

ANTÔNIO AÉCIO DE CARVALHO BEZERRA ◽

FRANCISCO DE ALCÂNTARA NETO ◽

CARLOS JOSÉ GONCALVES DE SOUZA LIMA ◽

RAYLSON RODRIGUES DE SOUSA

Keyword(s):

Irrigation Water ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Arid Regions ◽

Stem Diameter ◽

Water Salinity ◽

Productive Capacity ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Irrigation Water Salinity ◽

Water Salt ◽

Completely Randomized Design

ABSTRACT Cowpea is broadly cultivated worldwide, especially in semi-arid or arid regions where soil or irrigation water salt contents can negatively influence the species’ productive capacity. The objective of this study was to evaluate the morphophysiological responses of cowpea genotypes to irrigation water salinity. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse, under a completely randomized design with nine replications and in a 5x3 factorial scheme. Treatments consisted of five levels of irrigation water electrical conductivity - EC (EC0: 0.55; EC1: 1.60; EC2: 3.20; EC3: 4.80 and EC4: 6.40 dS m-1), applied from the 15th day after sowing (DAS), and three cowpea genotypes (G1: BRS Imponente; G2: MNC04-795F-168 and G3: MNC04-795F-159). EC increases at 35 DAS promoted stem diameter reductions of 8.0% (G1), 11.4% (G2), and 7.7% (G3), indicating different resistance to salinity by each genotype. Leaf area reductions at 25 and 38 DAS were 30.9% and 38.8% for EC0 and EC4, respectively. The BRS Imponente cultivar presented a performance superior to those of G2 and G3 in relation to stem diameter and stem dry matter at 25 DAS, and root-shoot and root-leaf ratios at 38 DAS.

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Competitive analysis of soybean and sudangrass using replacement series design

Revista CERES ◽

10.1590/0034-737x201663050011 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 63 (5) ◽

pp. 668-675

Author(s):

Mauro Antônio Rizzardi ◽

Alana Cristina Dorneles Wandscheer ◽

Andrea Ferreira Hoffmann

Keyword(s):

Competitive Analysis ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Rio Grande ◽

Agricultural Crops ◽

Rio Grande Do Sul ◽

Replacement Series ◽

Series Design ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Agricultural Areas

ABSTRACT Competition is the best known form of direct interference of weeds on agricultural crops. However, there is relatively little information on the competition of the weed sudangrass on soybean, which has been common in agricultural areas in the southern of Rio Grande do Sul. The objective of this study was to evaluate the competition between sudangrass and soybeans using replacement series experiments. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse in a completely randomized design with four replications. The treatments consisted of soybean and sudangrass associations. The experimental units were 8-L plastic pots, in the proportions 0: 8, 2: 6, 4: 4, 6: 2, 8: 0, corresponding to 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% of the crop and weed respectively. Shoot, root and total dry matter and plant height were analyzed through diagrams applied to replacement series and competitive indices. Soybean showed competitive superiority in coexistence with sudangrass in relation to shoot, root and total dry matter. The intraspecific competition was more significant for the crop and inter-specific competition was more important for the weed.

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Tolerance of Annual Winter Species to Protoporfirinogen Oxidase Inhibiting Herbicides (Protox)

Planta Daninha ◽

10.1590/s0100-83582018360100089 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 36 (0) ◽

Author(s):

C. ALVES ◽

L. GALON ◽

R.R. KAIZER ◽

F.L. WINTER ◽

C.M. HOLZ ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Leaf Area ◽

Plant Species ◽

Analysis Of Variance ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Stem Diameter ◽

F Test ◽

Tolerant Species ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Linear Regressions

ABSTRACT: The use of plant species for the phytoremediation of soils contaminated with herbicides is an alternative that has been emphasized to minimize the effects of the persistence of agrochemicals in the environment. The objective of this study was to evaluate the tolerance potential of winter species in soils contaminated with sulfentrazone and fomesafen. The experiment was in a completely randomized design with four replications. Doses of fomesafen (0.0, 0.125, 0.250, and 0.5 kg ha-1) and sulfentrazone (0.0, 0.3, 0.6 and 1.2 kg ha-1) were applied during the pre-emergence of phytoremediate species (black oat, vetch, birdsfood trefoil, radish and lupin). Forty five days after the emergence of the species, the phytotoxicity (%), leaf area (cm2), stalk and/or stem diameter (mm), height (cm) and dry matter (g) variables of the plants were evaluated. Data were submitted to analysis of variance by F test; when significant, linear or non linear regressions were applied to evaluate the effect of herbicide doses on the studied species. Birdsfood trefoil was the less tolerant species to fomesafen and sulfentrazone. Black oat was less affected by the application of fomesafen doses, but it was highly susceptible to sulfentrazone. Radish presented tolerance only up to the fomesafen dose of 0.25 kg ha-1; as for sulfentrazone, the species showed tolerance. The most tolerant species to fomesafen and sulfentrazone, regardless of the dose, was the lupine, which is a possible alternative for the phytoremediation of soils contaminated with these herbicides.

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Size and vigor of Anadenanthera colubrina (Vell.) Brenan seeds harvested in Caatinga areas

Journal of Seed Science ◽

10.1590/2317-1545v39n4173727 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 39 (4) ◽

pp. 363-373 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Jaciara de Souza Bispo ◽

Danielle Carolina Campos da Costa ◽

Samara Elizabeth Vieira Gomes ◽

Gilmara Moreira de Oliveira ◽

Janete Rodrigues Matias ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Electrical Conductivity ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Folk Medicine ◽

Germination Percentage ◽

Climate Variations ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Mother Plants ◽

Physiological Quality ◽

Completely Randomized Design

Abstract: Angico is a species found in several environments in Brazil, with several applications. It is used in the timber industry and mainly in folk medicine. In order to verify a variation in the biometric characteristics and the quality of seeds from different mother-plants in different harvesting years, the following variables were studied: moisture content, diameter, density, electrical conductivity, fresh and dry matter of seedlings, germination percentage and kinetics, in a completely randomized design with a 2x3 factorial arrangement (lots x size). The obtained results showed that angico seeds from different lots showed different physiological quality, possibly due to the climate variations to which mother-plants were submitted in the different years. Seed size directly interferes with seedling growth under both controlled and greenhouse conditions, and it can be used as a vigor indicator for angico seeds.

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Leaching of Picloram in ultisol under different rainfall volumes

Planta Daninha ◽

10.1590/s0100-83582011000500021 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 29 (spe) ◽

pp. 1129-1136 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

E.C Assis ◽

A.A Silva ◽

L D'Antonino ◽

M.E.L.R Queiroz ◽

L.C Barbosa

Keyword(s):

Liquid Chromatography ◽

High Performance ◽

Soil Samples ◽

Soil Sampling ◽

Horizontal Position ◽

Leaching Potential ◽

Excess Water ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Plot Design

The present study aimed to evaluate the leaching potential of Picloram in Ultisol columns under different rainfall amounts. For such, 30 treatments were evaluated (one soil associated with three levels of rainfall and ten depths).The experiments were arranged in a split-plot design, in a completely randomized design, with four replications. PVC columns of 10 cm in diameter and 50 cm in length were filled with these soils, moistened, and placed upright for 48 hours to drain the excess water. The herbicide was applied and rainfall simulations were carried out at specified intensities, according to the treatments, to force Picloram leaching. After 72 hours, all the columns were arranged in a horizontal position and opened lengthwise. Then, soil sampling was carried out every 5 cm of depth for subsequent herbicide extraction and quantification and analysis by high performance liquid chromatography. The remaining soil samples were placed in plastic pots, and, at the respective depths, the indicator species Cucumis sativus was sown. Twenty-one days after the emergence (DAE) of the indicator plants, evaluations were conducted to verify the symptoms of toxicity caused by Picloram in the plants. It was concluded that Picloram leaching is directly dependent on the volume of rain applied. The herbicide reached the deepest regions in the soil with the highest intensity of rain. The results obtained by bioassay were in agreement with those found by liquid chromatography.

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KECERNAAN IN VITRO SILASE SAMPAH SAYUR DAN DAUN GAMAL MENGGUNAKAN MIKROORGANISME RUMEN KAMBING

Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Peternakan Tropis ◽

10.33772/jitro.v2i3.3808 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2 (3) ◽

pp. 17

Author(s):

Indrayani Indrayani ◽

Harapin Hafid ◽

Dian Agustina

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Analysis Of Variance ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Vegetable Waste ◽

Dry Matter Digestibility ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Honestly Significant Difference ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Completely Randomized Design

ABSTRACTThis study aims to determine the digestibility of dry matter and organic matter level waste silage mixed vegetables and Gliricidia leaves were tested in vitro. This study used a completely randomized design with 3 treatments and 3 replications. Each of these treatments is R0 (Gliricidia leaves 100%), R1 (Gliricidia leaves 70% + 30% silage vegetable waste), and R2 (Gliricidia leaves 40% + 60% silage vegetable waste). Data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and further testing using the test Honestly Significant Difference (HSD). The results of ANOVA showed that the mixture of vegetable waste silage was highly significant (p <0.05) on dry matter digestibility and significantly (p <0.05) on the digestibility of organic matter. It can be concluded that the mixed of vegetable waste silage and Gliricidia leaves can improved digestibility of dry matter and organic matter, treatment of 40% and 60% Gliricidia leaves plus waste vegetable produce silage dry matter digestibility and percentage of organic matter is best (72,24% and 68,19%).Keyword: Silage vegetable waste, gliricidia leaves, dry and organic matter digestibilityABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kecenaan bahan kering dan bahan organik tingkat campuran silase sampah sayur dan daun gamal yang diuji secara in vitro. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap dengan 3 perlakuan dan 3 ulangan. Masing-masing perlakuan tersebut ialah R0 (daun gamal 100%), R1 (daun gamal 70% + silase sampah sayur 30%), dan R2 (daun gamal 40% + silase sampah sayur 60%). Data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan menggunakan analisis sidik ragam (ANOVA) dan uji lanjut menggunakan uji Beda Nyata Jujur (BNJ). Hasil analisis sidik ragam menunjukkan bahwa campuran silase sampah sayur berpengaruh sangat nyata (p<0,05) terhadap kecernaan bahan kering dan berpengaruh nyata (p<0,05) terhadap kecernaan bahan organik. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa perlakuan campuran silase sampah sayur dan daun gamal dapat meningkatkan kecernaan bahan kering dan bahan organik, perlakuan 40% daun gamal dan 60% silase sampah sayur menghasilkan persentase kecernaan bahan kering dan bahan organik yang terbaik yaitu (72,24% dan 68,19%).Kata kunci : Silase sampah sayur, daun gamal, kecernaan bahan kering, dan bahan organik.

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Production of Bambusa vulgaris seedlings from rhizomes under brackish water irrigation

Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental ◽

10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v24n5p337-342 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 24 (5) ◽

pp. 337-342

Author(s):

Lourenço M. C. Branco ◽

Claudivan F. de Lacerda ◽

Albanise B. Marinho ◽

Carlos H. C. de Sousa ◽

Amanda S. F. Calvet ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gas Exchange ◽

Brackish Water ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Leaf Gas Exchange ◽

Photosynthesis Rate ◽

Seedling Production ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Bambusa Vulgaris ◽

Completely Randomized Design

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of irrigation with brackish water on the production of bamboo seedlings (Bambusa vulgaris). The experiment was carried out at the Fazenda Experimental Piroás, in the municipality of Redenção, CE, Brazil (4° 14’ 53” S, 38° 45’ 10” W, and altitude of 230 m), in a completely randomized design with five treatments and six repetitions. The treatments consisted of five irrigation water electrical conductivity (ECw): 0.5 (control); 1.5; 2.5; 3.5 and 4.5 dS m-1. At 120 days after the beginning of the application of the treatments the leaf gas exchange, relative chlorophyll index (RCI), plant height (H), shoot dry matter (SDM), H/SDM ratio, and the concentrations of Na+ and K+ in stems and leaves were evaluated. Salt tolerance indexes were calculated based on SDM, H, photosynthesis rate and RCI. The increase in the ECw reduced leaf gas exchange, and the reduction in the photosynthesis rate was caused by stomatal and non-stomatal effects. The salinity affected negatively the growth and quality of bamboo seedlings, with the greatest effects being with ECw equal to or greater than 2.5 dS m-1. Bamboo seedlings present Na+ retention in the stems and low Na+/K+ ratio in the leaves. Bamboo seedlings are tolerant to salinity up to 1.5 dS m-1, indicating that waters with this salinity can be used for seedling production of this species, without loss of growth and quality.

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Efeito da nodulação natural no desenvolvimento de leguminosas em solos de cerrado no Tocantins

Journal of Biotechnology and Biodiversity ◽

10.20873/jbb.uft.cemaf.v3n1.chagasjunior ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 38-44 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Aloísio Freitas Chagas Junior ◽

Gil Rodrigues Dos Santos ◽

Rogério Cézar de Lima Melo ◽

Ariádila Gonçalves De Oliveira ◽

Bruno Vizioli ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Leucaena Leucocephala ◽

Soil Samples ◽

Soil Cultivation ◽

Nodule Number ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Disturbed Areas ◽

Degraded Area ◽

Completely Randomized Design

Experiments were performed in a greenhouse to evaluate the effect of natural nodulation in the development of Pacara Earpod Tree (Enterolobium contorsiliquum) and Leucaena (Leucaena leucocephala) is soil with different uses in Tocantins. We used three soil samples of woods, cultivated areas four and in a degraded area, in pots in a completely randomized design with four replications. In both species nodulation was observed in all soils studies areas with better nodulation occurring in soil cultivation, providing a higher accumulation of biomass. Soil from the degraded area the two species showed nodule number and biomass of nodules significant, with potential for use in disturbed areas, with characteristics of degraded soils.

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ALTERNATIVE SUBSTRATES FOR PRODUCTION OF YELLOW PASSION FRUIT SEEDLINGS

JOURNAL OF NEOTROPICAL AGRICULTURE ◽

10.32404/rean.v7i1.3890 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 43-48

Author(s):

Eduardo Santana Aires ◽

Carlos Alberto Aragão ◽

Itala Laiane Silva Gomes ◽

Gilmário Noberto de Souza ◽

Isa Gabriela Vieira de Andrade

Keyword(s):

Plant Height ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Passion Fruit ◽

Dry Matter Accumulation ◽

Alternative Substrates ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Length Width ◽

Number Of Leaves ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Yellow Passion Fruit

This study aimed to evaluate different substrates to produce yellow passion fruit seedlings. For this purpose, an experiment was carried out in a greenhouse, from April to June 2016. A completely randomized design with five replications, in a 6 x 5 factorial scheme was used. The first factor was the alternative substrates (poultry, cattle and equine manure, sugarcane and coconut bagasse, and Organomais compost). The second factor was the replacement levels to the commercial substrate of Plantmax® (100:0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75, 0:100). The seedling evaluation was carried out 42 days after sowing. The following variables were analyzed: length, width, and the number of leaves; plant height and shoot dry matter. A significant effect (P0.05) for the interaction between the factors was verified. The addition of 60% cattle manure and Organomais to the commercial substrate Plantmax® promoted greater length, width, and the number of leaves, plant height, and shoot dry matter accumulation in the yellow passion fruit seedlings.

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