Paracoccidioidomycosis mortality in Brazil (1980-1995)

This study analyzes 3,181 deaths from paracoccidioidomycosis in Brazil, based on 16 years of sequential data (from 1980 to 1995). During this period paracoccidioidomycosis showed considerable magnitude and low visibility, representing the eighth most common cause of death from predominantly chronic or recurrent types of infectious and parasitic diseases. It also had the highest mortality rate among the systemic mycoses. The mean annual mortality rate was 1.45 per million inhabitants, indicating a downward long-term trend (reduction of 31.28%), while spatial distribution among the different regions and States of Brazil was non-homogenous. The South (with the highest regional rate) and the Southeast showed a downward trend, while the Central West had the second highest rate in the country. At least one-fifth of Brazilian municipalities (or 22.71% of the country's total area) reported deaths from paracoccidioidomycosis. Overall nationwide mortality per area was 3.73/10,000km². The disease was endemic in non-metropolitan areas. The majority of deaths occurred in males (84.75%), and there was a sex ratio of 562 men/100 women. The 30-59-year and over-60-year age groups were the most affected. The study showed that the mortality rate justifies classifying this disease as a major health problem in Brazil.

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Prevalence of Hypertension and Associated Factors Among Residents in Cyprus

International Journal of Diabetes & Metabolic Disorders ◽

10.33140/ijdmd.06.02.04 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Associated Factors ◽

Early Stage ◽

Age Groups ◽

Policy Makers ◽

Major Health Problem ◽

Major Health ◽

Medical Office ◽

High Prevalence ◽

The Mean

Background: Hypertension is a major health problem that physicians have to face globally. It is known as the most important risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Objectives: This study searched for the prevalence of hypertension among the residents of Cyprus. Methods: The study involved 195 patients with or without treatment for arterial hypertension with age ranged among 34-93 years, patients examined and followed for 2 years at the medical office. Hypertension was defined as Systolic blood pressure (SBP) ≥ 140 and/or Diastolic blood pressure (DBP) ≥ 90mm Hg. Data were analysed using statistics. Results: The overall prevalence of hypertension was 38.1% (male 42.7% and female 33.4%). The mean age of the respondents was 66.6 ± 12.4 years. 26.8% of the patients who enrolled in the study were obese. Alcohol and tobacco use were found in 33.2% and 42.2% of the population studied. Hypertension was significantly associated in age groups 45-85 years, and also being overweight or obese. Conclusion: The above data show a high prevalence of hypertension, even in patients under anti-hypertensive treatment. Policy makers should study the need for further awareness at the primary sector preventively and implement interventions for early detection and care of hypertension, in early stage.

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Different long-term trends of the oxygen red 630.0 nm line nightglow intensity as the result of lowering the ionosphere F2 layer

Annales Geophysicae ◽

10.5194/angeo-26-2069-2008 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 26 (8) ◽

pp. 2069-2080 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

N. B. Gudadze ◽

G. G. Didebulidze ◽

L. N. Lomidze ◽

G. Sh. Javakhishvili ◽

M. A. Marsagishvili ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Electron Density ◽

Line Intensity ◽

Peak Height ◽

Height Distribution ◽

Theoretical Simulation ◽

Type Layer ◽

Long Term Trends ◽

The Mean ◽

Long Term Trend

Abstract. Long-term observations of total nightglow intensity of the atomic oxygen red 630.0 nm line at Abastumani (41.75° N, 42.82° E) in 1957–1993 and measurements of the ionosphere F2 layer parameters from the Tbilisi ionosphere station (41.65° N, 44.75° E) in 1963–1986 have been analyzed. It is shown that a decrease in the long-term trend of the mean annual red 630.0 nm line intensity from the pre-midnight value (+0.770±1.045 R/year) to its minimum negative value (−1.080±0.670 R/year) at the midnight/after midnight is a possible result of the observed lowering of the peak height of the ionosphere F2 layer electron density hmF2 (−0.455±0.343 km/year). A theoretical simulation is carried out using a simple Chapman-type layer (damping in time) for the height distribution of the F2 layer electron density. The estimated values of the lowering in the hmF2, the increase in the red line intensity at pre-midnight and its decrease at midnight/after midnight are close to their observational ones, when a negative trend in the total neutral density of the upper atmosphere and an increase in the mean northward wind (or its possible consequence – a decrease in the southward one) are assumed.

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Bovine trypanosomosis in Gimbi district of Western Oromia, Ethiopia

Animal Biology ◽

10.1163/157075610x491653 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 60 (2) ◽

pp. 123-131 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Ashenafi Hagos ◽

Hailu Yacob ◽

Asoke Basu ◽

Degneh Efrem

Keyword(s):

Sea Level ◽

Rainy Season ◽

Age Groups ◽

Trypanosoma Congolense ◽

Dry Season ◽

Major Health Problem ◽

Major Health ◽

Glossina Morsitans Submorsitans ◽

Bovine Trypanosomosis ◽

Significant Difference

AbstractA study on the epidemiology of bovine trypanosomosis was conducted from September 2006 to April 2007 in six villages of the Gimbi district in west Wollega zone of Ethiopia. The prevalence of the disease, the apparent densities and distribution of tsetse and other biting flies in two seasons, the dry and rainy, were determined. The results of a questionnaire survey from 80 farmers revealed that trypanosomosis was a major health problem affecting animals and impeding agricultural activities.A total of 568 blood samples were collected from randomly selected animals (280 animals in rainy and 288 in dry season) and revealed the presence of Trypanosoma congolense Broden, 1904 and T. vivax Zieman, 1905 in the area. Trypanosoma congolense was the dominant species that accounted for 66.2% of the infections. The mean packed cell volume (PCV) concentrations were 22.77% (95% CI =19.99-21.55) in parasitaemic and 25.25% (95% CI=24.88-25.61) in aparasitaemic animals with a significant difference (P<0.005). There was a significant (P<0.012) difference in trypanosome infection between age groups of cattle, being higher in adults. The overall prevalence of trypanosomosis was 12.5%, while the disease prevalence was higher during the rainy season (15 %) than the dry season (10.1%). In three villages of lowland areas (below 1600 meter above sea level), a higher prevalence was recorded 20.9% and 7.9% as compared to three villages of midland areas (≥ 1600 meter above sea level) 11.8% and 8.3% in late rainy and dry season, respectively.A fly-survey was conducted by using 80 monoconical pyramidal traps and revealed that two tsetse species, namely Glossina morsitans submorsitans Newstead and Glossina tachinoides Westwood were found along with other biting flies (Tabanus, Haematopota and Stomoxys species). Higher numerical catches of Glossina were recorded in late rainy season and the apparent density was positively correlated (r=0.5171) with the prevalence of infection.

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Mortality from liver cirrhosis in Espírito Santo State, Brazil

Cadernos de Saúde Pública ◽

10.1590/0102-311x00098213 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 30 (6) ◽

pp. 1335-1340

Author(s):

Patricia Lofego Gonçalves ◽

Carlos Sandoval Gonçalves ◽

Fausto Edmundo Lima Pereira

Keyword(s):

Liver Cirrhosis ◽

Mortality Rate ◽

Hepatitis B ◽

Medical Records ◽

Years Of Life Lost ◽

Death Certificates ◽

Espírito Santo ◽

The Mean ◽

Espirito Santo ◽

Annual Mortality

To study mortality from liver cirrhosis in Espírito Santo State, Brazil, we reviewed death certificates (DC) from 2000-2010 and medical records of deceased patients with investigation of alcoholism and hepatitis B or C. From a total of 218,410 DC, 3,554 deaths from liver cirrhosis were retrieved. The annual mortality rate was 19.8/100,000 for men and 4.31/100,000 for women, without significant changes after correction for ICD-R98 and R99 and without a significant increase in the annual percentage change. In 49% of death certificates, the aetiology of cirrhosis was defined: of these alcoholism in 81.5% of cases and viral hepatitis in 15.7%. Aetiology was confirmed in 262 reviewed records, including alcoholism (40.5%); hepatitis B or C (26.7%); other (3.8%); and cryptogenic (10.6%). The mean annual potential years of life lost were 5,946 years and 1,739 years for men and women respectively. The mortality rate from cirrhosis in Espírito Santo State is intermediate in relationship to worldwide data; alcoholism and hepatitis B or C were the main aetiologies; probably alcoholism is overestimated and hepatitis B and C viruses are underestimated as causes of cirrhosis registered on death certificates.

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Survey of management practices used by Brazilian dairy farmers and recommendations provided by 43 dairy cattle nutritionists

Canadian Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1139/cjas-2018-0004 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 99 (4) ◽

pp. 890-904 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Diego P. Silva ◽

Alexandre M. Pedroso ◽

Murillo C.S. Pereira ◽

Gustavo P. Bertoldi ◽

Daniel H.M. Watanabe ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dairy Cattle ◽

Health Problem ◽

Management Practices ◽

Primary Source ◽

Dairy Farmers ◽

Web Based ◽

Major Health Problem ◽

Major Health ◽

Nutritional Recommendations ◽

The Mean

This work aimed to survey management practices used by dairy farmers and to report nutritional recommendations adopted by 43 dairy cattle nutritionists in Brazil. The web-based survey consisted of 80 questions. Almost 50% of the participants had clients that produce <1000 kg of milk daily and 48.8% had clients who own fewer than 100 dairy cows. Corn was the primary source of grain (97.4%), and 43.9% of the nutritionists included from 41% to 50% concentrate in lactation diets. The mean roughage inclusion in lactation diets was 50.5% and 79% of the nutritionists reported corn silage as the primary roughage source. Average crude protein and rumen-degradable protein concentrations recommended by the nutritionists for lactation diets were 15.7% and 9%, respectively. Average Ca and P concentrations recommended for lactation diets were 0.70% and 0.41%, respectively. The major health problem reported by 83.9% of the nutritionists was mastitis. The present survey provides an overview of management practices adopted by dairy farmers and nutritional recommendations currently applied by dairy cattle nutritionists in Brazil. The most critical points identified were low milk yield, mastitis as the major health problem, lack of proper mixing and delivery of rations, and destination of male calves.

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Growth, Mortality and Movements of a Sanctuary Population of Maskinonge (Esox masquinongy Mitchill)

Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada ◽

10.1139/f56-039 ◽

1956 ◽

Vol 13 (5) ◽

pp. 599-612 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

E. J. Crossman

Keyword(s):

Large Population ◽

Age Groups ◽

Population Estimate ◽

First Year ◽

Esox Masquinongy ◽

The Third ◽

Hatchery Fish ◽

The Mean ◽

Age Limits ◽

Annual Mortality

A Schumacher population estimate based on 995 maskinonge taken by trap nets, between the months of May and October in the years 1951–1953, set the number of maskinonge in Nogies Creek at between 769 and 1,122 in July 1953. The mean standard length of these fish was 53.0 cm. The rate of growth (26.3 cm. S.L. in the first year) compared favourably with that for maskinonge in other waters. Fish of age-groups II, III and IV predominated. The small number of fish over four years of age was apparently due to a 70% annual mortality rate at least after the third year of life and perhaps before age III.Recaptures of tagged maskinonge demonstrated that there was little movement of maskinonge in summer, and what movement there was, was mainly upstream. In the fall there was far more movement of fish, and this was mainly in a downstream direction.The area supports a fairly large population of maskinonge but the high mortality after three years of age limits its value for raising maskinonge to legal size. The potential for rearing fish to three years of age is such that it may be very advantageous to move hatchery fish here for one or two years before liberation.

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Long-Term Trend of Climate Change and Drought Assessment in the Horn of Africa

Advances in Meteorology ◽

10.1155/2016/8057641 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2016 ◽

pp. 1-12 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Mihretab G. Ghebrezgabher ◽

Taibao Yang ◽

Xuemei Yang

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Mean Annual Precipitation ◽

Simple Linear Regression ◽

Horn Of Africa ◽

Drought Assessment ◽

Moderate Drought ◽

The Mean ◽

Long Term Trend ◽

Precipitation And Temperature

Climate change due to global warming is a world concern, particularly in Africa. In this study, precipitation and temperature variables are taken as a proxy to assess and quantify the long-term climate change and drought in the Horn of Africa (HOA) (1930–2014). We adapted a simple linear regression and interpolation to analyze, respectively, the trend and spatial distribution of the mean annual precipitation and temperature. In addition, standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI) was applied to evaluate the drought condition of the HOA. The results revealed that statistically the trend of precipitation decreased insignificantly; the trend of temperature was observed to drop very significantly between 1930 and 1969, but it was dramatically elevated very significantly from 1970 to 2014. The SPEI showed that the HOA experienced from mild to moderate drought throughout the study period with severe to extreme drought in some regions, particularly in 1943, 1984, 1991, and 2009. The drought was a very serious environmental problem in the HOA in the last 85 years. Thus, an immediate action is required to tackle drought and hence poverty and famine in the HOA.

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Myocardial SPECT Perfusion Defects in Angina Patients, Without Significant Epicardial Coronary Artery Disease. Can Pathological SPECT Affect Long-Term Prognosis?

10.21203/rs.3.rs-988779/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

EVANGELOS LAMPAS ◽

Kiriaki Syrmali ◽

Georgios Nikitas ◽

Emmanouil C. Papadakis ◽

Sotirios P. Patsilinakos

Keyword(s):

Mortality Rate ◽

Nyha Class ◽

Clinical Problem ◽

Cardiovascular Prognosis ◽

Reversible Ischemia ◽

The Mean ◽

Artery Disease ◽

Long Term Prognosis

Abstract Purpose: Patients with angina and a positive SPECT for reversible ischemia, with no or non-obstructive CAD on ICA represent a frequent clinical problem and predicting prognosis is challenging. Methods: A retrospective single center study focused on patients that underwent elective-ICA with angina and a positive SECT with no or non-obstructive CAD in the CathLab, during a seven-year period. Assessment of patients’ cardiovascular morbidity, mortality, and MACE during a follow-up period of at least three years after ICA, with the assist of a telephone questionnaire.Results: Data of all patients that underwent ICA for a period of 7 years (from January 1,2011 until December 31, 2017) in our hospital were analyzed. The patients that fulfilled the prespecified criteria were 569. At the telephone survey, 285(50.1%) were successfully contacted and agreed to participate. The mean age was 67.6 (SD8.8) years (35.4%female) and the mean follow-up time was 5.53years (SD1.85). Mortality rate was 1.7% (4 patients/non-cardiac causes) and 1,7% rate of revascularization. 31(10,9%) were hospitalized for cardiac reasons and 10,9% patients reported symptoms of HF (no patients with NYHA-Class above II). 21 had arrhythmic events and only two mild anginal symptoms. Noteworthy finding was, the mortality rate in the not-contacted group (12 out of 284, 4,2%), derived by public security records, did not differ significantly from the contacted-group. Conclusions: Patients with angina, a positive SPECT for reversible ischemia and no or non-obstructive CAD in ICA have very good long-term cardiovascular prognosis for at least 5 years.

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Reconstructive vs Deconstructive Endovascular Approach to Intradural Vertebral Artery Aneurysms: A Multicenter Cohort Study

Neurosurgery ◽

10.1093/neuros/nyaa005 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 87 (2) ◽

pp. 383-393

Author(s):

Ashish Kumar ◽

Adam A Dmytriw ◽

Mohamed M Salem ◽

Anna L Kuhn ◽

Kevin Phan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mortality Rate ◽

Vertebral Artery ◽

Complication Rates ◽

Parent Vessel ◽

Multicenter Cohort Study ◽

Complete Occlusion ◽

Complex Aneurysms ◽

The Mean

Abstract BACKGROUND Parent vessel sacrifice (PVS) has been a traditional way of treating complex aneurysms of the intradural vertebral artery (VA). Flow diversion (FD) has emerged as an alternative reconstructive option. OBJECTIVE To compare the long-term clinical and radiographic outcomes of intradural VA aneurysms following PVS or FD. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed and evaluated 43 consecutive patients between 2009 and 2018 with ruptured and unruptured intradural VA aneurysms treated by PVS or FD. Medical records including clinical and radiological details were reviewed. RESULTS A total of 43 intradural VA aneurysms were treated during this period. In the 14 PVS patients, the mean follow-up was 19.5 mo, and 71.4% of cases achieved modified Rankin scale (mRS) ≤2 at the last follow-up. A total of 86.5% of cases achieved complete occlusion. There was a 14.3% (2 cases) mortality rate, 14.3% (2 cases) postoperative ischemic complication rate, and 0% postoperative hemorrhaging rate. Retreatment was required in 1 case (7.1%). In the 29 FD patients, the mean follow-up was 21.8 mo, and 89.7% of cases achieved mRS ≤2 at the final follow-up. There was a 3.2% (1 case) mortality rate, 19.4% (6 cases) of postoperative ischemic complications, and 6.5% (2 cases) of postoperative hemorrhagic complications. Complete occlusion was seen in 86.5% patients. No cases required retreatment. Mortality and complication rates were not significantly different between PVS and PED (Pipeline Embolization Device) groups. CONCLUSION PVS was associated with comparable intraprocedural complications for VA aneurysms as compared to FD in the largest multicenter study to date. Both procedures have good long-term clinical and radiological outcomes.

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The Tasmanian Trout Fishery. II. The Fishery of the North-West Region

Marine and Freshwater Research ◽

10.1071/mf9580019 ◽

1958 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 19 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

AG Nicholls

Keyword(s):

Mortality Rate ◽

Detailed Consideration ◽

North West ◽

Hatchery Fish ◽

The North ◽

West Region ◽

Change In The Mean ◽

The Mean ◽

Trout Fishery ◽

Annual Mortality

A brief account is given of the several rivers, and of the results derived from the study of the fishery in each. Anglers' returns of catches have been analysed with respect to the daily catch per angler for nine seasons, and the lengths of fish for five seasons, and the results are similar for each river. Detailed consideration of a summary of the data received from all sources in this region shows a definite downward trend in the daily catch which is statistically significant and more pronounced in the estuarine than in the inland fishery. There has been no change in the mean lengths of fish taken, and the size distribution of the catch has remained constant over five seasons. An 80 per cent. annual mortality rate has been found for fish from 1 to 6 years of age, after which it falls slightly. The total annual catch has risen with the increase in licensed anglers. Analysis of the diary of one angler over 27 years shows a decline in the catching rate, but the mean weight of fish has remained fairly constant. No direct consistent correlation was found between the estuarine trout fishery and the commercial whitebait fishery. It is concluded that the decline in catching rate is probably related to a change in the representation of anglers making returns during the nine seasons. A study of the contribution made by the release of hatchery fish shows a maximum possible return to anglers of 2 per cent., subject to a correction for the proportion of takable fish caught by anglers for which no data are available. Evidence is produced to show that the release of hatchery fish is unproductive and wasteful in a stream already stocked to capacity.

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