Growth, Mortality and Movements of a Sanctuary Population of Maskinonge (Esox masquinongy Mitchill)

1956 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 599-612 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. J. Crossman
Keyword(s):  
Large Population ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Population Estimate ◽  
First Year ◽  
Esox Masquinongy ◽  
The Third ◽  
Hatchery Fish ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Age Limits ◽  
Annual Mortality

A Schumacher population estimate based on 995 maskinonge taken by trap nets, between the months of May and October in the years 1951–1953, set the number of maskinonge in Nogies Creek at between 769 and 1,122 in July 1953. The mean standard length of these fish was 53.0 cm. The rate of growth (26.3 cm. S.L. in the first year) compared favourably with that for maskinonge in other waters. Fish of age-groups II, III and IV predominated. The small number of fish over four years of age was apparently due to a 70% annual mortality rate at least after the third year of life and perhaps before age III.Recaptures of tagged maskinonge demonstrated that there was little movement of maskinonge in summer, and what movement there was, was mainly upstream. In the fall there was far more movement of fish, and this was mainly in a downstream direction.The area supports a fairly large population of maskinonge but the high mortality after three years of age limits its value for raising maskinonge to legal size. The potential for rearing fish to three years of age is such that it may be very advantageous to move hatchery fish here for one or two years before liberation.

The effects of nitrogen and irrigation on timothy (Phleum pratense) grown for production of seed: I. Vegetative growth

1967 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. Lambert
Keyword(s):  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Irrigation Treatment ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
First Year ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Additional Nitrogen ◽  
Applied Nitrogen

1. Plants of S.48 timothy were established on a 1 ft square pattern for production of seed. Two series of plots, one irrigated and one not irrigated, were treated with three levels of applied nitrogen: 0 (NO), 87 (Nl) and 261 (N2) lb N per acre (0, 97·5 and 292·5 kg N/ha) per annum, for 3 years. In this, the first of two papers, only vegetative aspects of growth are considered. Since the irrigation treatment started only 2 weeks before most of the data were recorded, effects of irrigation on vegetative growth were generally small.2. The number of tillers per plant was increased by application of nitrogen; the lower increment was more effective than the additional nitrogen in the higher dose.3. The weight of tillers per plant was increased by nitrogen at both levels of application. The mean weight of each tiller was increased by nitrogen after the first year, predominantly in the N 2 treatment. In the second year, irrigation also increased the weight per tiller.4. The weight of roots per plant was significantly affected by application of nitrogen. In the first year, the weight was increased by nitrogen in irrigated plots; in the second year the roots were significantly heavier in the Nl treatment than in N0 and N2 treatments, where weights were similar; the same situation existed in irrigated plots in the third year, but in non-irrigated plots the weights of roots were similar in N1 and N2 treatments and were heavier than in the N0 treatment. Irrigation had positive effects on the weight of roots in the first and second years.

The Tasmanian Trout Fishery. II. The Fishery of the North-West Region

1958 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 19 ◽  
Author(s):  
AG Nicholls
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Detailed Consideration ◽  
North West ◽  
Hatchery Fish ◽  
The North ◽  
West Region ◽  
Change In The Mean ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Trout Fishery ◽  
Annual Mortality

A brief account is given of the several rivers, and of the results derived from the study of the fishery in each. Anglers' returns of catches have been analysed with respect to the daily catch per angler for nine seasons, and the lengths of fish for five seasons, and the results are similar for each river. Detailed consideration of a summary of the data received from all sources in this region shows a definite downward trend in the daily catch which is statistically significant and more pronounced in the estuarine than in the inland fishery. There has been no change in the mean lengths of fish taken, and the size distribution of the catch has remained constant over five seasons. An 80 per cent. annual mortality rate has been found for fish from 1 to 6 years of age, after which it falls slightly. The total annual catch has risen with the increase in licensed anglers. Analysis of the diary of one angler over 27 years shows a decline in the catching rate, but the mean weight of fish has remained fairly constant. No direct consistent correlation was found between the estuarine trout fishery and the commercial whitebait fishery. It is concluded that the decline in catching rate is probably related to a change in the representation of anglers making returns during the nine seasons. A study of the contribution made by the release of hatchery fish shows a maximum possible return to anglers of 2 per cent., subject to a correction for the proportion of takable fish caught by anglers for which no data are available. Evidence is produced to show that the release of hatchery fish is unproductive and wasteful in a stream already stocked to capacity.

Genotype × site interactions in seed production, hard seed breakdown and regeneration of annual medics (Medicago spp.) in west Asia

1995 ◽  
Vol 125 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. S. Cocks
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
First Year ◽  
Hard Seed ◽  
The Third ◽  
Pasture Legumes ◽  
Wheat Pasture ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Annual Medics ◽  
Pasture Plants

SUMMARYSeed production of annual medics was measured at four sites in Syria and Jordan between 1986/87 and 1988/89. Plots sown to medic in the first year were sown to wheat in the second year, and medic regeneration was measured in the third year. At three of the sites, adjacent plots were established in the second and third years and herbage production, and regeneration where appropriate, were measured in the third year. In this way, genotype × site interactions were used to assess medic adaptation to wheat/pasture rotations, continuous pasture and newly sown pasture.Seed production was correlated with rainfall, the mean yield of 14 genotypes ranging from zero at 160 mm to 1 tonne/ha at 510 mm. Medicago polymorpha produced the highest yields, though not at the lowest rainfalls. Yields of M. rotata were also above average. There was, however, wide variation between species in seed weight, pod weight and seeds/pod.Regeneration was better after wheat than after pasture. Herbage production was slightly better after pasture than after wheat, and both were greatly superior to that of newly sown pasture. After 2 years' germination, most genotypes retained more than half (mean 60%) and up to 99% of the seed produced in the first year.Genotype × environment interactions were tested using analysis of variance (ANOVA), regression (Finlay & Wilkinson 1963) and principal component analysis (PCA). Because adaptation in pasture plants depends on many variables, PCA proved to be the most useful technique and the simplest to apply. ANOVA and regression were limited by their inability to process more than one variable at a time. Regression analysis is further limited by requiring a greater number of sites.Based on seed production, seed survival, seedling regeneration and herbage production, certain locally collected genotypes of M. rigidula, M. noeana, M. polymorpha and possibly M. rotala, were adapted to conditions in Syria and Jordan. A similar methodology could be used to test pasture legumes throughout west Asia and north Africa

scholarly journals Paracoccidioidomycosis mortality in Brazil (1980-1995)

2002 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 1441-1454 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ziadir Francisco Coutinho ◽  
Delson da Silva ◽  
Márcia Lazéra ◽  
Valéria Petri ◽  
Rosely Magalhães de Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Sequential Data ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
Major Health ◽  
Low Visibility ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Long Term Trend ◽  
Annual Mortality

This study analyzes 3,181 deaths from paracoccidioidomycosis in Brazil, based on 16 years of sequential data (from 1980 to 1995). During this period paracoccidioidomycosis showed considerable magnitude and low visibility, representing the eighth most common cause of death from predominantly chronic or recurrent types of infectious and parasitic diseases. It also had the highest mortality rate among the systemic mycoses. The mean annual mortality rate was 1.45 per million inhabitants, indicating a downward long-term trend (reduction of 31.28%), while spatial distribution among the different regions and States of Brazil was non-homogenous. The South (with the highest regional rate) and the Southeast showed a downward trend, while the Central West had the second highest rate in the country. At least one-fifth of Brazilian municipalities (or 22.71% of the country's total area) reported deaths from paracoccidioidomycosis. Overall nationwide mortality per area was 3.73/10,000km². The disease was endemic in non-metropolitan areas. The majority of deaths occurred in males (84.75%), and there was a sex ratio of 562 men/100 women. The 30-59-year and over-60-year age groups were the most affected. The study showed that the mortality rate justifies classifying this disease as a major health problem in Brazil.

scholarly journals Functional improvement in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis undergoing single lung transplantation

2015 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 299-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adalberto Sperb Rubin ◽  
Douglas Zaione Nascimento ◽  
Letícia Sanchez ◽  
Guilherme Watte ◽  
Arthur Rodrigo Ronconi Holand ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Function ◽  
Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis ◽  
Pulmonary Fibrosis ◽  
Lung Transplantation ◽  
Functional Improvement ◽  
First Year ◽  
Single Lung Transplantation ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Mean ◽  
One Year

AbstractObjective: To evaluate the changes in lung function in the first year after single lung transplantation in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF).Methods: We retrospectively evaluated patients with IPF who underwent single lung transplantation between January of 2006 and December of 2012, reviewing the changes in the lung function occurring during the first year after the procedure.Results: Of the 218 patients undergoing lung transplantation during the study period, 79 (36.2%) had IPF. Of those 79 patients, 24 (30%) died, and 11 (14%) did not undergo spirometry at the end of the first year. Of the 44 patients included in the study, 29 (66%) were men. The mean age of the patients was 57 years. Before transplantation, mean FVC, FEV1, and FEV1/FVC ratio were 1.78 L (50% of predicted), 1.48 L (52% of predicted), and 83%, respectively. In the first month after transplantation, there was a mean increase of 12% in FVC (400 mL) and FEV1 (350 mL). In the third month after transplantation, there were additional increases, of 5% (170 mL) in FVC and 1% (50 mL) in FEV1. At the end of the first year, the functional improvement persisted, with a mean gain of 19% (620 mL) in FVC and 16% (430 mL) in FEV1.Conclusions: Single lung transplantation in IPF patients who survive for at least one year provides significant and progressive benefits in lung function during the first year. This procedure is an important therapeutic alternative in the management of IPF.

scholarly journals Primary and secondary dentine thickness at the apical foramen of the mesial and distal root of the lower first permanent molar

2009 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-32
Author(s):  
Milica Jovanovic-Medojevic
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Digital Camera ◽  
Apical Part ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Root Canals ◽  
The Third ◽  
Permanent Molar ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Secondary Dentine

Introduction Knowledge of the complexity of the root canal system in lower first molars and particularly the apical part of the root affects significantly the realization and success of the endodontic procedure. Aim The aim of this paper was to determine the thickness of the primary and secondary dentine around the main foramen of the mesial and distal root of the lower first permanent molar in teeth of various ages. Material and Method Fifty extracted lower first molars of both male and female patients extracted for various reasons were used in the study. All teeth were allocated to three age groups: under 25 years old (15 teeth), between 26 and 50 (20 teeth) and over 51 years old (15 teeth). After access cavity preparation, canal orifices were enlarged and root canals were explored using hand K-files #10. Using a diamond disc, the root tip was then cut off in the area of the apical foramen. Dentine thickness was determined using a complex configuration comprising of several devices which were interconnected by software. These included a polarised microscope (Leica DMLSP), a digital camera (Leica DC300) and a scanner. Results The results showed that the greatest mean thickness of the primary dentine was in the mesial root of the first lower molar in the first age group (0.177 mm), followed by the third (0.145 mm) whilst the least mean thickness was observed in the second age group (0.141 mm). In the distal root, the mean thickness of the primary dentine was in the second (0.175 mm), then the first (0.138 mm) and finally the third group (0.100 mm). The mean thickness of the secondary dentine in the mesial root was observed in the second group (1.25 mm), followed by the third (1.11 mm) whilst the least mean thickness was found in the first age group (0.95 mm). The mean thickness of the secondary dentine in the distal root was observed in the second group (1.26 mm), then the third (1.18 mm) whilst the least mean thickness was found in the first age group (0.99 mm). Conclusion The obtained results suggested that the mean thickness of the primary dentine in the mesial and distal roots was comparable. For both mesial and distal roots, the greatest mean thickness of the secondary dentine was observed in the second age group.

scholarly journals Narrowing gap in regional and age-specific excess mortality in the first year and a half of COVID-19 in Hungary

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Csaba G. Toth
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Excess Mortality ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Vaccination Schedule ◽  
First Year ◽  
Third Wave ◽  
The Third ◽  
Seasonal Flu ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Second Wave

In the first year and a half of the pandemic, the excess mortality in Hungary was 28,400, which was 1,700 lower than the official statistics on COVID-19 deaths. This discrepancy can be partly explained by protective measures instated during the COVID-19 pandemic that decreased the intensity of the seasonal flu outbreak, which caused on average 3,000 deaths per year. Compared to the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, the third wave showed a reduction in the differences in excess mortality between age groups and regions. The excess mortality rate for people aged 75+ fell significantly in the third wave, partly due to the vaccination schedule and the absence of a normal flu season. For people aged 40-77, the excess mortality rate rose slightly in the third wave. Between regions, excess mortality was highest in Northern Hungary and Western Transdanubia, and much lower in Central Hungary, where the capital is located. The excess mortality rate for men was almost twice as high as that for women in almost all age groups.

SPECIAL REVIEWS

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1950 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 789-824
Author(s):  
KURT GLASER ◽  
LOUIS R. LIMARZI ◽  
HENRY G. PONCHER
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Sharp Decrease ◽  
Erythroid Cell ◽  
First Year ◽  
Cellular Composition ◽  
Diagnostic Significance ◽  
Sharp Drop ◽  
Average Percentage ◽  
The Third

The bone marrow of 151 normal infants, children and young adults ranging in age from birth to 20 years was studied. The data were statistically evaluated and recorded in table and graph form. The following observations were made: 1. The height of the various layers in the centrifuged specimen as obtained by aspiration of 1 cc. or fraction thereof of marrow fluid was compared in the different age groups and showed an increase with progressing age of the fat and myeloid-erythroid cell layers and a decrease of the mature red cell layer. 2. The cellular composition of the bone marrow varies with age. 3. Marked variations occur during the first year of life and particularly during the first month. Thereafter up to the end of the observation period the changes are of minor extent and average values for this age group were established for all cells. 4. The cells of the erythroid series show a sharp decrease in number during the first days of life and reach essentially stable values (23.12%) by the end of the first month with a temporary decrease around the third month of life. 5. The myeloid series shows an increasing during the first two weeks of life followed by a sharp drop around the third week and the establishment by the end of the first month of values close to the average percentage as calculated for the period from 1 to 20 years (60.59%). 6. The lymphocytes increase in number during the first weeks of life, followed by a gradual decrease during the first and second year and thereafter do not show marked variations in number. (Average:16.03%.) 7. The individual cells of the myeloid and erythroid series show a pattern similar to the one described for the entire series of which they are part. There is, however, a tendency for the younger cells to slightly decrease in number and the older cells to increase with advancing age. Numerical variations with age on cells occurring in smaller numbers are less noticeable than on cell groups occurring in higher percentages. 8. The myeloid-erythroid ratio is the expression of the numerical relationship of the myeloid and erythroid series. The values are low at birth, increase rapidly during the first two weeks and approach the 1 to 20 year average (2.95) during the first year. 9. The data reported in the literature were recorded in order to complement and compare the findings of this study. 10. The normal bone marrow pattern as described may contribute to the interpretation of the cellular composition of the bone marrow under abnormal conditions. However, the diagnostic significance of individual cell findings may be limited by the great variations occurring normally in the cellular composition of the bone marrow of healthy individuals.

Peritoneal Equilibration Test Reference Values Using A 3.86% Glucose Solution during the First Year of Peritoneal Dialysis: Results of a Multicenter Study of a Large Patient Population

2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 633-638 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincenzo La Milia ◽  
Gianfranca Cabiddu ◽  
Giovambattista Virga ◽  
Valerio Vizzardi ◽  
Anna Giuliani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Reference Values ◽  
Glucose Solution ◽  
Large Population ◽  
First Year ◽  
Peritoneal Equilibration Test ◽  
Large Patient ◽  
Large Patient Population ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Sodium Sieving

BackgroundThe original peritoneal equilibration test (PET) was used to classify peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients using a 2.27% glucose solution. It has since been suggested that a 3.86% glucose solution be used because this provides better information about ultrafiltration (UF) capacity and the sodium (Na) sieving of the peritoneal membrane.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to determine reference values for a PET using a 3.86% glucose solution (PET-3.86%).MethodsWe evaluated the PET-3.86% in a large population of incident PD patients attending 27 Italian dialysis centers.ResultsWe evaluated the results of 758 PET-3.86% in 758 incident PD patients (1 test per patient). The mean duration of PD was 5 ± 3 months. The ratio of the concentrations of creatinine in dialysate/plasma (D/PCreat) was 0.73 ± 0.1 (median 0.74). The ratio between the concentrations of glucose at the end/beginning of the test (D/D0) was 0.25 ± 0.08 (median 0.24). Ultrafiltration uncorrected and corrected for bag overfill was respectively 776 ± 295 mL (median 781 mL) and 675 ± 308 mL (median 689 mL). Sodium sieving was 8.4 ± 3.8 mmol/L (median 8.0 mmol/L).ConclusionThe results of the study provide PET-3.86% reference values for the beginning of PD that can be used to classify PD patients into transport classes and monitor them over time.

The Effects of Improshare on Productivity

ILR Review ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 311-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger T. Kaufman
Keyword(s):  
Firm Size ◽  
Similar Pattern ◽  
First Year ◽  
Gain Sharing ◽  
The Third ◽  
Productivity Increase ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Productivity Gains

Analyzing 112 responses to a 1988 questionnaire sent to all known users of IMPROSHARE, the author estimates the effects on productivity of this gain-sharing plan, which is being used by a growing number of companies. The data indicate that IMPROSHARE has led to significant increases in productivity. The median productivity increase was about 8% in the first year, and the cumulative productivity gains had risen to 17.5% by the third year, after which they began to level off. The mean productivity increases were even greater than the median increases and followed a similar pattern. The author finds that a sizable portion of the gains reflects reductions in defect and downtime rates, and that firm size was inversely related to productivity gains.

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