scholarly journals Studies on mineral nutrition of the coffee plant (Coffea arabica L. cv. Catuaí Vermelho): LXIV. Remobilization and re-utilization of nitrogen and potassium by normal and deficient plants

2003 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 481-490 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. F. de Lima Filho ◽  
E. Malavolta

Remobilization and re-utilization of 15N and 85Rb labelled nitrogen and potassium reserves for new growth and fruit formation was studied under greenhouse conditions using both normal and deficient young coffee plants. It was found that K reserves are used in higher proportion than is stored N by fruits and other organs. The export of N by organs of residence in the normal plants obeyed the following proportions of the total: leaves 47%-58%, branches and flower buds 21%-27%, roots 21%-32%. The corresponding figures in the case of deficient plants were: leaves 49%-65%, branches and flower buds 21%-27%, roots 14%-25%. Re-utilization of K took place in the following proportions in the normal plants: leaves 54%-64%, branches and flower buds 20%-21%, roots 30%-41%. In K deficient plants the figures were: leaves 62%-79%, branches and flower buds 1.2%-4.4%, roots 20%-33%. In tissues formed after the initiation of flowering buds, the demand for N is met by reserves as follows: normal plants: fruits 20.6%-24.8%, leaves 15.6%-19.4%, twigs 19%-20.5%; deficient plants: fruits 43.5%-48.5%, leaves 48.1%-51.9%, twigs 46%-53%. The K needs for new tissues are met in the order: normal plants: fruits 40%-45.8%, leaves 27%-37.6%, twigs 26%-33.1%; deficient plants: fruits 65.7%-81.5%, leaves 52.6%-68.4%, twigs 62%-86.1%. Fruits represent the main sink for both N and K. Re-utilization of both elements is higher in the case of deficient plants.

1981 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 281-288
Author(s):  
Paulo R.C. Castro ◽  
José F. Franco ◽  
José D. Costa ◽  
Clarice G.B. Demétrio

A field experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of ethephon and urea on ripening of fruits and leaf abscission of coffee plant. Ethephon (2-chloroethane phosphonic acid) sprays were applied to green Coffea arábica berries 26 days before counting date in concentrations of 0.5 and 0.25 ml/1 from Ethrel (240 a.i./l). The chemical accelerated the onset of fruit ripening at both concentrations. The efficacy of ethephon was increased adding urea. Ethephon 0.5 ml/1 promoted abscission of leaves and low concentration reduced shedding of leaves. The treatments did not affect the growth and production on the next harvest.


Agrikultura ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Siska Rasiska ◽  
Abdirrassyiddin Khairullah

ABSTRACTThe Effects of Three Types of Shade Trees on the Diversity of Insects in Coffee PlantationArabican coffee (Coffea arabica) is one of the plantation commodities that has economic, social, and ecological value in Indonesia. Commonly, coffee is grown in a shaded condition that will affect the diversity of insects. This research was aimed to study the effects of three types of shade trees on the diversity of insects in coffee plants. This research was conducted at Manglayang Peasant Coffee Plantation, Cipulus Village, Cilengkrang Subdistrict, Bandung Regency and the Entomology Laboratory, Department of Plant Pests and Diseases, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Padjadjaran. The method used was descriptive survey through observation with systematic diagonal method in selected locations based on three types of shade trees, namely suren (Toona sureni Merr), white teak (Gmelina arborea Roxb), and pine (Pinus merkusii Jungh). The results showed that diversity index of the insects of coffee plants in suren shade trees was low to medium, and the highest percentage of abundance was Empoasca sp. Coffee plant diversity index of the insects with white teak shade trees were medium with highest percentage abundance in the Agromyzidae family and Emposca sp. Coffee plant diversity index of the insect with pine shading trees was low to moderate with the highest abundance of Empoasca sp. and Agromyzidae family.Keywords: Shade tree, Diversity, Insect, Coffee plantABSTRAKKopi arabika (Coffea arabica) merupakan salah satu komoditas perkebunan yang memiliki nilai ekonomi, sosial, dan ekologis bagi masyarakat Indonesia. Pada umumnya, kopi ditanam pada kondisi ternaungi sehingga akan berpengaruh terhadap keragaman serangga. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji efek dari tiga jenis pohon penaung terhadap keragaman serangga pada pertanaman kopi. Penelitian dilakukan di Perkebunan Kopi Rakyat Manglayang, Desa Cipulus, Kecamatan Cilengkrang, Kabupaten Bandung dan Laboratorium Entomologi, Departemen Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Padjadjaran. Metode yang digunakan adalah survei deskriptif dengan cara observasi dengan metode diagonal sistematis pada beberapa lokasi yang dipilih berdasarkan tiga jenis pohon penaung, yaitu suren (Toona sureni Merr), jati putih (Gmelina arborea Roxb), dan pinus (Pinus merkusii Jungh). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa serangga tanaman kopi pada tanaman penaung suren indeks keragamannya rendah sampai sedang, dan persentase kelimpahan tertingginya adalah Empoasca sp. Serangga tanaman kopi dengan pohon penaung jati putih indeks keragamannya sedang dengan persentase kelimpahan tertinggi pada family Agromyzidae dan Emposca sp. Serangga tanaman kopi dengan pohon penaung pinus indeks keragamannya rendah hingga sedang dengan kelimpahan tertinggi Empoasca sp. dan famili Agromyzidae.Kata Kunci: Pohon penaung, Keragaman, Serangga, Tanaman kopi


Irriga ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 378-391
Author(s):  
Marcelo Rossi Vicente ◽  
Everardo Chartuni Mantovani ◽  
André Luís Teixeira Fernandes ◽  
Júlio Cesar Lima Neves ◽  
Edmilson Marques Figueredo ◽  
...  

EFFECT OF IRRIGATION ON ROOT DEVELOPMENT OF COFFEE PLANTS     MARCELO ROSSI VICENTE1; EVERARDO CHARTUNI MANTOVANI2; ANDRÉ LUÍS TEIXEIRA FERNANDES3; JÚLIO CÉSAR LIMA NEVES4; EDMILSON MARQUES FIGUEREDO5 E FÁBIO TEIXEIRA DELAZARI6   1 Instituto Federal do Norte de Minas Gerais, Campus Salinas, Fazenda Varginha, Rodovia Salinas – Taiobeiras, Km 2, 39560-00, Salinas, Minas Gerais, Brasil, [email protected] 2 Departamento de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Campus Universitário, Viçosa, 36570.900, Minas Gerais, Brasil, [email protected] 3 Universidade de Uberaba, Av. Nenê Sabino, n° 1801, 38055-500, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brasil, [email protected] 4 Departamento de Solos, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Campus Universitário, Viçosa, 36570-900, Minas Gerais, Brasil, [email protected] 5 Bahia Farm Show, Av. Ahylon Macedo, n° 919, 97810-035, Barreiras, Bahia, Brasil, [email protected] 6 Departamento de Fitotecnia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Campus Universitário, Viçosa, 36570-900, Minas Gerais, Brasil, [email protected]     1 ABSTRACT   Increasing the development and deepening of the root system in coffee crops ensures higher water and nutrient uptakes as a result of improved soil utilization, ultimately leading to greater crop yields and longevity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of irrigation levels on the root system of drip-irrigated coffee plants in western Bahia State (BA), Brazil. The experiment was carried out on Café do Rio Branco farm, located in Barreiras - BA, using adult plants (approximately 3.5 years old) of coffee variety Catuaí Vermelho IAC 144. The experiment was set up as a randomized block design with three treatments corresponding to the irrigation depths of 75, 100 and 150% as determined using Irriplus software. After the fourth harvest, the coffee root system was assessed to determine root length density (RLD) and root weight density (RWD) in different sampled layers. A greater concentration of roots (RLD and RWD) was observed in the surface layer (0-20 cm) and under the lateral line (at 30 and 70 cm from the orthotropic branch). The irrigation depth of 75% provided the highest concentration of roots (RLD and RWD) in the 0-10 cm layer.   Keywords: Drip irrigation, Coffea arabica L, root system.     VICENTE, M.R.; MANTOVANI, E.C.; FERNANDES, A.L.T.; NEVES, J.C.L.; FIGUEREDO, E.M.; DELAZARI, F.T EFEITO DA IRRIGAÇÃO NO DESENVOLVIMENTO RADICULAR DO CAFEEIRO     2 RESUMO   Um maior desenvolvimento e aprofundamento do sistema radicular garante ao cafezal um aumento da absorção de água e nutrientes devido a maior exploração do solo, com isto maior produtividade e longevidade da lavoura. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos de diferentes lâminas de irrigação sobre o sistema radicular do cafeeiro irrigado por gotejamento na região Oeste da Bahia. Realizou-se o trabalho na fazenda Café do Rio Branco, localizada em Barreiras - BA em cafeeiros adultos, aproximadamente 3,5 anos de idade, da variedade Catuaí Vermelho IAC 144. O experimento ocorreu no delineamento em blocos casualizados, composto de 3 tratamentos, correspondentes à 75, 100 e 150% da lâmina de irrigação determinada pelo software Irriplus. Após a quarta safra, procedeu-se às avaliações do sistema radicular do cafeeiro, onde foi determinada a densidade de comprimento radicular - DCR e a densidade radicular – DR em diferentes camadas amostradas. Observou-se maior concentração de raízes, DCR e DR, na camada superficial (0-20 cm) e sob a linha lateral (30 e 70 cm de distância do ramo ortotrópico). A lâmina de irrigação correspondente a 75% proporcionou maior concentração de raízes (DCR e DR) na camada de 0 a 10 cm.   Palavras - chaves: Irrigação localizada, Coffea arábica L, sistema radicular


2002 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 439-443 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lázara Pereira Campos Caramori ◽  
Paulo Henrique Caramori ◽  
João Manetti Filho

Young coffee plants from cultivar Mundo Novo of Coffea arabica were grown without irrigation for 32 consecutive days, to evaluate the effect of leaf water potential on damage caused by low temperatures, under controlled conditions. A wide range of leaf water potentials were evaluated, from - 0.45MPa (wet soil) at the beginning of the experimental period, to - 4.8MPa (severe leaf wilting) at the end. Results showed that under moderate water stress, there was a higher frequency of undamaged plants and lower frequency of severely damaged plants. These results help explain part of the regional variability observed after a frost and stress the importance of new studies associating cold and drought tolerance in coffee.


HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1071a-1071
Author(s):  
Ursula K. Schuch ◽  
Leslie H. Fuchigami ◽  
Mike A. Nagzao

Floral initiation in coffee has been shown to be stimulated by short days in young plants, but the inductive stimulus for mature plants is still not clear. Experiments were conducted to determine whether floral initiation in immature and mature plants is promoted by short photoperiods, and delayed by long photoperiods. In a growth chamber study, 18-month-old coffee (Coffea arabica L. cv. Guatemalan) plants exposed to 8 hr photoperiods developed flower buds after 4 weeks, whereas no floral initiation was observed on the plants exposed to 16 hr photoperiods for ten weeks. Trees growing in the field were illuminated with incandescent light from midnight to 3:00 a.m. from July to December 1989. The control plants received no artificial light during the same time period. Night light interruption delayed flower initiation until the end of December on branches that were fully exposed to the light. On control trees, flower buds started to emerge at the beginning of November. These results indicate that in immature and mature coffee plants floral initiation is stimulated by short days, and delayed by long days.


1969 ◽  
Vol 94 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 147-164
Author(s):  
Yobana Mariño-Cárdenas ◽  
Mildred Zapata ◽  
Brent V. Brodbeck ◽  
Stuart McKamey ◽  
Peter C. Andersen

Xylella fastidiosa (Xf) is a xylem-limited bacterium that is the causal agent of coffee leaf scorch (CLS) in Central America. The purpose of this research was to survey potential vectors of Xf in plantings of coffee, Coffea arabica L., in Puerto Rico. These surveys were conducted from June to November 2006 on four farms, located in the municipalities of Yauco, Juana Díaz and Adjuntas. Insects were collected at each site at 15-day intervals. The 7,423 individuals collected belonged to five families and 12 species. Cicadellidae was the primary family in both number of species and number of individuals. Indexes of dominance, abundance, frequency and constancy showed Agallia pulchra, Apogonalia imitatrix, Caribovia coffeacola and Hortensia similis to be the predominant species. Indexes also showed significant differences among locations, with higher diversity and equitability on Yauco farms, and higher dominance in Adjuntas. Of the four dominant species, Apogonalia imitatrix, C. coffeacola and H. similis are all xylem fluid feeders, and thus may be potential vectors of Xf. Apogonalia imitatrix represents the first report of the species for Puerto Rico.


2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 329-338
Author(s):  
Ghalib Auliansyah ◽  
Fachruddin Fachruddin ◽  
Yuswar Yunus

Abstrak.  Komoditas kopi identik dengan kehidupan masyarakat Aceh Tengah, karena sebagian besar penduduk di wilayah dataran tinggi ini menggantungkan hidupnya dari komoditas kopi. Evaluasi kesesuaian lahan pada tanaman kopi Arabika organik sangat penting untuk mengoptimalkan produktivitas tanaman tersebut. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kelas kesesuaian lahan aktual di Kecamatan Pegasing dengan analisis lahan seluas 7.800,69 ha adalah sangat sesuai (S1) seluas 2.851,28 ha (36,55%), cukup sesuai (S2) 3.616,56 ha (46,36%) dan tidak sesuai (N) seluas 1.332,85 ha (18,72%) dengan faktor pembatas terberat ketersediaan air (wa) pada semua SPL, resistensi hara (nr) pada SPL 1, 3 dan 4 serta kemiringan lereng pada semua SPL.Evaluation of Land Suitability on Organic Arabica  Coffee Plants (Coffea arabica L.) Using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) in Pegasing District Middle of Aceh RegencyAbstract. Coffee commodities are identical to the life of the people of Middle Aceh, because most of the population in this highland region depends on the commodity of coffee. Evaluation of land suitability in organic Arabica coffee plants is very important to optimize the productivity of these crops. The results showed the actual land suitability class in Pegasing District with an analysis of an area of 7,800.69 ha was very suitable (S1) covering an area of 2.851,28 ha (36,55%), quite suitable (S2) 3.616,56 ha (46,36%) and incompatible (N) covering an area of 1,332.85 ha (18.72%) with the heaviest limiting factor of water availability (wa) in all SPL, nutrient resistance (nr) in SPL 1, 3 and 4 and slope slope in all SPL.


2009 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 49-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Flávio Lemes Fernandes ◽  
Marcelo Coutinho Picanço ◽  
Maria Elisa Fernandes ◽  
Tarcísio Visintin Galdino ◽  
Adriano Cirino Tomaz

Coccus viridis (Green) danifica plantas jovens e adultas de Coffea arabica Linnaeu. No entanto, nada se sabe sobre a magnitude dos danos causados por esta praga. Assim, este trabalho teve por objetivo estudar as relações entre o ataque de C. viridis e as perdas causadas por este inseto a C. arabica. Este trabalho foi conduzido em casa de vegetação na Universidade Federal de Viçosa. Foram utilizadas sementes da linhagem IAC 15 da variedade “Catuaí vermelho” de café (C. arabica). Para a confecção dos tratamentos esta praga foi criada em casa de vegetação separada do experimento. Os tratamentos foram: plantas infestadas e não infestadas por adultos e ninfas da cochonilha verde. As plantas foram nutridas com solução nutritiva. Durante 110 dias foram avaliados: números de adultos e de ninfas de primeiro, segundo e terceiro ínstares, área foliar, diâmetro do caule, altura das plantas em todas repetições. No final do experimento avaliou-se o peso das raízes, caule, folhas e total. Os pesos das raízes, matéria seca total, área foliar e diâmetro do caule de plantas não atacadas por C. viridis superaram em 1,31; 1,41; 1,50 e 8,93 vezes, respectivamente o peso de plantas atacadas. As variáveis selecionadas foram: diâmetro do caule (cm), área foliar (cm²), peso de raízes (g), ninfas, adultos e total das cochonilhas. Concluindo que a planta de C. arabica é afetada de forma diferente entre seus órgãos e que a ninfa de terceiro ínstar e adultos são as fases que mais causam danos a C. arabica. Losses Caused by Coccus viridis (Green) (Hemiptera: Coccidae) on Seedlings of Coffea arabica L. Abstract. Coccus viridis (Green) cause losses on seedling and old plants of Coffea arabica (Green). However, nothing is known about of the damages caused by this pest. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the relations between atack of C. viridis and the losses caused by this insect. on C. arabica. This work was conduced in greenhouse at Federal University of Viçosa. Seed coffee plants line IAC 15, variety “Catuaí vermelho” (C. arabica) were used. The insects were reared into greenhouse and separated of the experiment. The treatments were: infested plants and no infested by adults and nymphs of the green scale. The plants were nourished with compound nutrient solutions. For 110 days evaluated: numbers of adults and nymphs of instar first, second and third, leaf area, diameter of stem and plant height in all repetition. At the end of the experiment were evaluated weights of root, stem, leave and total. The weight of root, total dry matter, leaf area and diameter of the stem at plants no attacked by C. viridis were 1.31, 1.41, 1.50 and 8.93 times more than weight attacked plants, respectively. The main variables were: diameter of the stem (cm), leaf area (cm²), weights of root (g), nymphs, adults and all cochineals. Also, parts of the plant (C. arabica) were damaged by nymphs (third) and adults of C. viridis.


2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.B Carvalho ◽  
P.L.C.A Alves ◽  
S Bianco

The objective of this work was to evaluate the coexistence effects of coffee (Coffea arabica) with densities of sourgrass (Digitaria insularis) on crop macronutrient content and plant growth. The experiment was conducted in plots where one coffee plant was maintained in coexistence with 0 (weed-free check), 1, 2, 4, 8, and 16 sourgrass plants, using a completely randomized design with three replicates. Reduction of coffee growth and macronutrient content, except P that increased, started when the coexistence occurred with sourgrass plants in a density of 1 plant per plot. In general, macronutrient content was reduced by 18-50%, while growth characteristics were reduced by 9-41%, when coffee plants coexisted with 16 plants of sourgrass. Thus, sourgrass competition for nutrients was a strong factor limiting coffee plant growth.


2022 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Raquel Nogueira Rodrigues ◽  
Fábio Bueno dos Reis Junior ◽  
André Alves de Castro Lopes ◽  
Omar Cruz Rocha ◽  
Antônio Fernando Guerra ◽  
...  

ABSTRACT: This research evaluated the effects of coffee cultivation with two different water regimes associated or not with liming and the presence/absence of brachiaria as intercrop on the activities of the soil enzymes β-glucosidase, arylsulfatase and acid phosphatase. The study was carried out at the experimental farm of Embrapa Cerrados, using the cultivar IAC 144 (Coffea arabica L.), under a clayey dystrophic Cerrado Oxisol. Two water regimes (WR) were considered, WR1 with irrigation shifts throughout the year and WR3 with controlled water stress, for about 70 days, in the dry season. In each water regime, effects of lime application (with/without) and the presence/absence of brachiaria cultivated between the lines of coffee plants were evaluated. The activities of the enzymes β-glucosidase, arylsulfatase and acid phosphatase were evaluated during the rainy and dry seasons. Liming and intercropped brachiaria positively affected the activities of the three enzymes assessed in this study at varying degrees, depending on season and/or the WR. Our findings evidenced that intercropped brachiaria in coffee rows was the factor that most positively impacted soil enzymes activities.


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