scholarly journals Productive and nutritional characteristics of Piatã-grass in integrated systems

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 144-156
Author(s):  
Jeskarlândia Silva Barros ◽  
Laura Cristina Souza Castro ◽  
Fabiane de Lima Silva ◽  
Fabiana Villa Alves ◽  
Roberto Giolo de Almeida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Blade ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Canopy Height ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Integrated Systems ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Nutritional Characteristics ◽  
Sampling Points

SUMMARY This study aimed to evaluate the pasture productive and nutritional characteristics of Brachiaria brizantha cv. BRS Piatã in integrated systems with different densities of trees. Considering as plot the systems: integrated crop-livestock-forest with rows of trees (eucalyptus) spaced at 14 m and 357 trees ha-1 (ICLF-14m), ICLF with rows of trees spaced at 22 m and 227 trees ha-1 (ICLF-22m) and the integrated crop-livestock (ICL) with five remaining native trees ha-1; period of the year as subplots, and sampling points as subsubplots (A, B C, D, and E) arranged perpendicular to trees alleys. It was evaluated the production of forage and leaf blade dry mass, leaf:stem ratio, soil coverage, radiation photosynthetically active interception, canopy height, crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), in vitro digestibility of organic matter (IVDOM) of the leaf blade, and stem associated with the leaf sheath. There was a significant difference (P<0.05) for all variables due to the month within the integrated systems. Mainly in January and March, showing the forage and leaf blade dry mass reduction due to a higher trees density. System with higher trees density showed the lowest soil coverage and canopy height sampling points A and E in ICLF-22m showed lower forage and leaf blade dry mass production and soil coverage. The system with higher trees density showed lower value of NDF of the leaf blade, and higher CP contents. The IVDOM of the leaf blade was higher in ICLF systems. For the evaluated parameters the best results were for the ICLF-22m.

scholarly journals Animal performance and nutritional characteristics of Piatã-grass in integrated systems

2020 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 1027-1033
Author(s):  
D.C. Martins ◽  
S.D.J. Villela ◽  
R.G. Almeida ◽  
S.A.C. Araújo ◽  
L.D. Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Soil Cover ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Integrated Systems ◽  
Animal Performance ◽  
Brachiaria Brizantha ◽  
Nutritional Characteristics

ABSTRACT The objective was to evaluate animal performance and nutritional characteristics of Brachiaria brizantha cv. BRS Piatã in two integrated systems, during the summer and winter, five years after the initial establishment of the area. The randomized block experimental design was adopted with treatments consisting of a control (five native trees per hectare) and an integrated crop-livestock-forestry (ICLF) system with 227 eucalyptus trees per hectare. Animal performance, canopy height, soil cover, forage mass (leaf, stem and senescent material), and forage nutritive value were evaluated. Differences between systems were observed in forage mass (total, leaf, stem and senescent material), soil cover and forage nutritive value in both seasons. Shading conditions provided by eucalyptus in the ICLF system lead to a reduction in forage mass and neutral detergent fiber content, and to an increase in crude protein and in vitro organic matter digestibility. However, no effect on animal performance was obtained. The presence of trees improves the forage nutritive value without impacting animal performance in integrated systems.

scholarly journals Nutritional value of tifton 85 bermudagrass at two cutting heights and different times of storage

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 2129
Author(s):  
Samantha Mariana Monteiro Sunahara ◽  
Marcela Abbado Neres ◽  
Jaqueline Rocha Wobeto Sarto ◽  
Caroline Daiane Nath ◽  
Kácia Carine Scheidt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Fiber Content ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Cutting Height

The goal of this study was to assess the dehydration curve and nutritional value of Tifton 85 bermudagrass at two cutting heights from ground level (4 and 8 cm) during 120 days of storage in a closed shed. The dehydration curve was determined using samples from the entire plant at eight different times. The experimental design consisted of randomized blocks with plots subdivided per times and five replicates. The second step consisted of assessing the nutritional value of the stored Tifton 85 bermudagrass in randomized blocks with plots subdivided per times and two treatments per plot: cutting height of four and eight centimeters from the ground, and five different times for the subplots, with five replicates. Dehydration of Tifton 85 bermudagrass at the two heights occurred in 48 hours, considered an ideal time for hay drying. The dry matter content responded quadratically to the time of storage of the two heights, only differing during baling and after 120 days of storage. Crude protein content had a quadratic behavior in the two cutting heights, with the smallest value after 30 days of storage (107.0 g kg-1) and the largest after 90 days (147.8 g kg-1) in the cutting height of eight centimeters. The ether extract exhibited a quadratic behavior in the two cutting heights, only differing after 90 days of storage. The neutral detergent fiber content had linear positive response according to the time of storage, with no difference between the cutting heights. For the neutral detergent fiber content in the two cutting heights, the quadratic regression model was the best fit to the data, differing between the heights after 30 and 60 days of storage. In vitro dry matter digestibility and in vitro cell wall digestibility values of the stored hay were lower than the values obtained at the time of cutting. Cutting performed at four centimeters from the ground was the most suitable for hay production due to higher dry matter production and nutritional value without difference between bailing treatments. Hay storage caused undesirable changes in the nutritional value, especially in fiber content and in vitro digestibility.

scholarly journals The Relative Performance of a Benchtop Scanning Monochromator and Handheld Fourier Transform Near-Infrared Reflectance Spectrometer in Predicting Forage Nutritive Value

Sensors ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 658
Author(s):  
Matthew F. Digman ◽  
Jerry H. Cherney ◽  
Debbie J. R. Cherney
Keyword(s):  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Prediction Models ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Near Infrared Reflectance ◽  
Average Decrease ◽  
Manufacturing Techniques

Advanced manufacturing techniques have enabled low-cost, on-chip spectrometers. Little research exists, however, on their performance relative to the state of technology systems. The present study compares the utility of a benchtop FOSS NIRSystems 6500 (FOSS) to a handheld NeoSpectra-Scanner (NEO) to develop models that predict the composition of dried and ground grass, and alfalfa forages. Mixed-species prediction models were developed for several forage constituents, and performance was assessed using an independent dataset. Prediction models developed with spectra from the FOSS instrument had a standard error of prediction (SEP, % DM) of 1.4, 1.8, 3.3, 1.0, 0.42, and 1.3, for neutral detergent fiber (NDF), true in vitro digestibility (IVTD), neutral detergent fiber digestibility (NDFD), acid detergent fiber (ADF), acid detergent lignin (ADL), and crude protein (CP), respectively. The R2P for these models ranged from 0.90 to 0.97. Models developed with the NEO resulted in an average increase in SEP of 0.14 and an average decrease in R2P of 0.002.

scholarly journals 175 Reduce Reuse ReRumen: Variability in nutritive value of paunch manure

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 55-56
Author(s):  
Taylor J Garcia ◽  
Jeffrey A Brady ◽  
Kimberly A Guay ◽  
James P Muir ◽  
William B Smith
Keyword(s):  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
State University ◽  
Constant Weight ◽  
Penn State ◽  
Forced Air ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
The Individual

Abstract Ruminant animals develop a diverse and complex microbial ecosystem for digesting fibrous feedstuffs, but this material represents a cost to the industry when bound for rendering at harvest. Our objective was to determine the feed value of paunch manure recovered from an abattoir. Twelve paunch samples were collected from slaughtered cattle at the Tarleton State University Meat Laboratory, Stephenville, TX. Samples were dried under forced air at 55°C to a constant weight and ground to pass through 2-mm screen. A subsample was ground to 1-mm and assayed for DM, CP, and sequential NDF and ADF. Physically effective fiber (peNDF) was calculated with 2 L of unground, dried at 55 ˚C, paunch material using the manually-operated Penn State Particle Separator. Paunch peNDF was determined by multiplying the physical effectiveness factor by the total NDF content of the sample. Samples (2-mm) were subject to batch culture in vitro digestibility assays for determination of digestibility coefficients. Data were analysed as a random effects model using PROC GLIMMIX in SAS. Neutral detergent fiber, ADF, ADL, CP, and peNDF values were 68.1, 39.9, 10.9, 15.0, and 38.7%, respectively. Contribution to variance of the individual animal for NDF, ADF, ADL, CP, and peNDF was 97.2, 97.9, 95.4, 19.1, and 97.5%, respectively. In vitro true digestibility (IVTD) and in vitro neutral detergent fiber digestibility (IVNDFD) was recorded as 46.2% and 21.6%, respectively. Contribution to variance of the animal for IVTD and IVNDFD was 99.05 and 98.49%, respectively. Data collected suggest paunch manure could provide valuable nutrients for livestock production, specifically fiber and protein. For full viability of application in a sustainable system, a centralized receiving and compositing system may be useful for development of a consistent product.

Differences between the in vitro digestibility of extrusa collected from oesophageal fistulated steers and the forage consumed

2009 ◽  
Vol 49 (7) ◽  
pp. 563 ◽  
Author(s):  
David B. Coates ◽  
Robert J. Mayer
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
In Vitro Techniques ◽  
Pasture Legumes ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
C3 Grasses

In a study that included C4 tropical grasses, C3 temperate grasses and C3 pasture legumes, in vitro dry matter digestibility of extrusa, measured as in vitro dry matter loss (IVDML) during incubation, compared with that of the forage consumed, was greater for grass extrusa but not for legume extrusa. The increase in digestibility was not caused by mastication or by the freezing of extrusa samples during storage but by the action of saliva. Comparable increases in IVDML were achieved merely by mixing bovine saliva with ground forage samples. Differences were greater than could be explained by increases due to completely digestible salivary DM. There was no significant difference between animals in relation to the saliva effect on IVDML and, except for some minor differences, similar saliva effects on IVDML were measured using either the pepsin–cellulase or rumen fluid–pepsin in vitro techniques. For both C4 and C3 grasses the magnitude of the differences were inversely related to IVDML of the feed and there was little or no difference between extrusa and feed at high digestibilities (>70%) whereas differences of more than 10 percentage units were measured on low quality grass forages. The data did not suggest that the extrusa or saliva effect on digestibility was different for C3 grasses than for C4 grasses but data on C3 grasses were limited to few species and to high digestibility samples. For legume forages there was no saliva effect when the pepsin–cellulase method was used but there was a small but significant positive effect using the rumen fluid–pepsin method. It was concluded that when samples of extrusa are analysed using in vitro techniques, predicted in vivo digestibility of the feed consumed will often be overestimated, especially for low quality grass diets. The implications of overestimating in vivo digestibility and suggestions for overcoming such errors are discussed.

scholarly journals Effect of crude glycerol on in-vitro ruminal fermentation kinetics

2014 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 172-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanessa Peripolli ◽  
Ênio Rosa Prates ◽  
Júlio Otávio Jardim Barcellos ◽  
Cássio André Wilbert ◽  
Cláudia Medeiros Camargo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Crude Glycerol ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation

The interest in using crude glycerol in animal feeding has reemerged due to its increasing availability and favorable price resulting from the expansion of biofuel industry. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effects of substituting corn for crude glycerol at different levels in the diet on ruminal fermentation using in-vitro true digestibility parameters. The experimental treatments consisted of substituting corn for liquid crude glycerol (0; 4; 8 and 12%) in dry matter basis. Diets consisted of 60% alfalfa hay and 40% corn and glycerol substituted the corn in the diet. In addition to the 48 hours traditionally applied in digestibility assays, different in-vitro digestibility times were used (0; 4; 8; 16; 48, 72 and 96 hours) in order to study digestion kinetics. The dietary corn substitution for increasing crude glycerol levels did not affect ammonia nitrogen content, metabolizable energy content, in-vitro digestibility of organic matter and neutral detergent fiber, nor ruminal degradation parameters. However this by-product of biodiesel production may be tested in-vivo as an alternative energy feedstuff in ruminant diets.

scholarly journals Yield and nutritional value of BRS Capiaçu grass at different regrowth ages

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 2045 ◽  
Author(s):  
Flávio Pinto Monção ◽  
Marco Aurélio Moraes Soares Costa ◽  
João Paulo Sampaio Rigueria ◽  
Marielly Maria Almeida Moura ◽  
Vicente Ribeiro Rocha Júnior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Northern Region ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Pennisetum Purpureum ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Elephant Grass ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility

The objective was to evaluate the productivity, chemical composition, ruminal degradability of dry matter and digestibility of BRS capiaçu grass (Pennisetum purpureum Schum.) managed at five regrowth ages. A completely randomized design with ten replications was used in the BRS capiaçu elephant grass subjected to five cutting intervals (30, 60, 90, 120 and 150 days) in the summer, making a total of 50 plots with a useful area of 4 x 2 m. There were daily increases in the dry matter production in the order of 382 kg ha-1, with 49,859 kg ha-1 being produced at 150 regrowth days. The dry matter content and organic matter linearly increased (P < 0.01) at different regrowth ages. The crude protein content, in vitro dry matter digestibility and in vitro digestibility of neutral detergent fiber linearly reduced (P < 0.01) 0.037%, 0.196% and 0.256% per day, respectively. Potential degradability of dry matter decreased from 68.9% at 30 days to 44.7% at 150 regrowth days (0.194 percentage units per day). The rate of degradation of fraction B 'c' was not modified (P = 0.94), averaging 1.46% hour-1. In the cultivation of BRS capiaçu elephant grass in the summer season, in the northern region of Minas Gerais, the age for harvesting between 90 and 120 days of regrowth is recommended.

scholarly journals Utilization of a novel feedstuff: effects of additives on the fermentation characteristics, chemical composition and in vitro digestibility of tetraploid black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia) silage

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhihao Dong ◽  
Junfeng Li ◽  
Lei Chen ◽  
Siran Wang ◽  
Tao Shao
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Lactobacillus Plantarum ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Fermentation Products ◽  
Fermentation Quality ◽  
Tetraploid Black Locust

ABSTRACT: This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of additives on the fermentation characteristics, chemical composition and in vitro digestibility of tetraploid black locust (TBL). The TBL leaves silage was either untreated (control) or treated with 1 × 106 cfu/g FM Lactobacillus plantarum (L), 1% glucose (G), 3% molasses (M), a combination of 1% glucose and Lactobacillus plantarum (L+G), or a combination of 3% molasses and Lactobacillus plantarum (L+M). Fermentation quality, chemical composition and nutrient digestibility were then analyzed. Ethanol and acetic acid concentrations were the dominant fermentation products in all silages except L+M silage. The L, G and L+G treatments failed to influence the fermentation. The M treatment increased (P<0.05) the lactic acid concentration and lowered (P<0.05) the pH when compared with control silage. The best fermentation properties were observed in L+M silage, as indicated by the dominance of lactic acid over ethanol in fermentation products. The M and L+M silages exhibited higher (P<0.05) dry matter, and M silage showed higher residual water-soluble carbohydrates than the control. Ensiling increased (P<0.05) the in vitro dry matter, neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber degradability of TBL. Among the silages, M silage had the highest levels of dry matter, neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber degradability. The obtained results suggested that application of lactic acid bacteria together with 3% molasses could be an effective strategy to prevent the occurrence of ethanol fermentation and improve fermentation quality of TBL silage; addition of fermentable sugars to TBL improves nutrient availability to ruminants.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Seven Oat (Avena sativa) Genotypes for Biomass Yield and Quality Parameters under Different Locations of Western Oromia, Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Abuye Tulu ◽  
Mekonnen Diribsa ◽  
Worku Temesgen
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Digestible Organic Matter

Recognizing the potential and importance of cultivating improved forage crops as a means of tackling the recurrent feed shortage facing the study area, seven oat genotypes were tested in randomized complete block design with three replications across two locations for three growing seasons (2014, 2015, and 2016). The study was aimed to evaluate dry matter (DM) and digestible organic matter yield and nutrient composition of oat genotypes. The study revealed that oat genotypes responded differently for herbage dry matter (DM) and digestible organic matter (OM) yield, and quality parameters in both study locations. Averaged over the seven oat genotypes, herbage DM and digestible OM yield. recorded at Bako were higher than Boneya Boshe location across the study periods. The ash ( P  > 0.05) content did not vary among oat genotypes at both testing locations, while variation was observed for DM, crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), acid detergent lignin (ADL), in vitro digestibility, and metabolizable energy (ME) constituents. In general, genotypes ILRI 6710 and 5453 showed higher herbage DM and digestible OM yield. Moreover, the two genotypes are also higher in their in vitro digestibility value and ME, DM, and CP contents but relatively lower in NDF, ADF, and ADL fiber constituents, and thus, they are recommended for wider cultivation.

scholarly journals Anatomical and nutritional characteristics of Megathyrsus maximus genotypes under a silvopastoral system

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-170
Author(s):  
Mariana Pereira ◽  
Roberto Giolo De Almeida ◽  
Manuel Claudio Motta Macedo ◽  
Valéria Ana Corvalã Dos Santos ◽  
Erick Lemes Gamarra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Leaf Biomass ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Silvopastoral System ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Vascular Tissues ◽  
Sampling Points

Our objective was to measure chemical composition and anatomy of 5 Megathyrsus maximus (syn. Panicum maximum) genotypes, when grown in combination with eucalypts in a silvopastoral system. Cultivars Massai, Mombaça, BRS Tamani, Tanzânia and intraspecific hybrid accession PM44 were evaluated in full sun and a silvopastoral system at 5 different distances from eucalyptus tree rows. The experimental design was a randomized block in split plot with 2 replications. Plots corresponded with genotypes and subplots with sampling points within the system. Total forage and leaf biomass as well as nutritive value und tissue proportions were evaluated. Our results showed a decrease in biomass as radiation incidence decreased. Forage biomass was greatest in BRS Tamani and Mombaça and lowest in PM44. There was a significant interaction between sampling points and genotype for nutritive value variables, such as crude protein, in vitro digestibility of organic matter, cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin-S, while tissue proportions were not affected by the interaction between sampling points and genotypes. Genotype had more pronounced effects on chemical composition and anatomical characteristics than did sampling points. The leaves of Mombaça were the longest and had greatest total cross-sectional area, and this genotype showed greater proportions of sclerenchyma and vascular tissues than other cultivars and the lowest proportion of mesophyll. The greatest proportion of parenchyma bundle sheaths was also found in Mombaça leaves. Genotypes PM44 and Tanzânia had the lowest proportions of sclerenchyma, and PM44 and BRS Tamani had the lowest proportions of vascular tissues. On the other hand, PM44 and Tanzânia had the greatest proportions of mesophyll. BRS Tamani was comparable with the most used cultivars, Mombaça and Tanzânia, and had forage quality slightly superior to that of Mombaça. Tropical grasses growing under shade can potentially produce less forage but with better nutritive value, in terms of chemical composition and tissue proportions, than grasses grown under full sun. However, as the degree of shading in silvopastoral systems does not occur uniformly across the whole area, the improved nutritive value would not be uniform and may not be very prominent overall.

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